सामग्री पर जाएँ

आरट्ट

विकिशब्दकोशः तः

यन्त्रोपारोपितकोशांशः

[सम्पाद्यताम्]

कल्पद्रुमः

[सम्पाद्यताम्]

पृष्ठभागोऽयं यन्त्रेण केनचित् काले काले मार्जयित्वा यथास्रोतः परिवर्तयिष्यते। तेन मा भूदत्र शोधनसम्भ्रमः। सज्जनैः मूलमेव शोध्यताम्।

आरट्टः, पुं, (आङ् + रट् + टच् ।) देशविशेषः । त्रिकाण्डशेषे क्षत्रियवर्गे आरट्टजशब्ददर्शनात् ॥ तत्र आरट्टजोऽपि पाठः ॥ (यथा भारते, -- “पञ्चनद्यो वहन्त्येता यत्र पीलवनान्युत । शतद्रुश्च विपाशा च तृतीयैरावती तथा ॥ चन्द्रभागा वितस्ता च सिन्धुषष्ठा वहिर्गिरेः । आरट्टा नाम ते देशा नष्टधर्म्मा न तान् व्रजेत्” ॥ “पञ्च नद्यो वहन्त्येता यत्र निःसृत्य पर्ब्बतात् । आरट्टा नाम वाहीका न तेष्वार्य्यो द्व्यहं वसेत्” ॥)

शब्दसागरः

[सम्पाद्यताम्]

पृष्ठभागोऽयं यन्त्रेण केनचित् काले काले मार्जयित्वा यथास्रोतः परिवर्तयिष्यते। तेन मा भूदत्र शोधनसम्भ्रमः। सज्जनैः मूलमेव शोध्यताम्।

आरट्ट¦ m. (-ट्टः) The name of a country, north-west of India.

पृष्ठभागोऽयं यन्त्रेण केनचित् काले काले मार्जयित्वा यथास्रोतः परिवर्तयिष्यते। तेन मा भूदत्र शोधनसम्भ्रमः। सज्जनैः मूलमेव शोध्यताम्।

आरट्टः [āraṭṭḥ], 1 N. of a country to the north-east of Punjab, famous for its breed of horses; (the people of Guzarath in Ravalpindi still call their country Hairat or Airatdesa); the inhabitants of this country (pl.).

A horse from this country.

पृष्ठभागोऽयं यन्त्रेण केनचित् काले काले मार्जयित्वा यथास्रोतः परिवर्तयिष्यते। तेन मा भूदत्र शोधनसम्भ्रमः। सज्जनैः मूलमेव शोध्यताम्।

आरट्ट m. pl. N. of a people and country in पञ्च-नदor the Panjab MBh.

आरट्ट m. the ancestor of this people ib.

पृष्ठभागोऽयं यन्त्रेण केनचित् काले काले मार्जयित्वा यथास्रोतः परिवर्तयिष्यते। तेन मा भूदत्र शोधनसम्भ्रमः। सज्जनैः मूलमेव शोध्यताम्।

Āraṭṭa, Bāhlī¤ka : m. (pl.): Name of a country and its people; also referred to as Pañcanada (8. 30. 62, 65-66, 74), Āraṭṭaka (8. 30. 74), Bāhlī¤ (2. 47. 22; 5. 84. 6; 13. 106. 16), Jartika (8. 30. 14); perhaps also as Bāhyālaya (? 8. 30. 61).


A. Name: Āraṭṭa (āraṭṭā nāma te deśāḥ) 8. 30. 36; (āraṭṭajān) 6. 81. 31; Bāhlīka (bāhlīkadeśam) 8. 30. 9; Bāhli (bāhlijātānām 13. 106. 16; bāhlijātaiḥ 5. 84. 6); Āraṭṭa and Bāhlīka identified (āraṭṭā nāma bāhlīkāḥ) 8. 30. 40, 43; as people, the two are enumerated separately (āraṭṭabāhlikaiḥ) 6. 71. 16; 7. 35. 36; 7. 97. 26; 7. 132. 24; 7. 165. 79; once they are distinguished-Āraṭṭa as the name of the country, Bāhlīka, as the name of the people (āraṭṭā nāma te deśā bahlīkā nāma te janāḥ) 8. 30. 47; for Bāhlīka as name of the people, cf. Śalya is called bāhlīkapuṁgavaḥ 1. 61. 6; Somadatta as bāhlikānāṁ ṛṣabhaḥ 5. 30. 19; but the people are also called Āraṭṭaka 8. 30. 74, or simply Āraṭṭa 6. 71. 16, Āraṭṭā (f.) 8. 30. 58; name Bāhlī¤ for Bāhlīka, probably due to metrical reasons 2. 47. 22; 13. 106. 16; since the country was marked by five rivers (see Section


C. Location below), it was also known as Pañcanada 8. 30. 62, 74; (dharmaṁ pāñcanadam) 8. 30. 65-66; name Bāhyālaya is doubtful; the text reads prāyo bāhyā layād ṛte (8. 30. 61) (Arjunamiśra explains prāyo bāhyā yathoktapradeśabahirbhūtāḥ/layāt madradeśāt, see Cr. Ed. Vol. 10, p. 267, Cr. App. for 8. 30. 61); perhaps the text is to be read as bāhyālayād ṛte 'except those who have their residence outside (the countries Kurus, Pāñcālas etc. just mentioned before); also cf. Editor's note on the stanza Cr. Ed. Vol. 10. p. 687).


B. Explanation of the name: A certain Brāhmaṇa had informed the Kuru assembly that there were two Piśācas named Bahi and Hlīka living on the river Vipāśā; Bāhlikas were their progeny; they were not Prajāpati's creation (yad anyo 'py uktavān sabhyo brāhmaṇaḥ kurusaṁsadi/…bahiś ca nāma hlīkaś ca vipāśāyāṁ piśācakau/tayor apatyaṁ bāhlīkā naiṣā sṛṣṭiḥ prajāpateḥ// 8. 30. 41, 44; (of the two Piśācas, Bahi was female, Hlīka, male, see Cr. Ed. Vol. 10 p. 687).


