आयुर्वेदीयः संस्कृतशब्दकोशः ०२

विकिशब्दकोशः तः

अकालजरोगः ( akālajarogaḥ )

Natural diseases of untimely occurrence
Diseases and conditions that manifest in the body before their natural time of occurrence owing to improper dietetics and erratic lifestyles, e.g. premature ageing.

अकालधूमपानः ( akāladhūmapānaḥ )

Condition due to untimely application of medicated smoke therapy
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: giddiness or dizziness; syncope or swooning; headache; disturbed function or injury of nose; disturbed function or injury of ears; disturbed function or injury of eyes; disturbed function or injury of tongue; bleeding disorder; deafness/hearing impairment; blindness; thirst; dumbness/ aphasia; intoxication.

अकालशयनम् ( akālaśayanam )

Disorder due to untimely sleeping
Untimely sleeping habits causing specific disorders characterized by confusion/delirium; fever; sensation of being covered with a wet cloth; cold catarrh; headache; oedema; nausea; obstruction in srotas; diminution of agni.

अकृतयूषः ( akṛtayūṣaḥ )

Non-processed soup of vegetables
A type of food preparation in which a soup of vegetables and/or pulses is prepared by adding 16 parts water without processing with oil or ghee, and spices.

अकृत्रिमविषम् ( akṛtrimaviṣam )

Poison of natural origin
A poison from a natural source or unmodified natural poison.

अक्षः, अक्षकः, अक्षकास्थि, कीलकः, कोष्टकम्, कोष्ठकास्थि ( akṣaḥ, akṣakaḥ, akṣakāsthi, kīlakaḥ,koṣṭhakam, koṣṭhakāsthi )

Clavicle

अक्षप्रसादनम् ( akṣaprasādanam )

Substance clearing the sense organs

अक्षरलेखनसंस्कारः ( akṣaralekhanasaṁskāraḥ )

Writing ceremony
A ceremony in which the child inscribes the various syllables signifying the initiation of writing skills at five years of age.

अक्षिकूटः , कोटरः ( akṣikūṭaḥ, koṭaraḥ )

Orbit

अक्षिपाकः ( akṣipākaḥ )

Reddish colouration of eye

अक्षिमलः ( akṣimalaḥ )

Rheum

अक्षीणबलमांसस्य रक्तपित्तस्तम्भनम् ( akṣīṇabalamāṃsasya raktapittastambhanam )

Condition of forceful haemostasis of haemorrhage in overnourished

अगदः ( agadaḥ )

Antidote

अगदतन्त्रम् ( agadatantram )

Toxicology
The science that deals with the study of poisons and their actions, methods of detection and treatment.

अग्निः ( agniḥ )

Digestive, metabolic factors
The collective term for the various factors governing digestion and metabolism or food transformation which are basic element fire -predominant.

अग्नि-अतिदग्धः ( agni-atidagdhaḥ )

Condition due to excessive burns due to therapeutic cautery
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: māṃsa persisting at burn site; loosening of body parts; excessive injury to blood vessels/loss of blood vessles; excessive injury to tendons/loss of tendons; excessive injury to joints/loss of joints; excessive injury to bones/loss of bones; fever; burning sensation; thirst; syncope or swooning; delayed wound healing; discoloured scar of healed wound; severe pain; smoky sensation; deep wounds; vomiting; heavy bleeding; complications due to heavy blood loss such as emaciation; tremors; convulsive body movements; contractions of māṃsa; death.

अग्निकर्म ( agnikarma )

Thermal cauterization
A type of parasurgical procedure in which thermal cauterization of tissue or a body part is carried out by a method resembling moxibustion.

अग्निकर्म (विषोपक्रमः) ( agnikarma (viṣopakramaḥ) )

Application of heat, thermal cautery for detoxification
Applying heat or thermal cautery to remove poison.

अग्निकर्म (व्रणचिकित्सा) ( agnikarma (vraṇacikitsā) )

Thermal cauterization for wound management
A thermal treatment to promote wound healing.

अग्निकर्म-अपचारः ( agnikarma-apacāraḥ )

Condition due to due to improper application of thermal cautery

अग्निरोहिणी ( agnirohiṇī )

Vesicles in the axilla
A disorder characterized by blisters with internal burning sensation; blisters in axilla; fever; blisters resembling a blazing fire; blisters burrowing into muscle.

अग्निविभ्रमः ( agnivibhramaḥ )

Condition due to due to improper application of thermal cautery

अग्निविसर्पः/ वातपित्तजविसर्पः/ अग्निदाहजविसर्पः ( agnivisarpaḥ/ vātapittajavisarpaḥ/ agnidāhajavisarpaḥ )

Erysipelas, spreading cellulitis due to vitiated vata and pitta
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: vomiting; diarrhoea; syncope or swooning; burning sensation; confusion/delirium; fever; respiratory distress; loss of taste; breaking/splitting type of bone pains; breaking/splitting pain in joints; feeling as if burnt with heated charcoal; thirst; the affected area appears coal-black or red in colour; blisters resembling a thermal burn; rapidly; associated with or progressing towards vital points.

