सावित्री

यन्त्रोपारोपितकोशांशः

कल्पद्रुमः

पृष्ठभागोऽयं यन्त्रेण केनचित् काले काले मार्जयित्वा यथास्रोतः परिवर्तयिष्यते। तेन मा भूदत्र शोधनसम्भ्रमः। सज्जनैः मूलमेव शोध्यताम्।

सावित्री, स्त्री, शाल्वदेशीयसत्यवद्राजपत्नी । सा तु मद्रदेशीयाश्वपतिराजकन्या ॥ (अस्या विशेष- विवरणन्तु महाभारते वनपर्व्वणि २९२ अध्याय- मारभ्य द्रष्टव्यम् ॥ * ॥) उमा । इति मेदिनी ॥ तन्नामकरणं यथा, -- “त्रिदशैरर्च्चिता देवी वेदयोगेषु पूजिता । भावशुद्धस्वरूपा तु सावित्री तेन सा स्मृता ॥” इति देवीपुराणे ४४ अध्यायः ॥ अपि च । “सर्व्वलोकप्रसवनात् सविता स तु कीर्त्त्यते । यतस्तद्देवता देवी सावित्रीत्युच्यते ततः । वेदप्रसवनाच्चापि सावित्री प्रोच्यते बुधैः ॥” इति वह्निपुराणे ब्राह्मणप्रशंसानामाध्यायः ॥ गायत्त्री । इति त्रिकाण्डशेषः ॥ * ॥ (उप- नयनकर्म्म । यथा, मनुः । २ । ३८ । “आ षोडशात् ब्राह्मणस्य सावित्री नातिवर्त्तते । आ द्वाविंशात् क्षत्रबन्धोरा चतुर्व्विंशतेर्व्विशः ॥” “सावित्रीशब्देन तदनुवचनसाधनमुपनयनाख्यं कर्म्म लक्ष्यते ।” इति मेधातिथिः ॥) ब्रह्मपत्नी । सा तु सवितुः पृश्न्यां पत्न्यां जाता । अस्या उत्पत्तिनामान्तराणि यथा, -- “ततः संजपतस्तस्य भित्त्वा देहमकल्मषम् । स्त्रीरूपमर्द्धमकरोदर्द्धं पुरुषरूपवत् ॥ शतरूपा च सा ख्याता सावित्री च निगद्यते । सरस्वत्यथ गायत्त्री ब्रह्माणी च परन्तप ॥” इति मात्स्ये । ३ । ३० -- ३२ ॥ * ॥ तस्या शतनामानि यथा, -- विष्णुरुवाच । “सावित्री पुष्करे नाम तीर्थानां प्रवरे शुभे । वाराणस्यां विशालाक्षी नैमिषे लिङ्गधारिणी । मयागे ललिता देवी कामुका गन्धमादने । मानसे कुमुदा नाम विश्वकाया तथाम्बरे ॥ गोमते गोमती नाम मन्दारे कामचारिणी । मदोत्कटी चैत्ररथे जयन्ती हस्तिनापुरे ॥ कान्यकुब्जे तथा गौरी रम्भा मलयपर्व्वते । एकाम्रके कीर्त्तिमती विश्वा विश्वेश्वरे तथा ॥ जवा वराहशैले तु कमला कमलालये । रुद्रकोट्यान्तु रुद्राणी काली कालञ्जरे गिरौ ॥ महालिङ्गे तु कपिला कर्क्कोटे मुकुटेश्वरी । शालग्रामे महादेवी शिवलिङ्गे जनप्रिया ॥ नीलोत्पला मायापुर्य्यां सन्दन्ती ललिते तथा । उत्पलाक्षी साहस्राक्षे हिरण्याक्षी महोत्पले ॥ गङ्गायां मङ्गला नाम विमला पुरुषोत्तमे । विशालायाममोघाक्षी पाण्डला पाण्डुपर्व्वते ॥ नारायणी सुपार्श्वे तु त्रिकूटे रुद्रसुन्दरी । विपुले विपुला नाम कल्याणी मलयाचले ॥ कोटरी कोटरीतीर्थे सगन्धा गन्धमादने । कुजाम्रके त्रिसन्ध्या तु गङ्गाद्वारे हरिप्रिया ॥ तत्पश्चात् पूजयामासर्व्वर्णाश्चत्वार एव च ॥” इति ब्रह्मवैवर्त्ते प्रकृतिखण्डे । २३ । १ -- ४ ॥

Apte

पृष्ठभागोऽयं यन्त्रेण केनचित् काले काले मार्जयित्वा यथास्रोतः परिवर्तयिष्यते। तेन मा भूदत्र शोधनसम्भ्रमः। सज्जनैः मूलमेव शोध्यताम्।

सावित्री [sāvitrī], 1 A ray of light.

