सौभ

यन्त्रोपारोपितकोशांशः

कल्पद्रुमः

पृष्ठभागोऽयं यन्त्रेण केनचित् काले काले मार्जयित्वा यथास्रोतः परिवर्तयिष्यते। तेन मा भूदत्र शोधनसम्भ्रमः। सज्जनैः मूलमेव शोध्यताम्।

सौभम्, क्ली, हरिश्चन्द्रपुरम् । इति त्रिकाण्डशेषः ॥ तत्पर्य्यायः । कामचारिपुरम् २ । इति जटा- धरः ॥ (शाल्वराजपुरम् । यथा, महाभारते । ३ । १२ । ३३ । “हतः सौभपतिः शाल्वस्त्वया सौभश्च पाति- तम् ।” अस्य विशेषविवरणन्तु तत्रैव १४ अध्यायमारभ्य विस्तरशो द्रष्टव्यम् ॥)

वाचस्पत्यम्

पृष्ठभागोऽयं यन्त्रेण केनचित् काले काले मार्जयित्वा यथास्रोतः परिवर्तयिष्यते। तेन मा भूदत्र शोधनसम्भ्रमः। सज्जनैः मूलमेव शोध्यताम्।

सौभ¦ न॰ सुष्ठु सर्वत्र लोके भाति भा--क खार्थे अण्।

१ कामचारिणि पुरे

२ हरिश्चन्द्रनृपपुरे जटा॰। तस्य राजा अण्।

३ राजभेदे स च वासुदेवन निहतःतत्कथा भा॰ ब॰

१४ अ॰ अबधि

२२ अ॰ पर्य्यन्ते दृश्या।

शब्दसागरः

पृष्ठभागोऽयं यन्त्रेण केनचित् काले काले मार्जयित्वा यथास्रोतः परिवर्तयिष्यते। तेन मा भूदत्र शोधनसम्भ्रमः। सज्जनैः मूलमेव शोध्यताम्।

सौभ¦ n. (-भं) The city of HARIS4CHANDRA suspended in mid-air.

Apte

पृष्ठभागोऽयं यन्त्रेण केनचित् काले काले मार्जयित्वा यथास्रोतः परिवर्तयिष्यते। तेन मा भूदत्र शोधनसम्भ्रमः। सज्जनैः मूलमेव शोध्यताम्।

सौभम् [saubham], 1 N. of Hariśchandra's city (said to be suspended in air); हतः सौभपतिः शाल्वस्त्वया सौभं च पातितम् Mb.3.12.32.

N. of a town of the Śālvas; ibid.; Bhāg.1.76.12. -Comp. -पतिः, -राज् a Śālva king;ibid; यथा सौभपतिर्हतः Bhāg.1.76.1.

Monier-Williams

पृष्ठभागोऽयं यन्त्रेण केनचित् काले काले मार्जयित्वा यथास्रोतः परिवर्तयिष्यते। तेन मा भूदत्र शोधनसम्भ्रमः। सज्जनैः मूलमेव शोध्यताम्।

सौभ m. (also written शौभ)N. of the aerial city of हरि-श्चन्द्र(See. ) MBh. BhP.

सौभ m. of a town of the शल्वs MBh.

सौभ m. a king of the सौभs ib.

सौभ m. pl. N. of a people ib.

Purana index

पृष्ठभागोऽयं यन्त्रेण केनचित् काले काले मार्जयित्वा यथास्रोतः परिवर्तयिष्यते। तेन मा भूदत्र शोधनसम्भ्रमः। सज्जनैः मूलमेव शोध्यताम्।

--the magic car of iron obtained by tapas from शिव by शाल्व; made by Maya fitted with all illusory powers. भा. X. ७६. 1, 3-7; ७८. १३.

Purana Encyclopedia

पृष्ठभागोऽयं यन्त्रेण केनचित् काले काले मार्जयित्वा यथास्रोतः परिवर्तयिष्यते। तेन मा भूदत्र शोधनसम्भ्रमः। सज्जनैः मूलमेव शोध्यताम्।

Saubha^1  : nt.: Name of the city of Śālva, the demon.