C. Location:

(1) Listed by Saṁjaya among the northern Janapadas of the Bhāratavarṣa (ata ūrdhvaṁ janapadān nibodha gadato mama) 6. 10. 37; 5; (śaivalā bāhlikās tathā) 6. 10. 52; (bāhlikās…ete janapadā rājan) 6. 46. 50; Arjuna subdued them in his expedition to the north of Indraprastha (prayayāv uttarāṁ tasmād diśam) 2. 24. 1;

(2) The Bāhlīka country was discarded by Himavant, despised by Gaṅgā, Sarasvatī, Yamunā and Kurukṣetra (bāhlīkadeśaṁ…bahiṣkṛtā himavatā gāṅgayā ca tiraskṛtāḥ/sarasvatyā yamunayā kurukṣetreṇa cāpi ye//) 8. 30. 9-10;

(3) The Āraṭṭa-Bāhlīka country was watered by five rivers viz. Śatadru, Vipāśā, Irāvatī, Candrabhāgā, and Vitastā with Sindhu as the sixth (pañca nadyo vahanty etā…/śatadruś ca vipāśā ca tṛtīyerāvatī tathā/ candrabhāgā vitastā ca sindhuṣaṣṭhā bahirgatāḥ//āraṭṭā nāma te deśāḥ) 8. 30. 3536; pañcānāṁ sindhuṣaṣṭhānāṁ nadīnām ye 'ntarāśritāḥ/tān…bāhlīkān) 8. 30. 11; pañca nadyo vahanty etā yatra niḥsṛtya parvatāt/āraṭṭā nāma bāhlīkāḥ) 8. 30. 43; one had to cross the rivers Śatadruka and Irāvatī to reach Bāhlīka from Kuru country (śatadrukanadīṁ tīrtvā tāṁ ca ramyām irāvatīm/gatvā svadeśam) 8. 30. 19, 21.


D. Its Capital: Its chief town was Śākala (śākalaṁ nāma nagaram) 8. 30. 14; hence its people known as Śākalāvant (8. 30. 33); at the gate of the royal residence there was a vaṭa tree known as Govardhana and a quadrangular place named Subhāṇḍa (govardhano nāma vaṭaḥ subhāṇḍaṁ nāma catvaram/etad rājakuladvāram) 8. 30. 12 (see Govardhana Vol. I. p. 350, Śākala Vol. II. pp. 573-594 and Subhāṇḍa Vol. II. p. 580 where read Govardhanavaṭa in place of Śudarśanavaṭa).


E. Its river and forests: The name of the river flowing through the capital was Āpagā (āpagā nāma nimnagā) 8. 30. 14; in Bāhlīka country there were forests of Śamī, Pīlu and Karīra trees; the forests had comfortable roads (śamīpīlukarīrāṇāṁ vaneṣu sukhavartmasu) 8. 30. 24; (yatra pīluvanāny api) 8. 30. 35.


F. People: Description: Dullwitted (manda) 8. 30. 18; imprudent (acetas) 8. 30. 55; dullards (?) (pratirabdha) 8. 30. 81 (Arjunamiśra explains: pratirabdhāḥ saṁrambheṇa tāḍitāḥ santo budhyante, i. e. “will understand things when they are severely beaten”, see Critical Notes Vol. 10. p. 687; Nī. Bom. Ed. 8. 45. 37 (36 ?) reads pratirathāḥ and explains hitavādini pratikūlāḥ gurudrohiṇa ity arthaḥ); arrogant (avalipta) 8. 30. 19; ill-behaved (avinīta) 8. 30. 28; croocked (jihma) 8. 30. 60, 62; rogue (jālma) 8. 30. 40; vile (narādhama) 8. 30. 59; cruel (krūra) 8. 15. 10; (nirghṛṇa) 8. 30. 38; difficult to be assailed (durāsada) 2. 24. 21; rough in wars (saṅgrāmakarkaśa) 8. 15. 10; wicked (durātman) 8. 30. 26; robbers (stena) 8. 30. 73; despicable (vikutsita) 8. 30. 47, 57, 9; (dhig ity āha pitāmahaḥ) 8. 30. 65, 66, 74; low (hīna) 8. 30. 26; outcastes (vrātya) 8. 30. 26; indulging in sexual relationshīp with their own children (putrasaṁkarin) 8. 30. 40 (this is how the word is understood by the Editor of the Cr. Ed. (see Vol. 10, 686, note on 8. 30. 40) on the basis of Caturbhuja's commentary where we read avanteṣu (? apatyeṣu) utpāditāpatyāḥ; Arjunamiśra reads putrasatkāriṇaḥ and explains putrān eva satkurvanti na devabrāhmaṇādikam); dirt of the earth (malaṁ pṛthivyāḥ) 8. 30. 68; whose dharma had perished (naṣṭadharma) 8. 30. 36; (pranaṣṭadharma) 8. 30. 37; good people other than the Bāhlīkas know eternal dharma (dharmaṁ jānanti śāśvatam/nānādeśeṣu santaś ca prāyo bāhyā layād ṛte) 8. 30. 61; (dharmaṁ purāṇam upajīvanti santo…ṛte pañcanadāṁś ca jihmān) 8. 30. 62; there was no adharma for them (tān prati nāsty adharma āraṭṭakān pāñcanadān dhig astu) 8. 30. 74; indulging in ungratefulness, robbing others of their wealth, drinking wine, violating the bed of their teachers--this was their dharma (kṛtaghnatā paravittāpahāraḥ surāpānaṁ gurudārāvamarśaḥ/yeṣāṁ dharmaḥ) 8. 30. 74; they were thus outside the pale of religion (dharmabāhya), impure (aśuci) 8. 30. 11, and the mode of their life was highly despicable (teṣāṁ vṛttaṁ suninditam) 8. 30. 14; (teṣu vṛttaṁ kathaṁ bhavet) 8. 30. 33; gods, manes and Brāhmaṇas do not accept their offerings (na devāḥ pratigṛhṇanti pitaro brāhmaṇās tathā) 8. 30. 37; their actions are fruitless (moghacāriṇaḥ) 8. 30. 27; bereft of moral virtues (śīlavarjita) 8. 30. 15; a Brāhmaṇa had heard that in the Bāhlīka country people changed their castes, i. e. a Brāhmaṇa became first a Kṣatriya, then Vaiśya, Sūdra and barber, and again a Brāhmaṇa; having become a Brāhmaṇa he again became a Dāsa; in a family there was one Brāhmaṇa, the rest behaved as it pleased them; thus in the Bāhlīka country, quite contrary to the rest of the places, there was utter confusion as regards dharma (āgacchatā mahārāja bāhlīkeṣu niśāmitam//tatraiva brāhmaṇo bhūtvā tato bhavati kṣatriyaḥ/vaiśyaḥ śūdraś ca bāhlīkas tato bhavati nāpitaḥ//nāpitaś ca tato bhūtvā punar bhavati brāhmaṇaḥ/dvijo bhūtvā ca tatraiva punar dāso 'pi jāyate// bhavaty ekaḥ kule vipraḥ śiṣṭānye kāmacāriṇaḥ/…etan mayā śrutaṁ tatra dharmasaṁkarakārakam/kṛtsnām atitvā pṛthivīṁ bāhlīkeṣu viparyayaḥ// 8. 30. 52-56; a certain chaste woman of the Āraṭṭa country was abducted and molested by the Dasyus (of that country); she cursed them to the effect that since she was violated by them, women in their families would become wanton and that there would be no release from the sin (satī purā hṛtā kācid āraṭṭā kila dasyubhiḥ/adharmataś copayātā sā tān abhyaśapat tataḥ//bālāṁ bandhumatīṁ yan mām adharmeṇopagacchatha/ tasmān nāryo bhaviṣyanti bandhakyo vai kuleṣu vaḥ//na caivāsmāt pramokṣyadhvaṁ ghorāt pāpān narādhamāḥ//) 8. 30. 58-59; women of Bāhlīka were bright, fair, beautiful in appearance, applying red arsenic to their shining corners of eyes, using trikakuda collyrium, having large temple bones, wearing only deer-skins and were in the habit of jumping (sthūlaśaṅkhāḥ śubhāḥ striyaḥ/manaḥśilojjvalāpāṅgā gauryas trikakudāñjanāḥ//kevalājinasaṁvītāḥ kūrdantyaḥ priyadarśanāḥ//) 8. 30. 21-22; a certain Bāhlīka woman is described as large, fair, and wearing thin kambala (bṛhatī gaurī sūkṣmakambalavāsinī) 8. 30. 20; drinking and eating habits of the people of Bāhlīka described in 8. 30. 15, 30-33, 38-40, living habits in 8. 30. 1618, and travel habits in 23-25; the Bāhlīka country should be avoided by wise men; an Ārya should not live there for more than a day (āraṭṭā nāma bāhlīkā varjanīyā vipaścitā) 8. 30. 40; (bāhlīkān parivarjayet) 8. 30. 11; (āraṭṭā nāma te deśā naṣṭadharmān na tān vrajet) 8. 30. 36; (na teṣvāryo dvyahaṁ vaset) 8. 30. 43 (Nī. on Bom. Ed. 8. 44. 41: dvyaham ity ekarātravāse na doṣa ity arthaḥ).