अग्निसिद्धः ( agnisiddhaḥ )

Processed by heating
The process of cooking by direct or indirect contact with fire or heat.

अग्निस्वेदः ( agnisvedaḥ )

Sweating induced by direct or indirect contact with fire
A sudation therapy which induces diaphoresis by means of direct heat or indirect heat from a fire.

अग्न्याशयः ( agnyāśayaḥ )

Pancreas

अग्रपर्व ( agraparva )

Distal part of the finger

अग्रोपहरणीयः ( agropaharaṇīyaḥ )

Checklist for preoperative preparation
The list of objects to be kept ready or at hand before any operative procedure.

अग्र्यसङ्ग्रहः ( Examples: cow’s milk in the category “milks”, green gram in the category “pulses”, grapes in the category “fruits”, etc.agryasaṅgrahaḥ )

Top-of-the-list entities such as medicine, food, health practices and habits

अङ्गः ( aṅgaḥ )

Body part

अङ्गार्तिबस्तिव्यापत् ( aṅgārtibastivyāpat )

Condition of body aches due to faulty enema therapy
A condition characterized by pains affecting the body; cramps; pricking type of pain; breaking type of pain; pulsating sensation; yawning.

अङ्गुलः ( aṅgulaḥ )

Length equal to thickness of 8 barley seeds
Measure of length equal to the distance traversed through the centre of 8 barley grains placed next to each other, equivalent to 3/4 inch or 1.94 cm (on average although this measure may differ in every individual).

अङ्गुलास्थि ( aṅgulāsthi )

Phalanx

अङ्गुलिः ( aṅguliḥ )

Digits

अङ्गुलिग्रन्थिः ( aṅguligranthiḥ )

Knuckle

अङ्गुलिपर्व ( aṅguliparva )

Interphalangeal joint

अङ्गुल्यग्रम् ( aṅgulyagram )

Tip of the finger

अङ्गुष्टः ( aṅguṣṭhaḥ )

Thumb
Also denotes great toe.

अङ्गुष्टमूलम् ( aṅguṣṭhamūlam )

Base of the thumb or great toe

अङ्गुष्टोदरम् ( aṅguṣṭhodaram )

Thumb pad

अचेतन-द्रव्यम्/ निरिन्द्रियः ( acetana-dravyam/ nirindriyaḥ )

Insentient material
A non-living, inanimate substance lacking all consciousness, e.g. minerals.

अच्छस्नेहः ( acchasnehaḥ )

Intake of processed ghee or oily substance alone
The discrete intake of processed ghee or oily substance (without it being mixed with any other substance).

अजका ( ajakā )

Prolapsed iris or anterior staphyloma
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a mass resembling goat’s stool; painful mass in cornea; reddish tinge in cornea; reddish slimy secretion; bulging out of the cornea; coppery-coloured tears; slimy lacrimation.

अजगल्लिका ( ajagallikā )

Nodular skin disease of children
A disorder characterized by hard nodules/papular lesions; painless nodule; nodule resembling green gram in size; skin-coloured nodule; waxy/unctuous nodule.

अजगल्लिका ( ajagallikā )

Papules in children resembling green gram
A disorder characterized by hard nodular/papular lesions; painless nodule; nodule of green gram size; skin-coloured nodule; waxy/unctuous lesion.

अजीर्ण-विरेचनव्यापत् ( ajīrṇa-virecanavyāpat )

Condition caused by purgation therapy administered to person with indigestion

अजीर्ण; अतिस्निग्ध; पीतस्नेहानां आस्थापनस्य व्यापदः ( ajīrṇa; atisnigdha; pītasnehānāṃ āsthāpanasya vyāpadaḥ )

Condition caused by medicated decoction enema administered to person with indigestion
A condition characterized by clinical features of dūṣyodara; syncope or swooning; oedema.

अजीर्ण; भुक्त भक्ते नस्य व्यापदः ( ajīrṇa; bhukta bhakte nasya vyāpadaḥ )

Condition due to A condition characterized by some or all the following signs inhalation therapy and symptoms: cough; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; administered to vomiting; cold catarrh. person with indigestion and full stomach

अजीर्णम् ( ajīrṇam )

Indigestion
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: constipation/abdominal fullness; exhaustion; headache; syncope or swooning; giddiness or dizziness; stiffness of back; stiffness of lower back; yawning; generalized body aches; thirst; fever; vomiting; straining at defecation; loss of taste; indigestion; burning sensation; diseases of the mouth; amlapitta; signs of rājayakṣma; cold catarrh; frequent and excessive micturition; constipation; excessive defecation; fatigued mind and body; suppression of intra-abdominal gas movements; heaviness.