A. Location: Located in the sky (khastha) 5. 47. 73; 7. 10. 14; (khe viṣaktaṁ hi tat saubham) 3. 21. 25; (vaihāyasaṁ …puram) 3. 16. 3; (divam āsthitaḥ… saubhena) 3. 15. 15; 3. 20. 27; (viyad abhyāgamat punaḥ) 3. 22. 1, 3; (saubhasthaṁ pṛthivīgatam) 3. 17. 28; (Nī. on Bom. Ed. 3. 12. 32: saubhaṁ khecaraṁ puram: on 3. 16. 15: saubhena khecareṇa pureṇa).


B. Its ruler and subjects: It was Śālva's town, ruled over by him and protected by him (śālvasya nagaraṁ saubham) 3. 15. 2; (śālvagupta) 7. 10. 14; hence Śālva was called Saubhapati 3. 13. 29; 3. 17. 1, 31; 3. 18. 19; 3. 21. 31; 3. 23. 20; Saubharāj 3. 15. 11; 3. 17. 32; 3. 18. 15; 3. 20. 12, 14, 16; Saubhādhipati 3. 180. 33; Daiteyas and Dānavas were its inhabitants, hence called Daityapura 7. 10. 14; (daiteyān…saubhanivāsinaḥ) 3. 18. 4; (yuddhaṁ…dānavaiḥ saha) 3. 15. 21; (dānavānāṁ) 3. 21. 27; (saubhāt…vibudhadviṣām) 3. 23. 1.


C. Description: Moving at will (kāmaga) 3. 15. 6, 15; (kāmagama) 3. 23. 9; difficult to be attacked (durāsada) 7. 10. 14; having the form of a peak of Meru mountain (meruśikharākāra) 3. 23. 39; it lost its lustre (when struck by the cakra of Kṛṣṇa) and its watch-towers and gateways were shattered (vyapagatatviṣ) 3. 23. 33 (Nī. on Bom. Ed. 3. 14. 6 explains saubha as: saubhaṁ suṣṭhu bhānti te subhāḥ kāñcanādayo dhātavas tajjam); (vidhvastāṭṭālagopura) 3. 23. 39; called pura 3. 16. 3; 3. 21. 18; 7. 10. 14; nagara 3. 15. 2; 3. 21. 9; 3. 23. 33.