N. of a celebrated verse of the Rigveda, so called because it is addressed to the sun; it is also called गायत्री; q.v. for further information.

The ceremony of investiture with the sacred thread; आ षोडशाद् ब्राह्मणस्य सावित्री नातिवर्तते Ms.2.38.

N. of a wife of Brahman.

N. of Pārvatī.

N. of a wife of Kaśyapa.

An epithet of Sūryā (daughter of Savitṛi).

N. of the wife of Satyavat, king of Sālva. [She was the only daughter of king Aśvapati. She was so lovely that all the suitors that came to woo her were repulsed by her superior lustre, and thus though she reached a marriageable age, she found no one ready to espouse her. At last her father asked her to go and find out a husband of her own choice. She did so, and having made her selection returned to her father, and told him that she had chosen Satyavat, son of Dyumatsena, king of Sālva, who being driven out from his kingdom was then leading a hermit's life along with his wife. When Nārada, who happened to be present there, heard this, he told her as well as Aśvapati that he was very sorry to hear of the choice she had made, for though Satyavat was in every way worthy of her, yet he was fated to die in a year from that date, and in choosing him, therefore, Sāvitrī would be only choosing life-long widow-hood and misery. Her parents, therfore, naturally tried to dissuade her mind, but the high-souled maiden told them that her choice was unalterably fixed. Accordingly the marriage took place in due time, and Sāvitrī laid aside her jewels and rich apparel, and putting on the coarse garments of hermits, spent her time in serving her old father and mother-in-law. Still, though outwardly happy, she could not forget the words of Nārada, and as she counted, the days seemed to fly swifitly like moments, and the fated time, when her husband was to die, drew near. 'I have yet three days' thought she, 'and for these three days I shall observe a rigid fast.' She maintained her vow, and on the fourth day, when Satyavat was about to go to the woods to bring sacrificial fuel, she accompanied him. After having collected some fuel, Satyavat, being fatigued, sat down, and reposing his head on the bosom of Sāvitrī fell asleep. Just then Yama came down, snatched off his soul, and proceeded towards the south. Sāvitrī saw this and followed the god who told her to return as her husband's term of life was over. But the faithful wife besought Yama in so pathetic a strain that he granted her boon after boon, except the life of her husband, until, being quite subdued by her devotion to her husband and the force of her eloquent appeal, the god relented and restored even the spirit of Satyavat to her. Delighted she returned, and found her husband as if roused from a deep sleep, and informing him of all that had occurred, went to the hermitage of her father-in-law who soon reaped the fruits of the boons of Yama. Sāvitrī is regarded as the beau ideal or highest pattern of conjugal fidelity, and a young married woman is usually blessed by elderly females with the words जन्मसावित्री भव, thus placing before her the example of Sāvitrī for lifelong imitation.] -Comp. -पतितः, -परिभ्रष्टः a man of any one of the first three castes not invested with the sacred thread at the proper time; cf. व्रात्य; सावित्रीपतिता व्रात्या व्रात्यस्तोमादृते क्रतोः Y.1.38; Ms.2.39; तान् सावित्रीपरिभ्रष्टान् व्रात्यानिति विनि- र्दिशेत् Ms.1.2. -व्रतम् N. of a particular fast kept by Hindu women on the last three days of the bright half of Jyeṣṭha to preserve them from widowhood. -सूत्रम् the sacred thread (यज्ञोपवीत).

Monier-Williams

पृष्ठभागोऽयं यन्त्रेण केनचित् काले काले मार्जयित्वा यथास्रोतः परिवर्तयिष्यते। तेन मा भूदत्र शोधनसम्भ्रमः। सज्जनैः मूलमेव शोध्यताम्।

सावित्री f. See. below

सावित्री f. a verse or prayer addressed to सवितृor the Sun ( esp. the celebrated verse RV. iii , 62 , 10 ; also called गायत्रीSee. ) AitBr. etc.