अञ्जन-अपचारः ( añjana-apacāraḥ )

Condition due to improper application of collyrium

अञ्जननामिका ( añjananāmikā )

Stye
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: burning boils in eyelids; boils with pricking pain; copper-red boils in lid margin; soft eruption; mildly painful; minute eruptions; occurring in mid-eyelid; occurring near lid margin; itching; burning sensation with sweating and restlessness; firm; green gram-sized.

अञ्जनमिथ्यायोगः ( añjanamithyāyogaḥ )

Condition of improper application of collyrium
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: redness/congestion/inflammation; lacrimation; pain; turbidity/dirtiness; burning sensation with sweating and restlessness; redness/congestion; rheum; pricking type of pain; difficulty in opening the eyelids; swelling; morbid affection of the iris; change of colour; ulceration and imperfect vision; errors of refraction/partial blindness.

अञ्जनम् ( añjanam )

Antimony trisulfide; collyrium
Sb2S3. Duly processed anjanam is employed as a standalone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations.

अञ्जनम् ( añjanam )

Collyrium
The administration of medications (collyrium) into the lower conjunctival fornices, moving from the inner to outer canthus and vice versa, using an applicator.

अञ्जनम् (विषोपक्रमः) ( añjanam (viṣopakramaḥ) )

Collyrium for detoxification
Applying collyrium or medication over the lower eyelid to counter the penetration of poisons.

अञ्जनातियोगः ( añjanātiyogaḥ )

Condition of excessive application of collyrium
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: burning sensation; pricking type of pain; intermittent pain; loss of movement; rubbing friction; lacrimation; difficulty in opening the lids; lids becoming hard and causing crepitus; headache; debility of vision.

अणुत्व, परमाणु ( aṇutva, paramāṇu )

Atomicity
Having the dimension of an atom , the smallest possible or minute entity (cf. atomism).

अण्डजः ( aṇḍajaḥ )

Oviparous animals
An animal species which undergoes oviparous birth, e.g. reptiles, birds or fish.

अण्वस्थि ( aṇvasthi )

Short bones
Minor bones such as the carpal and tarsal bones.

अण्वस्थि ( aṇvasthi )

Small bone
Small bones such as the carpal, tarsal and metacarpal bones.

अतिकॄ शस्य आस्थापनस्य व्यापदः ( atikṝśasya āsthāpanasya vyāpadaḥ )

Condition caused by medicated decoction enema administered to person who is excessively lean
A condition characterized by its giving rise to greater emaciation.

अतिदग्ध-अर्शः ( atidagdha-arśaḥ )

Condition due to excessive cautery of haemorrhoids
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: anal fissure; burning sensation; syncope or swooning; fever; thirst; complications due to heavy blood loss.

अतिदग्ध-गुदः ( atidagdha-gudaḥ )

Condition due to excessive cautery of anus

अतिदुर्बल; क्षुतार्त त्तॄष्णार्त; श्रमार्तानां आस्थापनस्य व्यापदः ( atidurbala; kṣutārta ttṝṣṇārta; śramārtānāM āsthāpanasya vyāpadaḥ )

Condition caused by medicated decoction enema administered to person who is extremely emaciated and weak
A condition characterized by instantaneous emaciation of body.

अतिदेशः ( atideśaḥ )

Extending the scope or inclusiveness of a rule
An authorial annotation enabling an item of useful knowledge from an external source to be incorporated in the text.

अतिपिच्छिलशुक्रदोषः ( atipicchilaśukradoṣaḥ )

Increased viscosity of semen
Excessively slimy and viscous semen.

अतिप्रवृत्तरक्तः ( atipravṛttaraktaḥ )

Condition of improper repair of punctured ear causing excessive bleeding
A condition characterized by discoloration; oedema.

अतिप्रवृत्तिः ( atipravṛttiḥ )

Body channel dysfunction involving excess activity
Excessive activity with increase and overflow of contents in the body channels.

अतिमात्राहारः/ आहारतियोगः ( atimātrāhāraḥ/āhāratiyogaḥ )

Disorder due to excessive or supraoptimal food intake
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: syncope or swooning; diarrhoea; vomiting; thirst; colicky pain in abdomen; giddiness or dizziness; cramps; yawning; generalized body aches; dryness of mouth; excessive talking/irrelevant speech/incoherent speech; sunken eyes; severe headache; severe pain in cardiac region; contraction of blood vessels; stiffening of vessels; stasis of flow; impairment of agni; stiffness of sides of chest; stiffness of back; stiffness of lower back; burning sensation; discoloration; insanity; tremors; pain in precordial region/angina pectoris; headache; borborygmi with distension; rigidity/stiffness; fever; feeling of heaviness in body; impediment of speech/dysphasia; spitting/ excessive expectoration; loss of taste; excessive salivation; bodily exhaustion or tiredness/inability to perform physical activities; indigestion; fever with chills; lethargy.