D. Epic events: Kṛṣṇa told Yudhiṣṭhira that at the time of the game of dice he had gone to Saubha, the town of Śālva, to kill him (śālvasya nagaraṁ saubhaṁ gato 'ham) 3. 15. 2; in the absence of Kṛṣṇa, Śālva, enraged at the killing of Śiśupāla, rode his Saubha, moving at will, and attacked Dvārakā (āgataḥ kāmagaṁ saubham āruhya) 3. 15. 5-7; when Śālva did not find Kṛṣṇa in Dvārakā, he reviled Kṛṣṇa, rode his Saubha, and flew up in the sky (divam āsthitaḥ/kāmagena ca saubhena kṣiptvā mām) 3. 15. 15; therefore Kṛṣṇa, when he returned to Dvārakā from Indraprastha, left for the destruction of Saubha (tataḥ saubhavadhāyāhaṁ pratasthe) 3. 15. 19; Yudhiṣṭhira then requested Kṛṣṇa to tell him the downfall of Saubha in detail (vistareṇa… saubhasya vadham ācakṣva) 3. 16. 1; when Śālva reached Dvārakā, he besieged it on all sides, arranging his sky-moving town (all around) in battle positions (arundhat tāṁ (dvāravatīṁ purīm)…sarvataḥ…/śālvo vaihāyasaṁ cāpi tatpuraṁ vyūhya viṣṭhitaḥ//) 3. 16. 3 (Nī. on Bom. Ed. 3. 15. 3: vyūhya svarakṣāparopamardayogyaracanāviśeṣeṇa sthāpayitvā); Dvārakā was well protected when Śālva attacked it (tadā saubhasamāgame) 3. 16. 19; when Śālva's heroes were killed in battle, he (went back; but) came again in his Saubha, moving at will, to attack Dvārakā (kāmagena sa saubhena śālvaḥ punar upāgamat) 3. 17. 27; the army in Dvārakā was distressed seeing Śālva descending from sky on the earth (dṛṣṭvā śālvaṁ…saubhasthaṁ pṛthivīgatam) 3. 17. 28; Pradyumna assured his army that he would defeat in battle the Saubha with its king (Śālva) (na bhīḥ kāryā/saubharāḍ adya naśyati/…sasaubho vinaśiṣyati) 3. 17. 30-32; Pradyumna confounded all demons of the Saubha with quickly shifting the bow from palm to palm (sa…cāpaṁ viharan vai talāt talam/mohayām āsa daiteyān sarvān saubhanivāsinaḥ) 3. 18. 4; when defeated by Pradyumna, Śālva abandoned Dvārakā, rode his Saubha and flew up in the sky (saubham āsthāya…divam ācakrame) 3. 20. 27; when Kṛṣṇa, on his return to Dvārakā, learnt about the attack on Dvārakā by Śālva, he vowed to destroy the town Saubha along with Śālva (saśālvaṁ saubhanagaraṁ hantā) 3. 21. 9; when he learnt that Sālva, in his Saubha, had gone back, he pursued him (prayātaṁ saubham āsthāya) 3. 21. 15; Kṛṣṇa left for the destruction of Saubha after asking Sātyaki and others to protect Dvārakā (teṣu rakṣāṁ samādhāya prayātaḥ saubhapātane) 3. 22. 17; Śālva then in his Saubha, had taken refuge in the bay of the ocean and remained hidden in its navel (tataḥ sāgaram āsādya kukṣau tasya mahormiṇaḥ/samudranābhyāṁ śālvo 'bhūt saubham āsthāya) 3. 21. 16 (Nī. on Bom. Ed. 3. 20. 17: nābhyāṁ garbhe gupta ity arthaḥ); Kṛṣṇa's arrows could not reach the town (Saubha) (puraṁ nāsādyata śaraiḥ) 3. 21. 18; the Saubha though close to the sky appeared as if it was at a distance of only a krośa from Kṛṣṇa (khe viṣaktaṁ hi tat saubhaṁ krośamātra ivābhavat) 3. 21. 25; when Kṛṣṇa's arrows pierced the bodies of the Dānavas, there was a loud din in the Saubha (tato halahalāśabdaḥ saubhamadhye vyavardhata) 3. 21. 28; Kṛṣṇa saw Vasudeva falling down from Saubha: but after some time, Saubha, Śālva and Vasudeva disappeared; all this was māyā of Śālva (apaśyaṁ…prapatantam ahaṁ tadā/saubhāc chūrasutaṁ) 3. 22. 22; na tatra saubhaṁ na ripuṁ na śālvam paśyāmi vṛddhaṁ pitaraṁ na cāpi// tato mamāsīn manasi māyeyam) 3. 22. 2930; Kṛṣṇa then felled down the heads of the demons from the Saubha (saubhāc chirāṁsi vibudhadviṣām) 3. 23. 1; the Saubha then disappeared due to māyā of Śālva (tato nādṛśyata tadā saubhaṁ…/ antarhitaṁ māyayābhūt) 3. 23. 3; Saubha, moving at will, went to Prāgjyotiṣa and, (on its return), was seen again (tataḥ prāgjyotiṣaṁ gatvā punar eva vyadṛśyata/saubhaṁ kāmagamam) 3. 23. 9 (Nī. on Bom. Ed. 3. 22. 9: prāgjyotiṣaṁ pūrvasamudratīrasthaṁ nagaraviśeṣaṁ); Kṛṣṇa's charioteer drew his attention to Śālva, the ruler of Saubha (paśya …śālvaṁ saubhapatiṁ sthitam) 3. 23. 20; Kṛṣṇa then decided to kill Śālva and bring down Saubha (yuddhe matim adhārayam/ vadhāya śālvarājasya saubhasya ca nipātane//) 3. 23. 27; he then employed the āgneya astra on his cakra and commanded “kill Saubha and my enemies” (āgneyam astram …cakram…abhimantrya…jahi saubhaṁ svavīryeṇa ye cātra ripavo mama/ity uktvā…tasmai prāhiṇavam) 3. 23. 28. 31; the cakra struck the town Saubha and cut it into two in the middle; when the Saubha fell down the cakra came back to Kṛṣṇa's hand (tat samāsādya nagaraṁ saubham… madhyena pāṭayām āsa…/dvidhā kṛtaṁ tataḥ saubham…tasmin nipatite saubhe cakram āgāt karaṁ mama) 3. 23. 33-35; seeing the Saubha on fire, the women (of the Dānavas) fled 3. 23. 39; Kṛṣṇa steadied his chariot near the Saubha and blew his conch (tato 'haṁ samavasthāpya rathaṁ saubhasamīpataḥ śaṅkhaṁ pradhmāpya) 3. 23. 38; after killing Śālva and bringing down the Saubha, Kṛṣṇa returned to the Ānarta country (evaṁ nihatya samare śālvaṁ saubhaṁ nipātya ca/ānartān punar āgamya) 3. 23. 40; the downfall of Saubha and the killing of Śālva by Kṛṣṇa is referred to at various places:

(1) By Arjuna when he recounted the exploits of Kṛṣṇa (tvayā saubhaṁ ca pātitam) 3. 13. 29;

(2) By Arjuna again in his message to Dhṛtarāṣṭra through Saṁjaya (ayaṁ saubhaṁ yodhayām āsa khasthaṁ…saubhadvāri pratyagṛhṇāc chataghnīm) 5. 47. 73 (reference to 3. 22. 2-3 where attack on Kṛṣṇa with śataghnīs and other missiles is mentioned ?);

(3) By Kṛṣṇa when he suggested to Yudhiṣṭhira to send Suyodhana and his allies the way Śālva and Saubha had gone (prasthāpyatāṁ pāṇḍava dhārtarāṣṭraḥ suyodhanaḥ… saubhasya saubhādhipateś ca mārgam//) 3. 180. 33;

(4) By Vidura when he reminded Duryodhana that a monkey-chief, Dvivida by name, covered Kṛṣṇa with rocks at the gate of Saubha in order to arrest him but he did not succeed (saubhadvāre vānarendro dvivido nāma nāmataḥ/śilāvarṣeṇa mahatā chādayām āsa keśavam//grahītukamo…grahītuṁ nāśakat tatra) 5. 128. 4142 (reference to 3. 23. 10-19 where the showering of rocks is attributed to a Dānava who had assumed the form of a monkey dānavo vānarākṛtiḥ);

(5) By Dhṛtarāṣṭra when he recounted Kṛṣṇa's wonderful exploits (divyāni karmāṇi 7. 10. 1); he referred to his bringing down Saubha which had taken refuge in the bay of the ocean (saubhaṁ…samudrakukṣau vikramya pātayām āsa mādhavaḥ) 7. 10. 14 (reference to 3. 21. 16-38);

(6) By Bhagavān when he told Nārada that at the conjunction of Dvāpara and Kali he would destroy all those residing in the Saubha (sarvān saubhanivāsinaḥ) 12. 326. 87.


E. Simile: The falling down of the Saubha, when struck by Sudarśana, compared with the falling down of Tripura tossed up by the arrow of Maheśvara (saubhaṁ suda'śanabalād dhatam/maheśvaraśaroddhūtaṁ papāta tripuraṁ yathā) 3. 23. 34.


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Saubha^2  : nt.: Name of the city of king Śālva.


A. Its king: Śālva is referred to as Saubhapati 1. 96. 48; 5. 175. 24; 5. 176. 2; as Saubharāj 5. 176. 36; sometimes the name of the king is identified with the name of the city and hence the king of the city Saubha is referred to as Śālvapati instead of Saubhapati in 5. 171. 6; 5. 172. 2, 10, 14, 18; 5. 174. 3; 5. 175. 22 (mayā śālvapatir vīra manasābhivṛtaḥ patiḥ where pati is repeated; cf. with this 1. 96. 48 wrere saubhapatiḥ occurs and not śālvapatiḥ); 5. 176. 34.