सावित्री f. initiation as a member of the three twice-born classes by reciting the above verse and investing with the sacred thread(See. under सावित्र, and उप-नयन) Gaut. Mn. MBh. etc.

सावित्री f. a partic. form of the गायत्रीmetre Ked.

सावित्री f. N. of सूर्याor a daughter of सवितृAV. Br. MBh. etc.

सावित्री f. N. of the wife of ब्रह्मा(sometimes regarded as the above verse deified or as the mystical mother of the three twice-born classes , or as the daughter of सवितृby his wife पृश्नि) MBh. Katha1s. etc.

सावित्री f. of a wife of शिवL.

सावित्री f. of a manifestation of प्रकृतिCat.

सावित्री f. of the wife of सत्य-वत्(king of शाल्व; she was daughter of अश्व-पति, king of मद्र, and is regarded as a type of conjugal love ; her story is the subject of a fine episode of the महा-भारत; See. सावित्र्युपा-ख्यान) MBh. R. BhP.

सावित्री f. of the wife of धर्म(daughter of दक्ष) VP.

सावित्री f. of the wife of कश्यपCat.

सावित्री f. of the wife of भोज(king of धारा) ib.

सावित्री f. of a daughter of अष्टावक्रKatha1s.

सावित्री f. of the यमुनाriver Ba1lar.

सावित्री f. of the सरस्वतीR.

सावित्री f. of another river BhP.

सावित्री f. a ray of light , solar ray W.

सावित्री f. the ring-finger L.

Purana index

पृष्ठभागोऽयं यन्त्रेण केनचित् काले काले मार्जयित्वा यथास्रोतः परिवर्तयिष्यते। तेन मा भूदत्र शोधनसम्भ्रमः। सज्जनैः मूलमेव शोध्यताम्।

(I)--a R. in प्लक्षद्वीप. भा. V. २०. 4.

(II)--the daughter of सवित्री: सती compared to her by दक्ष. भा. VI. १८. 1; IV. 2. ११.

(III)--the initiating मन्त्र: the study of; फलकम्:F1:  भा. VIII. १८. १४; III. १२. ४२; वा. ७७. २१.फलकम्:/F the sole property of Brahmans. फलकम्:F2:  Ib. १०६. ५८; १०९. २१.फलकम्:/F [page३-595+ ३४]

(IV)--ब्रह्मा contemplated her in his mind when engaged in creation; at that time a being half male and half female broke through his body and it was named शतरूपा; फलकम्:F1:  M. 3. ३०.फलकम्:/F also called सरस्वती, गायत्री and ब्रह्माणी; फलकम्:F2:  Ib. 4. १०; १८७. ४५; २६०. ४४.फलकम्:/F विश्वरूपा with two feet; came out by cutting through the head of ब्रह्मा. फलकम्:F3:  वा. २३. ७८, ९१.फलकम्:/F

(V)--the Goddess worshipped by King अश्वपति. M. २०८. 6.

(VI)--the daughter of अश्वपति and मालती, mar- ried सत्यवान्. नारद spoke to her of his short life: Followed him to the forest knowing that his end was nearing. Enjoyed his company seeing the fauna and flora there: saw him un- conscious when cutting fuel, फलकम्:F1:  M. Chh. २०८-9.फलकम्:/F saw the Lord of death and begged him on her knees to let him live. Yama granted her a boon which she would desire. Her first was that her father-in-law should get back his sight and his kingdom. Though granted, she pursued Yama to free her husband and praised the god's glory. She was asked to name another boon and that was to bless her father with a number of sons. It was granted. Yama asked her to get back. She did not feel weary and pursued him. Her third request was to grant her one hundred sons. Her continuous praise and earnest- ness pleased the god who restored her husband back to life. She returned to the place where the body of सत्यवान् lay, with him she went home, found Dyumatsena enjoying his regained eye-sight and people requesting him to take up the kingship again. Lived long and happy. फलकम्:F2:  Ib. Chh. २१०-4.फलकम्:/F

Purana Encyclopedia

पृष्ठभागोऽयं यन्त्रेण केनचित् काले काले मार्जयित्वा यथास्रोतः परिवर्तयिष्यते। तेन मा भूदत्र शोधनसम्भ्रमः। सज्जनैः मूलमेव शोध्यताम्।

Sāvitrī^1 : f.: Name of a mantra (ṚV, 3. 62. 10) so called because it is related to god Savitṛ; also called Gāyatrī (3. 83. 27: 6. 5. 18-19) because the mantra is composed in the Gāyatrī metre.