अतियोगबस्तिव्यापत् ( atiyogabastivyāpat )

Condition due to excessive; administration of enema therapy
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: the same symptoms as atiyoga in emetic and purgation therapy, i.e. thirst; confusion/delirium; syncope or swooning; clinical features of vāta prakopa; insomnia; loss of physical strength or weakness; diseases due to diminution of kapha rakta and pitta; numbness; generalized body aches; exhaustion without exertion; shivering/tremors; feeling of entering into darkness; insanity; hiccups.

अतिरुक्ष-विरेचनव्यापत् ( atirukṣa-virecanavyāpat )

Condition caused by purgation therapy administered to person who has undergone excessive drying therapy
A condition characterized by spasticity of the limbs.

अतिरूक्षव्रणवर्ति-उपयोगः ( atirūkṣavraṇavartiupayogaḥ )

Condition due to usage of very dry wick for treating wound(s)

अतिवाहिक-शरीरम्/ सूक्ष्मशरीरम् / लिङ्ग शरीरम् ( ativāhika-śarīram/ sūkṣmaśarīram/ liṅgaśarīram )

Subtle body, causal body
The subtle body which consists of mind or psyche (manas), sense organs (indriya) and soul (atma) and is devoid of gross body; it is sometimes referred as the causal body or subtle body.

अतिवृद्ध-आमवातः ( ativṛddha-āmavātaḥ )

Advanced stage of polyarthritis due to ama
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: pain in hand joints; pain in foot joints; pain in head joints; pain in ankle joints; pain in sacroiliac region joints; pain in knee joints; pain in hip joints; swelling in hand joints; swelling in foot joints; swelling in head joints; swelling in ankle joints; swelling in sacroiliac region joints; swelling in knee joints; swelling in hip joints; pain resembling scorpion bite; diminution of agni; excessive salivation; loss of taste; heaviness of body; lack of enthusiasm; altered taste sensation; burning sensation; frequent excessive micturition; hardness of abdomen; colicky pain in abdomen; altered sleep; thirst; vomiting; giddiness or dizziness; syncope or swooning; stiffness of cardiac region; constipation; dullness/ frigidity/inactivity; borborygmi/gurgling intestinal sounds;

अतिव्यायामः/ व्यायामतियोगः ( ativyāyāmaḥ/ vyāyāmatiyogaḥ )

Disorder due to excessive physical exercise
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: exhaustion/fatigue; exhaustion without exertion; consumption/tuberculosis; thirst; bleeding disorder; forms of dyspnoea; cough; fever; vomiting.

अतिशीतअश्च्योतनः ( atiśīta-aścyotanaḥ )

Condition due to application of very cold eyedrops
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: pricking type of pain; fixedness of eye; pain; lacrimation; rubbing friction.

अतिसार ( atisāra )

Diarrhoea
Diarrhoea is defined as the passage of three or more loose or liquid stools per day (or more frequent passage than is normal for the individual). Frequent passage of formed stools or loose “pasty” stools by breastfed babies do not qualify as diarrhoea.

अतिसारपूर्वरूपम् ( atisārapūrvarūpam )

Prodromal symptoms of diarrhoea
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: needling pain in heart; needling pain in umbilicus; needling pain in anus; needling pain in abdomen/sides; needing pain in abdominal organs; bodily exhaustion or tiredness; suppression of flatus; retention of faeces; abdominal distension; indigestion.

अतिस्निग्ध-विरेचनव्यापत् ( atisnigdhavirecanavyāpat )

Condition caused by purgation therapy administered to overunctuous person.

अतिस्निग्धव्रणवर्ति-उपयोगः ( atisnigdhavraṇavartiupayogaḥ )

Condition due to usage of very unctuous wick for treating wound(s)
A condition characterized by increased moistness due to unctuous wicks.

अतीतावेक्षणम् ( atītāvekṣaṇam )

Retrospective crossreferencing
A reference to previous statements or sections of a text that are relevant to the topic being discussed.

अत्यग्निः / भस्मकः ( atyagniḥ/ bhasmakaḥ )

Excessive digestive, metabolic factors
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: rapid digestion of food of varied quantity and quality.

अत्यन्ताभावः ( atyantābhāvaḥ )

Absolute nonexistence
Absolute nonexistence, without beginning or end.

अत्युष्णतीक्ष्ण-आश्च्योतनः ( atyuṣṇatīkṣṇaāścyotanaḥ )

Condition due to application of very hot and irritating eyedrops
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: pain; redness/congestion; loss of vision; burning sensation; inflammation/suppuration; debility of vision.

अदृष्टम् ( adṛṣṭam )

Invisible, unforeseen
Not experienced, unobserved, unknown, the invisible result of works done in former states of embodied existence; unseen consequences of an act.

अद्रव्यभूतचिकित्सा ( adravyabhūtacikitsā )

Treatment not using material substances
Treatment without substances having physical form such as fasting and incantations.