B. Epic event: When Śālva was defeated by Bhīṣma, he returned to his town (Saubha) (tataḥ śālvaḥ svanagaraṁ prayayau) 1. 96. 39; Ambā told Bhīṣma that she had already chosen the king of Saubha as her husband (mayā saubhapatiḥ pūrvaṁ manasābhivṛtaḥ patiḥ) 1. 96. 48; permitted by Bhīṣma, she went to the town Saubha (gatā saubhapuraṁ prati) 5. 178. 10; Ambā returned to Śālva, the ruler of Saubha, and told him that she was allowed by Bhīṣma to go to him (śālvaṁ saubhapatiṁ tataḥ/kanyeyaṁ…vacanam abravīt//visarjitāsmi bhīṣmeṇa) 5. 175. 24-25; Ambā approached the king of Saubha, but he did not accept her (saubharājam upetyāham abruvaṁ durvacaṁ vacaḥ/na ca māṁ pratyagṛhṇāt saḥ) 5. 176. 36; when rejected by Śālva, Ambā went out of the town (Saubha) and took resort in the āśrama of the ascetics outside the town (niścakrāma purād dīnā) 5. 172. 23; 5. 173. 1; (jagāma nagarād bahiḥ/ āśramaṁ…tāpasānām) 5. 173. 9; Akṛtavraṇa, the follower of Rāma, told Ambā that if she desired Rāma to enjoin the ruler of Saubha (to accept her), he (Rāma) would do so (yadi saubhapatir bhadre niyoktavyo mate tava/niyokṣyati…taṁ rāmaḥ) 5. 176. 2 (Nī. on Bom. Ed. 5. 177. 2: niyoktavyas tava pāṇigrahaṇārtham iti śeṣaḥ).


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Mahabharata Cultural Index

पृष्ठभागोऽयं यन्त्रेण केनचित् काले काले मार्जयित्वा यथास्रोतः परिवर्तयिष्यते। तेन मा भूदत्र शोधनसम्भ्रमः। सज्जनैः मूलमेव शोध्यताम्।

Saubha^1  : nt.: Name of the city of Śālva, the demon.


A. Location: Located in the sky (khastha) 5. 47. 73; 7. 10. 14; (khe viṣaktaṁ hi tat saubham) 3. 21. 25; (vaihāyasaṁ …puram) 3. 16. 3; (divam āsthitaḥ… saubhena) 3. 15. 15; 3. 20. 27; (viyad abhyāgamat punaḥ) 3. 22. 1, 3; (saubhasthaṁ pṛthivīgatam) 3. 17. 28; (Nī. on Bom. Ed. 3. 12. 32: saubhaṁ khecaraṁ puram: on 3. 16. 15: saubhena khecareṇa pureṇa).


B. Its ruler and subjects: It was Śālva's town, ruled over by him and protected by him (śālvasya nagaraṁ saubham) 3. 15. 2; (śālvagupta) 7. 10. 14; hence Śālva was called Saubhapati 3. 13. 29; 3. 17. 1, 31; 3. 18. 19; 3. 21. 31; 3. 23. 20; Saubharāj 3. 15. 11; 3. 17. 32; 3. 18. 15; 3. 20. 12, 14, 16; Saubhādhipati 3. 180. 33; Daiteyas and Dānavas were its inhabitants, hence called Daityapura 7. 10. 14; (daiteyān…saubhanivāsinaḥ) 3. 18. 4; (yuddhaṁ…dānavaiḥ saha) 3. 15. 21; (dānavānāṁ) 3. 21. 27; (saubhāt…vibudhadviṣām) 3. 23. 1.