A. Description: holy (puṇyā) 6. 5. 18; best (uttamā) 13. 145. 27; having all qualities (sarvaguṇānvitā) 6. 5. 18; enabling the reciter to get over difficult situations (durgataraṇī) 2. 11. 25; highly honoured in the worlds (lokasaṁmatā) 6. 5. 18.


B. Importance and significance: Sāvitrī was considered to be the beginning of all sciences (ādir iṣyate/sāvitrī sarvavidyānām) 14. 44. 4-5; the nineteen classes of beings (7 grāmya paśus, 7 āraṇya paśus, 5 udbhijjas) and the five mahābhūtas, which make a total of twenty-four are identified with (the twenty-four syllables of) the Gāyatrī (eṣāṁ viṁśatir ekonā mahābhūteṣu pañcasu/caturviṁśatir uddiṣṭā gāyatrī lokasaṁmatā//) 6. 5. 15-18.


C. Its close assocication with the Vedas used for a simile: As the Sāvitrī mantra does not forsake the Vedas, so did Yājñasenī (Draupadī) not forsake the Pāṇḍavas 3. 80. 4.


D. Relationship with deities:

(1) Savitṛ: Sāvitrī was (first) pronounced in the east by god Savitṛ to the brahmavādins 5. 106. 10; 3. 110. 5 (? sāvitrīṁ savitā yathā (dadau));

(2) Nārāyaṇa: On the Śveta Dvīpa, Nārada saw oṁkāra, followed by Sāvitrī, coming out of the mouth of Nārāyaṇa 12. 326. 7;

(3) Śiva: when Rudra got ready to destroy the Tripuras he made the Vedas his bow and the Sāvitrī mantra his bow-string 13 145. 27;


E. Personification:

(1) Sāvitrī, in bodily form, present in the Sabhā of Brahmadeva 2. 11. 25; Sāvitrī, along with the Vedas and the Upaniṣads attended the sacrifice of Śiva when he had assumed the form of Varuṇa 13. 85. 6.


F. Uses:

(1) In śrāddha: One should attentively recite the Sāvitrī prayer at each oblation given to the manes at the śrāddha (brūyāc chrāddhe ca sāvitrīṁ piṇḍe piṇḍe samāhitaḥ) 13. 92. 14; (cf. Śāṅkh Gṛ. Sū. 4. 1. 8 for a slightly different use: bhuñjāneṣu mahāvyāhṛtīḥ sāvitrīm madhuvātīyāḥ pitṛdevatyāḥ pāvamānīś ca japet);

(2) for use as a test (?): If a person born of a mixture of castes recites Gāyatrī at the renowned tīrtha called Gāyatryāḥ sthānam it sounds like a gāthā (a non-Vedic stanza) or an ordinary song. This was a direct proof available for a Brāhmaṇa to prove that he was not of mixed origin (nidarśanaṁ ca pratyakṣaṁ brāhmaṇānāṁ narādhipa/gāyatrīṁ paṭhate yas tu yonisaṁkarajas tathā/gāthā vā gītikā vāpi tasya saṁpadyate nṛpa// Nī., however, on Bom. Ed. 3. 85. 29: nidarśānam udāharaṇam);

(3) As a benediction: Jāmbavatī invoked Sāvitrī mantra for the protection of Kṛṣṇa when he set out for the Himavant to meet Śiva (sāvitrī brahmavidyā ca ṛtavo vatsarāḥ kṣapāḥ/…rakṣantu sarvatra gataṁ tvām yādava sukhāvaham// 13. 14. 22-23).