G. Famous for:

(1) Horses: (i) Description: excellent horses (hayavara) 7. 97. 26; (hayottama) 5. 84. 6; swift, very swift (javana) 7. 35. 36; (sujavana) 7. 165. 79; having the speed of wind (vātajava) 6. 86. 5; having the speed of mind (manojava) 6. 86. 16; having speed as desired (kāmaº ºjava) 6. 86. 15; when they ran they almost flew like swans on an ocean (utpetuḥ sahasā rājan haṁsā iva mahodadhau) 6. 86. 16; they carried their riders (or they drew chariots) well (sādhuvāhin) 7. 35. 36; of one black colour (ekavarṇaiḥ sukṛṣṇaiḥ sukṛṣṇāṅgaiḥ) 5. 84. 6; lotus-coloured (padmavarṇa) 7. 22. 18; of different colours (nānāvarṇa) 6. 86. 16; of colours as desired (by riders) (kāmavarṇa) 6. 86. 15; having white spotted eyes (mallikākṣa) 7. 22. 18; having steady tails, ears and eyes (sthiravāladhikarṇākṣa) 7. 35. 36; (ii) they were well-decorated for wars (svalaṅkṛta) 7. 22. 18; having gold headornaments (kāñcanāpīḍa) 6. 86. 16; decorated with gold ornaments, protected by armours and well-equipped (suvarṇālaṁkṛtair etair varmavadbhiḥ sukalpitaiḥ) 6. 86. 5; got killed in battle (jaghāna vāhān samare…āraṭṭajān) 6. 81. 31; 8. 15. 9; (for Āraṭṭa warriors fighting from horsebacks (see


H. Epic events); (iii) different breeds: Land-bred (mahīja) originating from the region along the Sindhu river (sindhuja) 6. 86. 3; (iv) Highly-valued: Bhagīratha told Brahmadeva that he had reached Brahmaloka not because he gave as gift ten myriads of Bāhli-bred horses (vājināṁ bāhlijātānām ayutānyadadaṁ daśa …na ca tenāham āgataḥ) 13. 106. 16;

(2) Fine cloth: Different kinds: woolen, made from the hair of Raṅku deer, silken and paṭṭaja dress material which had the colour of lotus and was soft, large in size, rich in colour and (smooth to) touch: this was the speciality of the material from Bāhlī country (pramāṇarāgasparśāḍhyaṁ bāhlīcīnasamudbhavam/aurṇaṁ rāṅkavaṁ caiva kīṭajaṁ paṭṭajaṁ tathā//…kamalābhaṁ… ślakṣṇaṁ vastram) 2. 47. 22-23.


H. Epic events:

(1) Arjuna, after a tough fight, brought Bāhlīka people under control in his conquest to the north before the Rājasūya (bāhlīkān kurunandanaḥ/mahatā parimardena vaśe cakre) 2. 24. 21;

(2) Cloth of different kinds produced in Bāhlī was brought in thousands as tribute for Yudhiṣṭhira for his Rājasūya (bāhlīcīnasamudbhavam/…sahasraśaḥ…vastram) 2. 47. 22-23; see section


G. (2) above; Kṣatriyas of different regions, along with Bāhlikas, brought wealth in hundreds for Yudhiṣṭhira (bāhlikaiḥ saha/…āhārṣuḥ kṣatriyā vittaṁ śataśo 'jātaśatrave) 2. 48. 12, 16;

(3) Dhṛṣṭadyumna asked Saṁjaya to tell the Kauravas and the Bāhlīkas to behave lest they got killed by Arjuna (sabāhlīkān kurūn brūyāḥ) 5. 56. 56;

(4) On arrival of Kṛṣṇa, Dhṛtarāṣṭra wanted to present him sixteen golden chariots to each of which were yoked four excellent horses from Bāhli country (bāhlijātair hayottamaiḥ/caturyuktān rathāṁs tasmai raukmān dāsyāmi ṣoḍaśa) 5. 84. 6;

(5) Bāhlikas mentioned among those who marched out to go to Kurukṣetra (kekayā bāhlikaiḥ saha/prayayuḥ sarva evaite) 5. 196. 5; while describing the Kaurava army to Saṁjaya, Dhṛtarāṣṭra said that it was protected by Bāhlikas (guptaṁ ca …drauṇisaubalabāhlikaiḥ) 6. 72. 17-18;

(6) On the first day of war, some Bāhlīkas got ready to protect Bhīṣma (bāhlīkānām ekadeśaḥ) 6. 20. 10;