अधःकायः ( adhaḥkāyaḥ )

Lower half of the body
The lower half of the body, below the waist.

अधःपातनम् ( adhaḥpātanam )

Downward distillation of mercury

अधरः, अधरौष्ठः ( adharaḥ, adharauṣṭhaḥ )

Lower lip

अधरगुदम् ( adharagudam )

Anal canal

अधरत्रिकम् ( adharatrikam )

Sacral region, sacrum

अधरमार्गः ( adharamārgaḥ )

Lower passages
The common term for the anal, urethral and vaginal passages.

अधःस्रोतः ( adhaḥsrotaḥ )

Anal or urethral passage
Passages in the lower part of the body leading to the exterior.

अधारणीयवेगः ( adhāraṇīya-vegaḥ )

Non-suppressible urges
The natural urges of the body which should not be curbed or inhibited, i.e. passage of urine, stools, semen, vomiting, sneezing, burping, yawning, hunger, thirst, tears, sleep and breath. Their inhibition results in a multitude of disorders.

अधिकरणम् ( adhikaraṇam )

Topic or subject of discussion
The topic of a subject, chapter or section being discussed.

अधिजिह्वा ( adhijihvā )

Swelling at base of tongue
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a swelling developing under the root of the tongue; burning sensation; redness/congestion; inflammation/ suppuration; oedema at frenula of tongue; swelling resembling tongue tip developing under tongue root; studded with sprouts; excessive salivation; burning sensation in tongue; loss of movement; rough on touch; pain in tongue; itching; obstruction to speech; obstruction to swallowing.

अधिजिह्विका ( adhijihvikā )

Epiglottis, adenoids

अधिपतिः (मर्म) ( adhipatiḥ (marma)

Vulnerable location(s) located near the vertex
Injury to this vulnerable location leads to sudden death when injured.

अधिमन्थः ( adhimanthaḥ )

Glaucoma
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: feeling as if the eye is being extracted; feeling as if eye is being churned; feeling as if half the head is being extracted; feeling as if half the head is being churned; severe pain in eyes; numerous large boils; burst in the middle; horripilation; pain.

अधिमांसः ( adhimāṃsaḥ )

Impacted tooth; wisdom tooth.
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a large hard swelling in jaw behind last molar; severe pain in jaw behind last molar; salivation; pain in lower jaw or chin; otalgia; obstructed swallowing/obstruction to passage of food.

अधिमांसजार्म ( adhimāṃsajārma )

Papilloma
A disorder characterized by a spreading muscular growth; soft muscular growth; large muscular growth; muscular growth resembling liver tissue; blackish muscular growth; muscular growth resembling dry coagulated blood; spreading soft tissue.

अधोग-अम्लपित्तम् ( adhoga-amlapittam )

Type of hyperacidity with major symptoms manifesting below umbilical region
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: thirst; burning sensation; syncope or swooning; giddiness or dizziness; confusion/delirium; elimination of varying types of stools; nausea; wheal-like skin eruptions; depressed digestive power/diminution of agni; horripilation; perspiration; yellowish discoloration of body.

अधोगरक्तपित्तविरेचनव्यापत् ( adhogaraktapittavirecanavyāpat )

Condition caused by purgation therapy administered to person bleeding from lower orifices

अधोवातवेगरोधः ( adhovātavegarodhaḥ )

Disorder due to withholding of flatus
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: retention of faeces; obstruction to passage of urine/retention; retention of vata/flatus; abdominal distension; pain; exhaustion without exertion; vāta diseases of abdomen; colicky pain in abdomen; feeling of obstruction/tightness in the precordial region; headache; increased respiration/ dyspnoea; hiccups; cough; cold catarrh; choking sensation in throat; spread of kapha and pitta; decreased amount of stools; elimination of faeces through mouth; palpable glandular enlargement in abdomen/abdominal lump; upward movement of vāta; lack of sight; loss of digestive power/agni.

अध्यर्बुदः ( adhyarbudaḥ )

Superimposed tumour
Development of a new tumour at the site of an existing one, or over the site of an old tumour which has been treated and resolved.

अध्रुषः ( adhruṣaḥ )

Acute inflammation of soft palate
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a stable swelling in the palate region; reddish swelling in palate region; fever; severe pain; soft red swelling; reddish swelling.

अध्वजन्यराजयक्ष्मा ( adhvajanyarājayakṣmā )

Consumption due to excessive travel
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: flaccidity/laxity; harsh/rough appearance; numbness of limbs, throat and face.

अननुयोज्यम् ( ananuyojyam )

Unquestionable statement
A statement which has exhausted the scope for further questioning.

अनन्तवातः ( anantavātaḥ )

Trigeminal neuralgia
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: pain in the neck region; pain in nape of neck; pain residing at eyes; pain residing at eyebrows; pain residing at temporal region; pulsating sensation at zygomatic region; eye diseases; lockjaw/catching sensation over jaw; pain in neck; severe pain in nape of neck; pain in eyes; pain in eyebrows; pain in temporal region; pulsating sensation in zygomatic region; lockjaw/catching sensation over jaw; other eye diseases.