C. Description: Moving at will (kāmaga) 3. 15. 6, 15; (kāmagama) 3. 23. 9; difficult to be attacked (durāsada) 7. 10. 14; having the form of a peak of Meru mountain (meruśikharākāra) 3. 23. 39; it lost its lustre (when struck by the cakra of Kṛṣṇa) and its watch-towers and gateways were shattered (vyapagatatviṣ) 3. 23. 33 (Nī. on Bom. Ed. 3. 14. 6 explains saubha as: saubhaṁ suṣṭhu bhānti te subhāḥ kāñcanādayo dhātavas tajjam); (vidhvastāṭṭālagopura) 3. 23. 39; called pura 3. 16. 3; 3. 21. 18; 7. 10. 14; nagara 3. 15. 2; 3. 21. 9; 3. 23. 33.


D. Epic events: Kṛṣṇa told Yudhiṣṭhira that at the time of the game of dice he had gone to Saubha, the town of Śālva, to kill him (śālvasya nagaraṁ saubhaṁ gato 'ham) 3. 15. 2; in the absence of Kṛṣṇa, Śālva, enraged at the killing of Śiśupāla, rode his Saubha, moving at will, and attacked Dvārakā (āgataḥ kāmagaṁ saubham āruhya) 3. 15. 5-7; when Śālva did not find Kṛṣṇa in Dvārakā, he reviled Kṛṣṇa, rode his Saubha, and flew up in the sky (divam āsthitaḥ/kāmagena ca saubhena kṣiptvā mām) 3. 15. 15; therefore Kṛṣṇa, when he returned to Dvārakā from Indraprastha, left for the destruction of Saubha (tataḥ saubhavadhāyāhaṁ pratasthe) 3. 15. 19; Yudhiṣṭhira then requested Kṛṣṇa to tell him the downfall of Saubha in detail (vistareṇa… saubhasya vadham ācakṣva) 3. 16. 1; when Śālva reached Dvārakā, he besieged it on all sides, arranging his sky-moving town (all around) in battle positions (arundhat tāṁ (dvāravatīṁ purīm)…sarvataḥ…/śālvo vaihāyasaṁ cāpi tatpuraṁ vyūhya viṣṭhitaḥ//) 3. 16. 3 (Nī. on Bom. Ed. 3. 15. 3: vyūhya svarakṣāparopamardayogyaracanāviśeṣeṇa sthāpayitvā); Dvārakā was well protected when Śālva attacked it (tadā saubhasamāgame) 3. 16. 19; when Śālva's heroes were killed in battle, he (went back; but) came again in his Saubha, moving at will, to attack Dvārakā (kāmagena sa saubhena śālvaḥ punar upāgamat) 3. 17. 27; the army in Dvārakā was distressed seeing Śālva descending from sky on the earth (dṛṣṭvā śālvaṁ…saubhasthaṁ pṛthivīgatam) 3. 17. 28; Pradyumna assured his army that he would defeat in battle the Saubha with its king (Śālva) (na bhīḥ kāryā/saubharāḍ adya naśyati/…sasaubho vinaśiṣyati) 3. 17. 30-32; Pradyumna confounded all demons of the Saubha with quickly shifting the bow from palm to palm (sa…cāpaṁ viharan vai talāt talam/mohayām āsa daiteyān sarvān saubhanivāsinaḥ) 3. 18. 4; when defeated by Pradyumna, Śālva abandoned Dvārakā, rode his Saubha and flew up in the sky (saubham āsthāya…divam ācakrame) 3. 20. 27; when Kṛṣṇa, on his return to Dvārakā, learnt about the attack on Dvārakā by Śālva, he vowed to destroy the town Saubha along with Śālva (saśālvaṁ saubhanagaraṁ hantā) 3. 21. 9; when he learnt that Sālva, in his Saubha, had gone back, he pursued him (prayātaṁ saubham āsthāya) 3. 