(7) On the second day of war, Bāhlikas were stationed on the right side of the Krauñcāruṇa vyūha of the Pāṇḍavas (!) (bāhlikās tittirāś caiva…dakṣiṇaṁ pakṣaṁ āśritāḥ) 6. 46. 50;

(8) Towards the end of the third day of war, Bāhlikas were among those who retreated as they were disturbed by the Aindra astra of Arjuna and also because it was evening (tad aindram astram…asahyam udvīkṣya…//athāpayānaṁ…bāhlikāś ca/cakrur niśāṁ saṁdhigatāṁ samīkṣya) 6. 55. 127-128;

(9) On the fourth day of war, Bāhlikas were among those who followed Bhīṣma when he marched against the Pāṇḍava army (taṁ droṇaduryodhanabāhlikāś ca…anuyayuḥ samantāt) 6. 56. 2;

(10) On the sixth day of war, Kṛtavarman, with Kāmbojas, Āraṭṭas and Bāhlikas, stood at the head of the Krauñcavyūha of the Kauravas (sahitaḥ kāmbojāraṭṭabāhlikaiḥ/śirasy āsīt) 6. 71. 16;

(11) On the seventh day of war, Bhīṣma mentioned Bāhlika king and his Bāhlika warriors who came to fight for Duryodhana (bāhlikaḥ saha bāhlikaiḥ/…tvadarthe yoddhum udyatāḥ) 6. 77. 3, 6;

(12) Bhīma killed horses from Āraṭṭa country forming the army of Jayadratha (jaghāna vāhān samare samastān āraṭṭajān sindhurājasya) 6. 81. 31;

(13) Āraṭṭa horses, both landbred and Sindhu-bred, mentioned among other horses who formed the army of Irāvān when he attacked Kaurava army (āraṭṭānāṁ mahījānāṁ sindhujānāṁ ca sarvaśaḥ/ …hayaiḥ…pāṇḍavasya suto balī/abhyavartata tat sainyaṁ) 6. 86. 3, 5;

(14) On the ninth day of war, king Bāhlika with his Bāhlika warriors surrounded Arjuna (bāhlikaś ca sabāhlikaḥ/…pārthasyāvārayan diśaḥ) 6. 98. 24;

(15) On the tenth day of war, Bāhlikas were among those who, when encouraged by Duryodhana, attacked Arjuna to protect Bhīṣma (bāhlikā daradāś caiva…abhipetū raṇe pārtham) 6. 112. 109-110;

(16) On the twelfth day of war, Bāhli-bred horses, yoked to the chariot of Kṣatradeva, son of Śikhaṇḍin, brought him on the battlefield (bāhlijātāḥ svalaṁkṛtāḥ/…kṣatradevam udāvahan) 7. 22. 18;

(17) Abhimanyu killed excellent Āraṭṭa- and Bāhlika-bred horses (āraṭṭabāhlikān/…nipātayann aśvavarān) 7. 35. 36-39;

(18) Bāhlikas were killed by Arjuna on the fourteenth day of war while he inched forward towards Jayadratha (puṇḍrāś ca saha bāhlikaiḥ/… dhanaṁjayaḥ…aśātayat sarvān) 7. 68. 42, 44;

(19) Sātyaki pointed out to his charioteer the large army of Bāhlikas stationed immediately behind the army of the southerners and near the large army of Karṇa; he advised his charioteer to find an opening and steer his chariot clear through that army (dākṣiṇātyaṁ mahābalam/tadanantaram etac ca bāhlikānāṁ balaṁ mahat/ bāhlikābhyāśato yuktaṁ karṇasyāpi mahad balam//…etadantaram āsādya codayāśvān prahṛṣṭavat) 7. 88. 30-31, 33; Bāhlīkas, led by Duryodhana, attacked Sātyaki in his onward march to meet Arjuna (duryodhanapurogamāḥ/śakāḥ kāmbojabāhlīkāḥ…// …abhyadravanta śaineyam) 7. 97. 13-14; Sātyaki killed many excellent horses coming from Āraṭṭa and Bāhlīka country (kāmbojāraṭṭabāhlikān/tathā hayavarān rājan nijaghne tatra sātyakiḥ//) 7. 97. 26;

(20) Yudhiṣṭhira killed many Bāhlīka and Āraṭṭa warriors (bāhlīkān…/nikṛtya pṛthivīṁ rājā cakre śoṇitakardamām//yaudheyāraṭṭarājanyamadrakāṇāṁ gaṇān yudhi/prāhiṇot mṛtyulokāya…yudhiṣṭhiraḥ//) 7. 132, 24-25;

(21) During the night war, Arjuna killed many Āraṭṭa Kṣatriyas (yaudheyāraṭṭarājanyān…yudhi/prāhiṇon mṛtyulokāya kirīṭī) 7. 136. 5;

(22) Afraid, Bāhlikas respected Karṇa's lack of confusion while fighting with Ghaṭotkaca (tato bhītāḥ samudaikṣanta karṇaṁ…bāhlikāś ca/asaṁmohaṁ pūjayanto 'sya saṁkhye) 7. 154. 45;

(23) On the fifteenth day of war, Dhṛṣṭadyumna scattered away Bāhlīkas protecting Droṇa (sa…bāhlīkān…rakṣiṣyamāṇān saṁgrāme droṇaṁ vyadhamad acyutaḥ//) 7. 165. 24;

(24) After the death of Droṇa, Kṛtavarman, surrounded by Āraṭṭa and Bāhlika warriors left the battlefield with their swift horses (kaliṅgāraṭṭabāhlikaiḥ/kṛtavarmā vṛto rājan prāyāt sujavanair hayaiḥ//) 7. 165. 79;

(25) Saṁjaya told Dhṛtarāṣṭra that king Bāhlika, his grand-father (1. 90. 46), together with his Bāhlika warriors was killed by Bhīma (pitāmahas tava tathā bāhlikas saha bāhlikaiḥ/bhīmasenena vikramya gamito yamasādanam//) 8. 4. 30 (reference to 7. 132. 15);

(26) Horse-riding Bāhlīkas, fighting with śakti, prāsa and tuṇīra, along with their horses, killed by the Pāṇḍya king (saśaktiprāsatūṇīrān aśvārohān hayān api…ºbāhlīkān…krūrān saṁgrāmakarkaśān/pāṇḍyo 'karod vyasūn) 8. 15. 9-10;