अनम्लसूपः ( anamlasūpaḥ )

Soup without added sour substances
A soup prepared without adding any sour substance.

अनवबद्धशल्यम् ( anavabaddhaśalyam )

Loosely lodged foreign body
A foreign body which is loosely impacted or hanging in the body.

अनवबद्धशल्योद्धरणपन्छदेशहेतुः ( anavabaddhaśalyoddharaṇapanchadeshahetuḥ )

Procedures for removal of loosely impacted foreign body
Fifteen extraction measures for removal of a loosely impacted foreign body

अनागतवेक्षणम् ( anāgatavekṣaṇam )

Prospective crossreferencing
A prospective reference to statements from forthcoming chapters or sections of a text that are relevant to the topic being discussed.

अनादि ( anādi )

Without beginning
A process or state whose beginning cannot be ascertained.

अनामिका ( anāmikā )

Ring finger
Also denotes fourth toe.

अनायुष्यम् ( anāyuṣyam )

Life span-reducing
Life span-limiting substances.

अनित्यम् ( anityam )

Transient, perishable
Not everlasting, transient, occasional, incidental.

अनिन्दितशलाका ( aninditaśalākā )

Ideal probe
The ideal type of probe for management of diseases of the head and neck region.

अनिमित्तजन्य-दृष्टिगतरोगः ( animittajanyadṛṣṭigatarogaḥ )

Eye disorder with no particular cause; unknown cause
A disorder characterized by blindness; unclear vision; colour of eye resembling a cat’s-eye gem; occasional normal vision; fixed gaze; impairment of vision; bright-looking.

अनिर्देश्यरसः ( anirdeśyarasaḥ )

Indistinct taste

अनिलायनम् ( anilāyanam )

Air passages
Passages for air inside the body.

अनुपक्रम, प्रत्याख्येयरोग ( anupakrama, pratyākhyeyaroga )

Terminal disease
A terminal disease or condition with no further treatment options, other than palliative care.

अनुपशयः ( anupaśayaḥ )

Differential diagnosis upheld by negative treatment response
Signs and symptoms of aggravation signifying ineffective intervention of diet and medicines.; one of the diagnostic tools when a disease or condition cannot be interpreted merely by its clinical features.

अनुपानम् ( anupānam )

Substance taken with or after medicine or food
A substance, usually liquid, which is taken with or after intake of a medicine or food.

अनुबन्धः ( anubandhaḥ )

Consequence, longterm effect
Continuity of effect or long-term outcome, which includes the achievement of healthy longevity.

अनुबन्धः ( anubandhaḥ )

Secondary or dependent disease
A disease or condition which does not have an independent existence or line of treatment.

अनुबन्ध्यः ( anubandhyaḥ )

Primary or independent An independent disease or condition which has its own set of disease symptoms and classical line of treatment.

अनुमतः ( anumataḥ )

Acceptance by not refuting
Acceptance of another viewpoint in a text by stating and not refuting it.

अनुमानम् ( anumānam )

Inference based on observations
The process of inference, in which a new conclusion is reached from direct observation by applying reason.

अनुमितिः ( anumitiḥ )

Inferential knowledge
A conclusion reached from stated premises.

अनुयोगः ( anuyogaḥ )

Question
A question or query raised to challenge the expressive power and scope of a statement and to clarify any ambiguity.

अनुयोज्यम् ( anuyojyam )

Questionable statement
A statement which is beset with syntactical defects and requires clarification.

अनुरसः ( anurasaḥ )

Secondary taste

अनुलोमनम् ( anulōmanam )

Normal course of movement
A therapeutic action which helps in the proper formation of excreta and relieves any obstruction to their downward movement; it also indicates the direction of stroke employed in a regular therapeutic oil massage.

अनुवासन/स्नेह बस्ति कर्म चिकित्सापचार, स्नेहबस्ति व्यापद ( anuvāsana/ sneha basti karma cikitsāpacāra, sneha basti vyāpad )

Condition due to improper medicated oily enema

अनुवासनबस्तिः ( anuvāsanabastiḥ )

Half-dose therapeutic ghee or oily enema
A form of medicated ghee or oily enema, the dose of which is half that of therapeutic ghee or oily enema.

अनुवासनमित्ययोग ( anuvāsanamityayoga )

Condition of improper administration medicated oily enema

अनुवासनवस्त्ययोग/ स्नेहवस्तिअयोग ( anuvāsanavastyayoga/ snehavastiayoga )

Condition caused by inadequate or subnormal administration of medicated oily enema

अनुवासनातियोग/ स्नेहवस्तिअतियोग ( anuvāsanātiyoga/ snehavastiatiyoga )

Condition caused by excessive administration of medicated oily enema
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: nausea; confusion/delirium; exhaustion without exertion; bodily exhaustion or tiredness; syncope or swooning; gripping pain; burning sensation; continuous discharge; creates pain/distress.