G. Qualifications and rewards obtained by its knowledge and recitation: Brāhmaṇas who know Sāvitrī, so also the one who recites Sāvitrī three times a day, are worthy of being invited for a śrāddha (sāvitrījñāḥ kriyāvantas te rājan ketanakṣamāḥ) 13. 24. 25, (sāvitrīṁ japate yas tu trikālam…sa rājan ketanakṣamaḥ) 13. 24. 28; one who recites Sāvitrī on a sacred spot, eating limited food, not injuring others, alert (? amandakaḥ), not talking to any one is freed of all sins 12. 36. 33 (Nī., however, on Bom. Ed. 12. 35. 37: manda iva mandakaḥ rāgadveṣamānāpamānaśūnyaḥ); one who knows the real nature of Gāyatrī (i. e. the identification of its 24 syllables with 19 kinds of beings and 5 mahābhūtas) is never deprived of the world due to him (ya etāṁ veda gāyatrīṁ… tattvena bharataśreṣṭha sa lokān na praṇaśyati) 6. 5. 19. [See Sāvitrī^2, Bhāratasāvitrī ]


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Sāvitrī^2 : f.: Name of a mantra related to god Savitṛ.

The mantra is recited in the ceremony to be performed after the birth of a child and before cutting the navel string; at that time the Sāvitrī mantra is the child's mother and the teacher is its father (prāṅnābhivardhanāt puṁso jātakarma vidhīyate/tatrāsya mātā sāvitrī pitā tv ācārya ucyate) 3. 177. 29 (cf. Āśva. Gṛ. Sū. 1. 15. 1: pra te dadāmi madhuno ghṛtasya vedaṁ savitrā prasūtaṁ maghonām/āyuṣmān gupto devatābhih śataṁ jīva śarado loke asmin; Śāṅkh. Gṛ. Sū. 1. 24. 4: pra te yacchāmi madhuman makhāya vedaṁ prasūtaṁ savitrā maghonā/…). [See Sāvitrī^1 ]


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Mahabharata Cultural Index

पृष्ठभागोऽयं यन्त्रेण केनचित् काले काले मार्जयित्वा यथास्रोतः परिवर्तयिष्यते। तेन मा भूदत्र शोधनसम्भ्रमः। सज्जनैः मूलमेव शोध्यताम्।

Sāvitrī^1 : f.: Name of a mantra (ṚV, 3. 62. 10) so called because it is related to god Savitṛ; also called Gāyatrī (3. 83. 27: 6. 5. 18-19) because the mantra is composed in the Gāyatrī metre.


A. Description: holy (puṇyā) 6. 5. 18; best (uttamā) 13. 145. 27; having all qualities (sarvaguṇānvitā) 6. 5. 18; enabling the reciter to get over difficult situations (durgataraṇī) 2. 11. 25; highly honoured in the worlds (lokasaṁmatā) 6. 5. 18.


B. Importance and significance: Sāvitrī was considered to be the beginning of all sciences (ādir iṣyate/sāvitrī sarvavidyānām) 14. 44. 4-5; the nineteen classes of beings (7 grāmya paśus, 7 āraṇya paśus, 5 udbhijjas) and the five mahābhūtas, which make a total of twenty-four are identified with (the twenty-four syllables of) the Gāyatrī (eṣāṁ viṁśatir ekonā mahābhūteṣu pañcasu/caturviṁśatir uddiṣṭā gāyatrī lokasaṁmatā//) 6. 5. 15-18.


C. Its close assocication with the Vedas used for a simile: As the Sāvitrī mantra does not forsake the Vedas, so did Yājñasenī (Draupadī) not forsake the Pāṇḍavas 3. 80. 4.


D. Relationship with deities:

(1) Savitṛ: Sāvitrī was (first) pronounced in the east by god Savitṛ to the brahmavādins 5. 106. 10; 3. 110. 5 (? sāvitrīṁ savitā yathā (dadau));

(2) Nārāyaṇa: On the Śveta Dvīpa, Nārada saw oṁkāra, followed by Sāvitrī, coming out of the mouth of Nārāyaṇa 12. 326. 7;

(3) Śiva: when Rudra got ready to destroy the Tripuras he made the Vedas his bow and the Sāvitrī mantra his bow-string 13 145. 27;


E. Personification:

(1) Sāvitrī, in bodily form, present in the Sabhā of Brahmadeva 2. 11. 25; Sāvitrī, along with the Vedas and the Upaniṣads attended the sacrifice of Śiva when he had assumed the form of Varuṇa 13. 85. 6.