(27) Karṇa told Śalya what an old Brāhmaṇa, who had lived long in Bāhlīka country and hence was conversant with their way of life, said to Dhṛtarāṣṭra while reviling the Bāhlīka country and its people (tatra vṛddhaḥ…dvijottamaḥ/bāhlīkadeśaṁ…kutsayan vākyam abravīt//… bāhlīkeṣūṣitaṁ mayā/tata eṣāṁ samācāraḥ saṁvāsād vidito mama//) 8. 30. 9, 13, 27; other Brāhmaṇas too reviled Bāhlīkas in the Kuru assembly (yad anyo 'py uktavān asmān brāhmaṇaḥ kurusaṁsadi) 8. 30. 34, 38; 8. 30. 41; (yad apy anyo 'bravīd vākyaṁ bāhlīkānāṁ vikutsitam) 8. 30. 57; Karṇa also told Śalya what he had heard about a Brāhmaṇa reviling Bāhlīkas when he was the guest of an artisan (brāhmaṇaḥ…śilpinam abravīt) 8. 30. 48-49; Karṇa told Śalya what Rākṣasa Kalmāṣapāda said about Bāhlīkas (kalmāṣapādaḥ …rākṣaso 'bravīt) 8. 30. 67;

(28) Arjuna said that he would burn Bāhlikas with the fire of his arrows (śarārciṣā gāṇḍivenāham ekaḥ/…bāhlikāṁś cābhipatya/…daheyaṁ sagaṇān prasahya) 8. 52. 32 [See Madra, and Śākala city Vol. II. 1. 5A. p. 573]


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Mahabharata Cultural Index

[सम्पाद्यताम्]

पृष्ठभागोऽयं यन्त्रेण केनचित् काले काले मार्जयित्वा यथास्रोतः परिवर्तयिष्यते। तेन मा भूदत्र शोधनसम्भ्रमः। सज्जनैः मूलमेव शोध्यताम्।

Āraṭṭa, Bāhlī¤ka : m. (pl.): Name of a country and its people; also referred to as Pañcanada (8. 30. 62, 65-66, 74), Āraṭṭaka (8. 30. 74), Bāhlī¤ (2. 47. 22; 5. 84. 6; 13. 106. 16), Jartika (8. 30. 14); perhaps also as Bāhyālaya (? 8. 30. 61).


A. Name: Āraṭṭa (āraṭṭā nāma te deśāḥ) 8. 30. 36; (āraṭṭajān) 6. 81. 31; Bāhlīka (bāhlīkadeśam) 8. 30. 9; Bāhli (bāhlijātānām 13. 106. 16; bāhlijātaiḥ 5. 84. 6); Āraṭṭa and Bāhlīka identified (āraṭṭā nāma bāhlīkāḥ) 8. 30. 40, 43; as people, the two are enumerated separately (āraṭṭabāhlikaiḥ) 6. 71. 16; 7. 35. 36; 7. 97. 26; 7. 132. 24; 7. 165. 79; once they are distinguished-Āraṭṭa as the name of the country, Bāhlīka, as the name of the people (āraṭṭā nāma te deśā bahlīkā nāma te janāḥ) 8. 30. 47; for Bāhlīka as name of the people, cf. Śalya is called bāhlīkapuṁgavaḥ 1. 61. 6; Somadatta as bāhlikānāṁ ṛṣabhaḥ 5. 30. 19; but the people are also called Āraṭṭaka 8. 30. 74, or simply Āraṭṭa 6. 71. 16, Āraṭṭā (f.) 8. 30. 58; name Bāhlī¤ for Bāhlīka, probably due to metrical reasons 2. 47. 22; 13. 106. 16; since the country was marked by five rivers (see Section


C. Location below), it was also known as Pañcanada 8. 30. 62, 74; (dharmaṁ pāñcanadam) 8. 30. 65-66; name Bāhyālaya is doubtful; the text reads prāyo bāhyā layād ṛte (8. 30. 61) (Arjunamiśra explains prāyo bāhyā yathoktapradeśabahirbhūtāḥ/layāt madradeśāt, see Cr. Ed. Vol. 10, p. 267, Cr. App. for 8. 30. 61); perhaps the text is to be read as bāhyālayād ṛte 'except those who have their residence outside (the countries Kurus, Pāñcālas etc. just mentioned before); also cf. Editor's note on the stanza Cr. Ed. Vol. 10. p. 687).


B. Explanation of the name: A certain Brāhmaṇa had informed the Kuru assembly that there were two Piśācas named Bahi and Hlīka living on the river Vipāśā; Bāhlikas were their progeny; they were not Prajāpati's creation (yad anyo 'py uktavān sabhyo brāhmaṇaḥ kurusaṁsadi/…bahiś ca nāma hlīkaś ca vipāśāyāṁ piśācakau/tayor apatyaṁ bāhlīkā naiṣā sṛṣṭiḥ prajāpateḥ// 8. 30. 41, 44; (of the two Piśācas, Bahi was female, Hlīka, male, see Cr. Ed. Vol. 10 p. 687).


C. Location:

(1) Listed by Saṁjaya among the northern Janapadas of the Bhāratavarṣa (ata ūrdhvaṁ janapadān nibodha gadato mama) 6. 10. 37; 5; (śaivalā bāhlikās tathā) 6. 10. 52; (bāhlikās…ete janapadā rājan) 6. 46. 50; Arjuna subdued them in his expedition to the north of Indraprastha (prayayāv uttarāṁ tasmād diśam) 2. 24. 1;

(2) The Bāhlīka country was discarded by Himavant, despised by Gaṅgā, Sarasvatī, Yamunā and Kurukṣetra (bāhlīkadeśaṁ…bahiṣkṛtā himavatā gāṅgayā ca tiraskṛtāḥ/sarasvatyā yamunayā kurukṣetreṇa cāpi ye//) 8. 30. 9-10;

(3) The Āraṭṭa-Bāhlīka country was watered by five rivers viz. Śatadru, Vipāśā, Irāvatī, Candrabhāgā, and Vitastā with Sindhu as the sixth (pañca nadyo vahanty etā…/śatadruś ca vipāśā ca tṛtīyerāvatī tathā/ candrabhāgā vitastā ca sindhuṣaṣṭhā bahirgatāḥ//āraṭṭā nāma te deśāḥ) 8. 30. 3536; pañcānāṁ sindhuṣaṣṭhānāṁ nadīnām ye 'ntarāśritāḥ/tān…bāhlīkān) 8. 30. 11; pañca nadyo vahanty etā yatra niḥsṛtya parvatāt/āraṭṭā nāma bāhlīkāḥ) 8. 30. 43; one had to cross the rivers Śatadruka and Irāvatī to reach Bāhlīka from Kuru country (śatadrukanadīṁ tīrtvā tāṁ ca ramyām irāvatīm/gatvā svadeśam) 8. 30. 19, 21.