अनुवासितस्य नस्य व्यापदः ( anuvāsitasya nasya vyāpadaḥ )

Complications caused by inhalation therapy administered to person who has taken unctuous enema
A condition characterized by heaviness of the head.

अनुवेल्लितबन्धः ( anuvellitabandhaḥ )

Spiral bandage
A type of bandage applied to the extremities in a spiral shape.

अनुशयी ( anuśayī )

Deep-rooted abscess in foot
A disorder characterized by a less inflamed nodule; deeprooted lesion; lesion with tendency to suppurate internally; skin-coloured nodule; located in scalp/head.

अनुशस्त्रम् ( anuśastram )

Materials and tools for parasurgical procedures
The adjunctive or complementary devices or objects used to perform parasurgical or auxiliary procedures.

अनुशस्त्रविस्रावणम् ( anuśastravisrāvaṇam )

Bloodletting with adjuvants as an alternative to surgical instruments
Bloodletting by means of horn leech or bottle-gourd

अनृतौ दुर्दिने नस्य व्यापदः ( anṛtau durdine nasya vyāpadaḥ )

Condition due to inhalation therapy administered in inappropriate season or on a cloudy day

अनेकान्तः ( anekāntaḥ )

Acceptance of multiple conclusions
Listing multiple conclusions without refuting any of them.

अनौजस्यम् ( anaujasyam )

Unwholesome to ojas

अन्तः ( antaḥ )

Canthus
A term which denotes the junction between the eyelashes and lids, the sclerocorneal junction, pupillary margins and medial and lateral canthi.

अन्तःकरणम् ( antaḥkaraṇam )

Inner cognitive faculty
The four-tiered inner system: intellect (buddhi), mind (manas), self-awareness (ahamkara) and the storehouse of moods and memories (citta) which facilitate perception, cognition and consciousness.

अन्तःकुक्षिः ( antaḥkukṣiḥ )

Abdominal cavity

अन्तरभक्तम् ( antarabhaktam )

Administration of medicine between meals

अन्तराधिः ( antarādhiḥ )

Trunk

अन्तर्गलः ( antargalaḥ )

Oropharyngeal isthmus

अन्तर्बहिर्विभागः ( antarbahirvibhāgaḥ )

Internal-external division
An arbitrary division of the body into interior and exterior parts for descriptive purposes.

अन्तर्मुखशस्त्रम् ( antarmukhaśastram )

Curved knife with sharp inner edge (bistory knife)
A type of curved surgical knife with an inner sharp edge used for excision, extraction or drainage.

अन्तर्मुखस्रोतः ( antarmukhasrotaḥ )

Internal channel
Internal tracts, channels, tubes and ducts.

अन्तर्वेगज्वरः ( antarvegajvaraḥ )

Fever in which dosha and symptoms are located in viscera, vulnerable locations, joints and connective tissue
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a burning sensation inside the body excessive thirst; excessive talking/irrelevant speech/incoherent speech; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; giddiness or dizziness; pain in joints; bone pains; anhidrosis/lack of sweating; suppression of dosha; suppression of stools; high-grade fever; pronounced symptoms of jvara; internal burning sensation; constipation.

अन्तश्चेतन ( antaścetana )

Introverted consciousness
Living beings with internal consciousness, i.e. their consciousness is not externally manifested (plants).

अन्त्र-वृद्धिः, ब्रध्न ( antra-vṛddhiḥ, bradhna )

Hernia
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: frequent entry of the intestines from the abdomen into scrotum and their exit (through inguinal canal); may be associated with fever; burning sensation; dryness/ wasting/emaciation.

अन्त्राशयः ( antrāśayaḥ )

Intestinal lumen

अन्धपूतनाग्रहः ( andhapūtanāgrahaḥ )

Diarrhoea, fever, insomnia, emaciation complex due to external invisible factors
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: diarrhoea; cough; vomiting; fever; thirst; odour of animal fat; aversion to breast milk; abnormal colour of body; constant downward gaze; sour smell; insufficient sleep; altered stools/loose motions; discoloration of body; bad odour; emaciation; tired eyes; severe pain in eyes; itching of eyes; stye; swelling of eyes; hiccups; agitation; harsh voice; shivering/tremors; fishy smell from body.

अन्नजाहिक्का ( annajāhikkā )

Hiccup due to improper A disorder characterized by hiccups unrelated to any activity swallowing of food associated with sneezing; hiccups reduced with drinking or eating; hiccups decreased with wholesome and suitable foods or liquids; hiccups traversing upwards; painless; with little sound.

अन्नद्रवशूलः ( annadravaśūlaḥ )

Persistent, continuous abdominal pain
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: pain occurring before food has been digested; pain occurring after food has been digested; pain not subsiding despite consuming food; pain not subsiding on an empty stomach.