21. 15; Kṛṣṇa left for the destruction of Saubha after asking Sātyaki and others to protect Dvārakā (teṣu rakṣāṁ samādhāya prayātaḥ saubhapātane) 3. 22. 17; Śālva then in his Saubha, had taken refuge in the bay of the ocean and remained hidden in its navel (tataḥ sāgaram āsādya kukṣau tasya mahormiṇaḥ/samudranābhyāṁ śālvo 'bhūt saubham āsthāya) 3. 21. 16 (Nī. on Bom. Ed. 3. 20. 17: nābhyāṁ garbhe gupta ity arthaḥ); Kṛṣṇa's arrows could not reach the town (Saubha) (puraṁ nāsādyata śaraiḥ) 3. 21. 18; the Saubha though close to the sky appeared as if it was at a distance of only a krośa from Kṛṣṇa (khe viṣaktaṁ hi tat saubhaṁ krośamātra ivābhavat) 3. 21. 25; when Kṛṣṇa's arrows pierced the bodies of the Dānavas, there was a loud din in the Saubha (tato halahalāśabdaḥ saubhamadhye vyavardhata) 3. 21. 28; Kṛṣṇa saw Vasudeva falling down from Saubha: but after some time, Saubha, Śālva and Vasudeva disappeared; all this was māyā of Śālva (apaśyaṁ…prapatantam ahaṁ tadā/saubhāc chūrasutaṁ) 3. 22. 22; na tatra saubhaṁ na ripuṁ na śālvam paśyāmi vṛddhaṁ pitaraṁ na cāpi// tato mamāsīn manasi māyeyam) 3. 22. 2930; Kṛṣṇa then felled down the heads of the demons from the Saubha (saubhāc chirāṁsi vibudhadviṣām) 3. 23. 1; the Saubha then disappeared due to māyā of Śālva (tato nādṛśyata tadā saubhaṁ…/ antarhitaṁ māyayābhūt) 3. 23. 3; Saubha, moving at will, went to Prāgjyotiṣa and, (on its return), was seen again (tataḥ prāgjyotiṣaṁ gatvā punar eva vyadṛśyata/saubhaṁ kāmagamam) 3. 23. 9 (Nī. on Bom. Ed. 3. 22. 9: prāgjyotiṣaṁ pūrvasamudratīrasthaṁ nagaraviśeṣaṁ); Kṛṣṇa's charioteer drew his attention to Śālva, the ruler of Saubha (paśya …śālvaṁ saubhapatiṁ sthitam) 3. 23. 20; Kṛṣṇa then decided to kill Śālva and bring down Saubha (yuddhe matim adhārayam/ vadhāya śālvarājasya saubhasya ca nipātane//) 3. 23. 27; he then employed the āgneya astra on his cakra and commanded “kill Saubha and my enemies” (āgneyam astram …cakram…abhimantrya…jahi saubhaṁ svavīryeṇa ye cātra ripavo mama/ity uktvā…tasmai prāhiṇavam) 3. 23. 28. 31; the cakra struck the town Saubha and cut it into two in the middle; when the Saubha fell down the cakra came back to Kṛṣṇa's hand (tat samāsādya nagaraṁ saubham… madhyena pāṭayām āsa…/dvidhā kṛtaṁ tataḥ saubham…tasmin nipatite saubhe cakram āgāt karaṁ mama) 3. 23. 33-35; seeing the Saubha on fire, the women (of the Dānavas) fled 3. 23. 39; Kṛṣṇa steadied his chariot near the Saubha and blew his conch (tato 'haṁ samavasthāpya rathaṁ saubhasamīpataḥ śaṅkhaṁ pradhmāpya) 3. 23. 38; after killing Śālva and bringing down the Saubha, Kṛṣṇa returned to the Ānarta country (evaṁ nihatya samare śālvaṁ saubhaṁ nipātya ca/ānartān punar āgamya) 3. 23. 40; the downfall of Saubha and the killing of Śālva by Kṛṣṇa is referred to at various places:

(1) By Arjuna when he recounted the exploits of Kṛṣṇa (tvayā saubhaṁ ca pātitam) 3. 13. 29;

(2) By Arjuna again in his message to Dhṛtarāṣṭra through Saṁjaya (ayaṁ saubhaṁ yodhayām āsa khasthaṁ…saubhadvāri pratyagṛhṇāc chataghnīm) 5. 47. 73 (reference to 3. 22. 2-3 where attack on Kṛṣṇa with śataghnīs and other missiles is mentioned ?);

(3) By Kṛṣṇa when he suggested to Yudhiṣṭhira to send Suyodhana and his allies the way Śālva and Saubha had gone (prasthāpyatāṁ pāṇḍava dhārtarāṣṭraḥ suyodhanaḥ… saubhasya saubhādhipateś ca mārgam//) 3. 180. 33;

(4) By Vidura when he reminded Duryodhana that a monkey-chief, Dvivida by name, covered Kṛṣṇa with rocks at the gate of Saubha in order to arrest him but he did not succeed (saubhadvāre vānarendro dvivido nāma nāmataḥ/śilāvarṣeṇa mahatā chādayām āsa keśavam//grahītukamo…grahītuṁ nāśakat tatra) 5. 128. 4142 (reference to 3. 23. 10-19 where the showering of rocks is attributed to a Dānava who had assumed the form of a monkey dānavo vānarākṛtiḥ);

(5) By Dhṛtarāṣṭra when he recounted Kṛṣṇa's wonderful exploits (divyāni karmāṇi 7. 10. 1); he referred to his bringing down Saubha which had taken refuge in the bay of the ocean (saubhaṁ…samudrakukṣau vikramya pātayām āsa mādhavaḥ) 7. 10. 14 (reference to 3. 21. 16-38);

(6) By Bhagavān when he told Nārada that at the conjunction of Dvāpara and Kali he would destroy all those residing in the Saubha (sarvān saubhanivāsinaḥ) 12. 326. 87.


E. Simile: The falling down of the Saubha, when struck by Sudarśana, compared with the falling down of Tripura tossed up by the arrow of Maheśvara (saubhaṁ suda'śanabalād dhatam/maheśvaraśaroddhūtaṁ papāta tripuraṁ yathā) 3. 23. 34.


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Saubha^2  : nt.: Name of the city of king Śālva.


A. Its king: Śālva is referred to as Saubhapati 1. 96. 48; 5. 175. 24; 5. 176. 2; as Saubharāj 5. 176. 36; sometimes the name of the king is identified with the name of the city and hence the king of the city Saubha is referred to as Śālvapati instead of Saubhapati in 5. 171. 6; 5. 172. 2, 10, 14, 18; 5. 174. 3; 5. 175. 22 (mayā śālvapatir vīra manasābhivṛtaḥ patiḥ where pati is repeated; cf. with this 1. 96. 48 wrere saubhapatiḥ occurs and not śālvapatiḥ); 5. 176. 34.


B. Epic event: When Śālva was defeated by Bhīṣma, he returned to his town (Saubha) (tataḥ śālvaḥ svanagaraṁ prayayau) 1. 96. 39; Ambā told Bhīṣma that she had already chosen the king of Saubha as her husband (mayā saubhapatiḥ pūrvaṁ manasābhivṛtaḥ patiḥ) 1. 96. 48; permitted by Bhīṣma, she went to the town Saubha (gatā saubhapuraṁ prati) 5. 178. 10; Ambā returned to Śālva, the ruler of Saubha, and told him that she was allowed by Bhīṣma to go to him (śālvaṁ saubhapatiṁ tataḥ/kanyeyaṁ…vacanam abravīt//visarjitāsmi bhīṣmeṇa) 5. 175. 24-25; Ambā approached the king of Saubha, but he did not accept her (saubharājam upetyāham abruvaṁ durvacaṁ vacaḥ/na ca māṁ pratyagṛhṇāt saḥ) 5. 176. 36; when rejected by Śālva, Ambā went out of the town (Saubha) and took resort in the āśrama of the ascetics outside the town (niścakrāma purād dīnā) 5. 172. 23; 5. 173. 1; (jagāma nagarād bahiḥ/ āśramaṁ…tāpasānām) 5. 173. 9; Akṛtavraṇa, the follower of Rāma, told Ambā that if she desired Rāma to enjoin the ruler of Saubha (to accept her), he (Rāma) would do so (yadi saubhapatir bhadre niyoktavyo mate tava/niyokṣyati…taṁ rāmaḥ) 5. 176. 2 (Nī. on Bom. Ed. 5. 177. 2: niyoktavyas tava pāṇigrahaṇārtham iti śeṣaḥ).


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