D. Its Capital: Its chief town was Śākala (śākalaṁ nāma nagaram) 8. 30. 14; hence its people known as Śākalāvant (8. 30. 33); at the gate of the royal residence there was a vaṭa tree known as Govardhana and a quadrangular place named Subhāṇḍa (govardhano nāma vaṭaḥ subhāṇḍaṁ nāma catvaram/etad rājakuladvāram) 8. 30. 12 (see Govardhana Vol. I. p. 350, Śākala Vol. II. pp. 573-594 and Subhāṇḍa Vol. II. p. 580 where read Govardhanavaṭa in place of Śudarśanavaṭa).


E. Its river and forests: The name of the river flowing through the capital was Āpagā (āpagā nāma nimnagā) 8. 30. 14; in Bāhlīka country there were forests of Śamī, Pīlu and Karīra trees; the forests had comfortable roads (śamīpīlukarīrāṇāṁ vaneṣu sukhavartmasu) 8. 30. 24; (yatra pīluvanāny api) 8. 30. 35.


F. People: Description: Dullwitted (manda) 8. 30. 18; imprudent (acetas) 8. 30. 55; dullards (?) (pratirabdha) 8. 30. 81 (Arjunamiśra explains: pratirabdhāḥ saṁrambheṇa tāḍitāḥ santo budhyante, i. e. “will understand things when they are severely beaten”, see Critical Notes Vol. 10. p. 687; Nī. Bom. Ed. 8. 45. 37 (36 ?) reads pratirathāḥ and explains hitavādini pratikūlāḥ gurudrohiṇa ity arthaḥ); arrogant (avalipta) 8. 30. 19; ill-behaved (avinīta) 8. 30. 28; croocked (jihma) 8. 30. 60, 62; rogue (jālma) 8. 30. 40; vile (narādhama) 8. 30. 59; cruel (krūra) 8. 15. 10; (nirghṛṇa) 8. 30. 38; difficult to be assailed (durāsada) 2. 24. 21; rough in wars (saṅgrāmakarkaśa) 8. 15. 10; wicked (durātman) 8. 30. 26; robbers (stena) 8. 30. 73; despicable (vikutsita) 8. 30. 47, 57, 9; (dhig ity āha pitāmahaḥ) 8. 30. 65, 66, 74; low (hīna) 8. 30. 26; outcastes (vrātya) 8. 30. 26; indulging in sexual relationshīp with their own children (putrasaṁkarin) 8. 30. 40 (this is how the word is understood by the Editor of the Cr. Ed. (see Vol. 10, 686, note on 8. 30. 40) on the basis of Caturbhuja's commentary where we read avanteṣu (? apatyeṣu) utpāditāpatyāḥ; Arjunamiśra reads putrasatkāriṇaḥ and explains putrān eva satkurvanti na devabrāhmaṇādikam); dirt of the earth (malaṁ pṛthivyāḥ) 8. 30. 68; whose dharma had perished (naṣṭadharma) 8. 30. 36; (pranaṣṭadharma) 8. 30. 37; good people other than the Bāhlīkas know eternal dharma (dharmaṁ jānanti śāśvatam/nānādeśeṣu santaś ca prāyo bāhyā layād ṛte) 8. 30. 61; (dharmaṁ purāṇam upajīvanti santo…ṛte pañcanadāṁś ca jihmān) 8. 30. 62; there was no adharma for them (tān prati nāsty adharma āraṭṭakān pāñcanadān dhig astu) 8. 30. 74; indulging in ungratefulness, robbing others of their wealth, drinking wine, violating the bed of their teachers--this was their dharma (kṛtaghnatā paravittāpahāraḥ surāpānaṁ gurudārāvamarśaḥ/yeṣāṁ dharmaḥ) 8. 30. 74; they were thus outside the pale of religion (dharmabāhya), impure (aśuci) 8. 30. 11, and the mode of their life was highly despicable (teṣāṁ vṛttaṁ suninditam) 8. 30. 14; (teṣu vṛttaṁ kathaṁ bhavet) 8. 30. 33; gods, manes and Brāhmaṇas do not accept their offerings (na devāḥ pratigṛhṇanti pitaro brāhmaṇās tathā) 8. 30. 37; their actions are fruitless (moghacāriṇaḥ) 8. 30. 27; bereft of moral virtues (śīlavarjita) 8. 30. 15; a Brāhmaṇa had heard that in the Bāhlīka country people changed their castes, i. e. a Brāhmaṇa became first a Kṣatriya, then Vaiśya, Sūdra and barber, and again a Brāhmaṇa; having become a Brāhmaṇa he again became a Dāsa; in a family there was one Brāhmaṇa, the rest behaved as it pleased them; thus in the Bāhlīka country, quite contrary to the rest of the places, there was utter confusion as regards dharma (āgacchatā mahārāja bāhlīkeṣu niśāmitam//tatraiva brāhmaṇo bhūtvā tato bhavati kṣatriyaḥ/vaiśyaḥ śūdraś ca bāhlīkas tato bhavati nāpitaḥ//nāpitaś ca tato bhūtvā punar bhavati brāhmaṇaḥ/dvijo bhūtvā ca tatraiva punar dāso 'pi jāyate// bhavaty ekaḥ kule vipraḥ śiṣṭānye kāmacāriṇaḥ/…etan mayā śrutaṁ tatra dharmasaṁkarakārakam/kṛtsnām atitvā pṛthivīṁ bāhlīkeṣu viparyayaḥ// 8. 30. 52-56; a certain chaste woman of the Āraṭṭa country was abducted and molested by the Dasyus (of that country); she cursed them to the effect that since she was violated by them, women in their families would become wanton and that there would be no release from the sin (satī purā hṛtā kācid āraṭṭā kila dasyubhiḥ/adharmataś copayātā sā tān abhyaśapat tataḥ//bālāṁ bandhumatīṁ yan mām adharmeṇopagacchatha/ tasmān nāryo bhaviṣyanti bandhakyo vai kuleṣu vaḥ//na caivāsmāt pramokṣyadhvaṁ ghorāt pāpān narādhamāḥ//) 8. 30. 58-59; women of Bāhlīka were bright, fair, beautiful in appearance, applying red arsenic to their shining corners of eyes, using trikakuda collyrium, having large temple bones, wearing only deer-skins and were in the habit of jumping (sthūlaśaṅkhāḥ śubhāḥ striyaḥ/manaḥśilojjvalāpāṅgā gauryas trikakudāñjanāḥ//kevalājinasaṁvītāḥ kūrdantyaḥ priyadarśanāḥ//) 8. 30. 21-22; a certain Bāhlīka woman is described as large, fair, and wearing thin kambala (bṛhatī gaurī sūkṣmakambalavāsinī) 8. 30. 20; drinking and eating habits of the people of Bāhlīka described in 8. 30. 15, 30-33, 38-40, living habits in 8. 30. 1618, and travel habits in 23-25; the Bāhlīka country should be avoided by wise men; an Ārya should not live there for more than a day (āraṭṭā nāma bāhlīkā varjanīyā vipaścitā) 8. 30. 40; (bāhlīkān parivarjayet) 8. 30. 11; (āraṭṭā nāma te deśā naṣṭadharmān na tān vrajet) 8. 30. 36; (na teṣvāryo dvyahaṁ vaset) 8. 30. 43 (Nī. on Bom. Ed. 8. 44. 41: dvyaham ity ekarātravāse na doṣa ity arthaḥ).