F. Uses:

(1) In śrāddha: One should attentively recite the Sāvitrī prayer at each oblation given to the manes at the śrāddha (brūyāc chrāddhe ca sāvitrīṁ piṇḍe piṇḍe samāhitaḥ) 13. 92. 14; (cf. Śāṅkh Gṛ. Sū. 4. 1. 8 for a slightly different use: bhuñjāneṣu mahāvyāhṛtīḥ sāvitrīm madhuvātīyāḥ pitṛdevatyāḥ pāvamānīś ca japet);

(2) for use as a test (?): If a person born of a mixture of castes recites Gāyatrī at the renowned tīrtha called Gāyatryāḥ sthānam it sounds like a gāthā (a non-Vedic stanza) or an ordinary song. This was a direct proof available for a Brāhmaṇa to prove that he was not of mixed origin (nidarśanaṁ ca pratyakṣaṁ brāhmaṇānāṁ narādhipa/gāyatrīṁ paṭhate yas tu yonisaṁkarajas tathā/gāthā vā gītikā vāpi tasya saṁpadyate nṛpa// Nī., however, on Bom. Ed. 3. 85. 29: nidarśānam udāharaṇam);

(3) As a benediction: Jāmbavatī invoked Sāvitrī mantra for the protection of Kṛṣṇa when he set out for the Himavant to meet Śiva (sāvitrī brahmavidyā ca ṛtavo vatsarāḥ kṣapāḥ/…rakṣantu sarvatra gataṁ tvām yādava sukhāvaham// 13. 14. 22-23).


G. Qualifications and rewards obtained by its knowledge and recitation: Brāhmaṇas who know Sāvitrī, so also the one who recites Sāvitrī three times a day, are worthy of being invited for a śrāddha (sāvitrījñāḥ kriyāvantas te rājan ketanakṣamāḥ) 13. 24. 25, (sāvitrīṁ japate yas tu trikālam…sa rājan ketanakṣamaḥ) 13. 24. 28; one who recites Sāvitrī on a sacred spot, eating limited food, not injuring others, alert (? amandakaḥ), not talking to any one is freed of all sins 12. 36. 33 (Nī., however, on Bom. Ed. 12. 35. 37: manda iva mandakaḥ rāgadveṣamānāpamānaśūnyaḥ); one who knows the real nature of Gāyatrī (i. e. the identification of its 24 syllables with 19 kinds of beings and 5 mahābhūtas) is never deprived of the world due to him (ya etāṁ veda gāyatrīṁ… tattvena bharataśreṣṭha sa lokān na praṇaśyati) 6. 5. 19. [See Sāvitrī^2, Bhāratasāvitrī ]


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Sāvitrī^2 : f.: Name of a mantra related to god Savitṛ.

The mantra is recited in the ceremony to be performed after the birth of a child and before cutting the navel string; at that time the Sāvitrī mantra is the child's mother and the teacher is its father (prāṅnābhivardhanāt puṁso jātakarma vidhīyate/tatrāsya mātā sāvitrī pitā tv ācārya ucyate) 3. 177. 29 (cf. Āśva. Gṛ. Sū. 1. 15. 1: pra te dadāmi madhuno ghṛtasya vedaṁ savitrā prasūtaṁ maghonām/āyuṣmān gupto devatābhih śataṁ jīva śarado loke asmin; Śāṅkh. Gṛ. Sū. 1. 24. 4: pra te yacchāmi madhuman makhāya vedaṁ prasūtaṁ savitrā maghonā/…). [See Sāvitrī^1 ]


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Vedic Rituals Hindi

पृष्ठभागोऽयं यन्त्रेण केनचित् काले काले मार्जयित्वा यथास्रोतः परिवर्तयिष्यते। तेन मा भूदत्र शोधनसम्भ्रमः। सज्जनैः मूलमेव शोध्यताम्।

सावित्री स्त्री.
(सवितृ + अण् + ङीप्) तत्सवितुर्वरेण्यं भर्गो-- --’ ऋ.वे. 5.8.2.1 ऋचा का नाम। इसके तीन चरणों का प्रयोग उद्गाता द्वारा क्रमशः तीन भागों में मधुपर्क का भक्षण करते समय किया जाता है, श्रौ.को. (अं.) I.31०; ला.श्रौ.सू. 1.2.1।