G. Famous for:

(1) Horses: (i) Description: excellent horses (hayavara) 7. 97. 26; (hayottama) 5. 84. 6; swift, very swift (javana) 7. 35. 36; (sujavana) 7. 165. 79; having the speed of wind (vātajava) 6. 86. 5; having the speed of mind (manojava) 6. 86. 16; having speed as desired (kāmaº ºjava) 6. 86. 15; when they ran they almost flew like swans on an ocean (utpetuḥ sahasā rājan haṁsā iva mahodadhau) 6. 86. 16; they carried their riders (or they drew chariots) well (sādhuvāhin) 7. 35. 36; of one black colour (ekavarṇaiḥ sukṛṣṇaiḥ sukṛṣṇāṅgaiḥ) 5. 84. 6; lotus-coloured (padmavarṇa) 7. 22. 18; of different colours (nānāvarṇa) 6. 86. 16; of colours as desired (by riders) (kāmavarṇa) 6. 86. 15; having white spotted eyes (mallikākṣa) 7. 22. 18; having steady tails, ears and eyes (sthiravāladhikarṇākṣa) 7. 35. 36; (ii) they were well-decorated for wars (svalaṅkṛta) 7. 22. 18; having gold headornaments (kāñcanāpīḍa) 6. 86. 16; decorated with gold ornaments, protected by armours and well-equipped (suvarṇālaṁkṛtair etair varmavadbhiḥ sukalpitaiḥ) 6. 86. 5; got killed in battle (jaghāna vāhān samare…āraṭṭajān) 6. 81. 31; 8. 15. 9; (for Āraṭṭa warriors fighting from horsebacks (see


H. Epic events); (iii) different breeds: Land-bred (mahīja) originating from the region along the Sindhu river (sindhuja) 6. 86. 3; (iv) Highly-valued: Bhagīratha told Brahmadeva that he had reached Brahmaloka not because he gave as gift ten myriads of Bāhli-bred horses (vājināṁ bāhlijātānām ayutānyadadaṁ daśa …na ca tenāham āgataḥ) 13. 106. 16;

(2) Fine cloth: Different kinds: woolen, made from the hair of Raṅku deer, silken and paṭṭaja dress material which had the colour of lotus and was soft, large in size, rich in colour and (smooth to) touch: this was the speciality of the material from Bāhlī country (pramāṇarāgasparśāḍhyaṁ bāhlīcīnasamudbhavam/aurṇaṁ rāṅkavaṁ caiva kīṭajaṁ paṭṭajaṁ tathā//…kamalābhaṁ… ślakṣṇaṁ vastram) 2. 47. 22-23.


H. Epic events:

(1) Arjuna, after a tough fight, brought Bāhlīka people under control in his conquest to the north before the Rājasūya (bāhlīkān kurunandanaḥ/mahatā parimardena vaśe cakre) 2. 24. 21;

(2) Cloth of different kinds produced in Bāhlī was brought in thousands as tribute for Yudhiṣṭhira for his Rājasūya (bāhlīcīnasamudbhavam/…sahasraśaḥ…vastram) 2. 47. 22-23; see section


G. (2) above; Kṣatriyas of different regions, along with Bāhlikas, brought wealth in hundreds for Yudhiṣṭhira (bāhlikaiḥ saha/…āhārṣuḥ kṣatriyā vittaṁ śataśo 'jātaśatrave) 2. 48. 12, 16;

(3) Dhṛṣṭadyumna asked Saṁjaya to tell the Kauravas and the Bāhlīkas to behave lest they got killed by Arjuna (sabāhlīkān kurūn brūyāḥ) 5. 56. 56;

(4) On arrival of Kṛṣṇa, Dhṛtarāṣṭra wanted to present him sixteen golden chariots to each of which were yoked four excellent horses from Bāhli country (bāhlijātair hayottamaiḥ/caturyuktān rathāṁs tasmai raukmān dāsyāmi ṣoḍaśa) 5. 84. 6;

(5) Bāhlikas mentioned among those who marched out to go to Kurukṣetra (kekayā bāhlikaiḥ saha/prayayuḥ sarva evaite) 5. 196. 5; while describing the Kaurava army to Saṁjaya, Dhṛtarāṣṭra said that it was protected by Bāhlikas (guptaṁ ca …drauṇisaubalabāhlikaiḥ) 6. 72. 17-18;

(6) On the first day of war, some Bāhlīkas got ready to protect Bhīṣma (bāhlīkānām ekadeśaḥ) 6. 20. 10;

(7) On the second day of war, Bāhlikas were stationed on the right side of the Krauñcāruṇa vyūha of the Pāṇḍavas (!) (bāhlikās tittirāś caiva…dakṣiṇaṁ pakṣaṁ āśritāḥ) 6. 46. 50;

(8) Towards the end of the third day of war, Bāhlikas were among those who retreated as they were disturbed by the Aindra astra of Arjuna and also because it was evening (tad aindram astram…asahyam udvīkṣya…//athāpayānaṁ…bāhlikāś ca/cakrur niśāṁ saṁdhigatāṁ samīkṣya) 6. 55. 127-128;

(9) On the fourth day of war, Bāhlikas were among those who followed Bhīṣma when he marched against the Pāṇḍava army (taṁ droṇaduryodhanabāhlikāś ca…anuyayuḥ samantāt) 6. 56. 2;

(10) On the sixth day of war, Kṛtavarman, with Kāmbojas, Āraṭṭas and Bāhlikas, stood at the head of the Krauñcavyūha of the Kauravas (sahitaḥ kāmbojāraṭṭabāhlikaiḥ/śirasy āsīt) 6. 71. 16;

(11) On the seventh day of war, Bhīṣma mentioned Bāhlika king and his Bāhlika warriors who came to fight for Duryodhana (bāhlikaḥ saha bāhlikaiḥ/…tvadarthe yoddhum udyatāḥ) 6. 77. 3, 6;

(12) Bhīma killed horses from Āraṭṭa country forming the army of Jayadratha (jaghāna vāhān samare samastān āraṭṭajān sindhurājasya) 6. 81. 31;

(13) Āraṭṭa horses, both landbred and Sindhu-bred, mentioned among other horses who formed the army of Irāvān when he attacked Kaurava army (āraṭṭānāṁ mahījānāṁ sindhujānāṁ ca sarvaśaḥ/ …hayaiḥ…pāṇḍavasya suto balī/abhyavartata tat sainyaṁ) 6. 86. 3, 5;

(14) On the ninth day of war, king Bāhlika with his Bāhlika warriors surrounded Arjuna (bāhlikaś ca sabāhlikaḥ/…pārthasyāvārayan diśaḥ) 6. 98. 24;

(15) On the tenth day of war, Bāhlikas were among those who, when encouraged by Duryodhana, attacked Arjuna to protect Bhīṣma (bāhlikā daradāś caiva…abhipetū raṇe pārtham) 6. 112. 109-110;

(16) On the twelfth day of war, Bāhli-bred horses, yoked to the chariot of Kṣatradeva, son of Śikhaṇḍin, brought him on the battlefield (bāhlijātāḥ svalaṁkṛtāḥ/…kṣatradevam udāvahan) 7. 22. 18;

(17) Abhimanyu killed excellent Āraṭṭa- and Bāhlika-bred horses (āraṭṭabāhlikān/…nipātayann aśvavarān) 7. 35. 36-39;

(18) Bāhlikas were killed by Arjuna on the fourteenth day of war while he inched forward towards Jayadratha (puṇḍrāś ca saha bāhlikaiḥ/… dhanaṁjayaḥ…aśātayat sarvān) 7. 68. 42, 44;

(19) Sātyaki pointed out to his charioteer the large army of Bāhlikas stationed immediately behind the army of the southerners and near the large army of Karṇa; he advised his charioteer to find an opening and steer his chariot clear through that army (dākṣiṇātyaṁ mahābalam/tadanantaram etac ca bāhlikānāṁ balaṁ mahat/ bāhlikābhyāśato yuktaṁ karṇasyāpi mahad balam//…etadantaram āsādya codayāśvān prahṛṣṭavat) 7. 88. 30-31, 33; Bāhlīkas, led by Duryodhana, attacked Sātyaki in his onward march to meet Arjuna (duryodhanapurogamāḥ/śakāḥ kāmbojabāhlīkāḥ…// …abhyadravanta śaineyam) 7. 97. 13-14; Sātyaki killed many excellent horses coming from Āraṭṭa and Bāhlīka country (kāmbojāraṭṭabāhlikān/tathā hayavarān rājan nijaghne tatra sātyakiḥ//) 7. 97. 26;

(20) Yudhiṣṭhira killed many Bāhlīka and Āraṭṭa warriors (bāhlīkān…/nikṛtya pṛthivīṁ rājā cakre śoṇitakardamām//yaudheyāraṭṭarājanyamadrakāṇāṁ gaṇān yudhi/prāhiṇot mṛtyulokāya…yudhiṣṭhiraḥ//) 7. 132, 24-25;

(21) During the night war, Arjuna killed many Āraṭṭa Kṣatriyas (yaudheyāraṭṭarājanyān…yudhi/prāhiṇon mṛtyulokāya kirīṭī) 7. 136. 5;

(22) Afraid, Bāhlikas respected Karṇa's lack of confusion while fighting with Ghaṭotkaca (tato bhītāḥ samudaikṣanta karṇaṁ…bāhlikāś ca/asaṁmohaṁ pūjayanto 'sya saṁkhye) 7. 154. 45;

(23) On the fifteenth day of war, Dhṛṣṭadyumna scattered away Bāhlīkas protecting Droṇa (sa…bāhlīkān…rakṣiṣyamāṇān saṁgrāme droṇaṁ vyadhamad acyutaḥ//) 7. 165. 24;

(24) After the death of Droṇa, Kṛtavarman, surrounded by Āraṭṭa and Bāhlika warriors left the battlefield with their swift horses (kaliṅgāraṭṭabāhlikaiḥ/kṛtavarmā vṛto rājan prāyāt sujavanair hayaiḥ//) 7. 165. 79;

(25) Saṁjaya told Dhṛtarāṣṭra that king Bāhlika, his grand-father (1. 90. 46), together with his Bāhlika warriors was killed by Bhīma (pitāmahas tava tathā bāhlikas saha bāhlikaiḥ/bhīmasenena vikramya gamito yamasādanam//) 8. 4. 30 (reference to 7. 132. 15);

(26) Horse-riding Bāhlīkas, fighting with śakti, prāsa and tuṇīra, along with their horses, killed by the Pāṇḍya king (saśaktiprāsatūṇīrān aśvārohān hayān api…ºbāhlīkān…krūrān saṁgrāmakarkaśān/pāṇḍyo 'karod vyasūn) 8. 15. 9-10;

(27) Karṇa told Śalya what an old Brāhmaṇa, who had lived long in Bāhlīka country and hence was conversant with their way of life, said to Dhṛtarāṣṭra while reviling the Bāhlīka country and its people (tatra vṛddhaḥ…dvijottamaḥ/bāhlīkadeśaṁ…kutsayan vākyam abravīt//… bāhlīkeṣūṣitaṁ mayā/tata eṣāṁ samācāraḥ saṁvāsād vidito mama//) 8. 30. 9, 13, 27; other Brāhmaṇas too reviled Bāhlīkas in the Kuru assembly (yad anyo 'py uktavān asmān brāhmaṇaḥ kurusaṁsadi) 8. 30. 34, 38; 8. 30. 41; (yad apy anyo 'bravīd vākyaṁ bāhlīkānāṁ vikutsitam) 8. 30. 57; Karṇa also told Śalya what he had heard about a Brāhmaṇa reviling Bāhlīkas when he was the guest of an artisan (brāhmaṇaḥ…śilpinam abravīt) 8. 30. 48-49; Karṇa told Śalya what Rākṣasa Kalmāṣapāda said about Bāhlīkas (kalmāṣapādaḥ …rākṣaso 'bravīt) 8. 30. 67;

(28) Arjuna said that he would burn Bāhlikas with the fire of his arrows (śarārciṣā gāṇḍivenāham ekaḥ/…bāhlikāṁś cābhipatya/…daheyaṁ sagaṇān prasahya) 8. 52. 32 [See Madra, and Śākala city Vol. II. 1. 5A. p. 573]


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