अन्नप्राशनसंस्कारः ( annaprāśanasaṁskāraḥ )

Weaning ceremony
A ceremony performed during the period of infancy (6 to 10 months) in which the first intake of semi-solid or solid food is initiated.

अन्नमार्गः ( annamārgaḥ )

Oesophagus

अन्नलेपन ( annalepana )

Application of paste prepared with shastika rice
An application of medicated paste prepared with rice cooked in milk.

अन्नवहस्रोतः ( annavahasrotaḥ )

Digestive tract
The pathway for food in the process of digestion.

अन्नवहस्रोतोदुष्टिः ( annavahasrotoduṣṭiḥ )

Vitiation of channels carrying food
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: an aversion to food; loss of taste; indigestion; vomiting.

अन्नवहस्रोतोविद्धः ( annavahasrotoviddhaḥ )

Injury to the gastrointestinal tract
A disorder characterized by abdominal distension; aversion to food; vomiting; blindness; pain; thirst; death.

अन्नादः/अन्नाशी ( annādaḥ/ annāśī )

Child consuming solid food
A child depending predominantly on solid food for its nourishment.

अन्यतोवातः ( anyatovātaḥ )

Referred pain in eye
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: pain in the eyebrows; pain in eyes; severe pain; lack of sliminess; absence of redness; absence of swelling; absence of tears.

अन्यधातूपहितशुक्रदोषः ( anyadhātūpahitaśukradoṣaḥ )

Semen contaminated with other body elements
A disorder characterised by blood or other tissues mixed with semen.

अन्येद्युष्कविषमज्वरः ( anyedyuṣkaviṣamajvaraḥ )

Intermittent fever spiking once daily
A disorder characterized by a fever spike once every twenty-four hours.

अन्योन्याभावः ( anyonyābhāvaḥ )

Mutual nonexistence
Nonexistence of a substance in the form of another substance. It refers to the difference of one thing from another thing. e.g. a table is not the chair, denoting the mutual exclusiveness of table and chair and the independent existence of one with respect to the existence or non-existence of the other.

अपकर्षणम् ( apakarṣaṇam )

Uprooting the cause of the disease
Removal of the dosha or other harmful substances.

अपची ( apacī )

Cervical and axillary lymphadenitis
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: stable/immobile swelling; round swelling; elongated prominent swelling; smooth glandular swelling; swelling with mild pain; Amalaka-sized swellings; swelling resembling fish egg; accumulation of same colour; numerous; itching; mild pain; reaching the suppuration stage; undergoing destruction over time; becoming chronic.

अपतन्त्रकः ( apatantrakaḥ )

Convulsive fit
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: the body bending like a bow, convulsive movements of body; confusion/delirium; difficulty in expiration/ laborious breathing; fixed/staring eyes; shutting eyes; cooing like a pigeon; frequent fainting/unconsciousness; pain in temporal region of head/temples; pain in head/headache; pain in precordial region/angina pectoris; loss of movement; sunken eyes/downward gaze.

अपतर्पणकर्म (व्रणचिकित्सा) ( apatarpaṇakarma (vraṇacikitsā) )

Therapeutic abstinence from food for wound management
Therapeutic abstinence from food which is the foremost management strategy for wounds.

अपतर्पणम् ( apatarpaṇam )

Depleting therapy
A procedure of disease alleviation by depletion of bodily tissues.

अपतानकः ( apatānakaḥ )

Orthotonus
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: fixed eyes/gaze; loss of consciousness; cooing sound from throat; repeated fainting; regaining consciousness after a while in recovery; offering water to the ancestral souls/ritual arrangements for sacrifice to the spirits of dead persons.

अपथ्यम् ( apathyam )

Unwholesome
Dietary items, activities and behavioural regimens that are not beneficial for the body channels or systems. These are subject to individual variations. Antonym of pathya.

अपदेशः ( apadeśaḥ )

Supporting a proposed hypothesis
Justifying a proposed hypothesis by providing a presumptive cause or rationale.

अपरत्वम् ( aparatvam )

Relatively inferior, further from the cause
Inferiority of substance in relation to other substances.

अपरा, अमरा ( aparā, amarā )

Placenta

अपरिक्लिन्नवर्त्म/ क्लिष्ट-वर्त्म ( apariklinnavartma/ kliṣṭa-vartma )

Mucopurulent conjunctivitis
A disorder characterized by the eyelids repeatedly sticking together even after recurrent cleansing; absence of suppuration.

अपलापः (मर्म) ( apalāpaḥ (marma) )

Vulnerable location(s) on the chest
Two in number (one on either side of the chest) and leads to death due to pus formation when injured.

अपवर्गः ( apavargaḥ )

Statement of exception
A statement which indicates or includes an exception to a general rule.

अपस्तम्भः (मर्म) ( apastambhaḥ (marma) )

Vulnerable location(s) on the chest
Two in number (one on either side of the chest) and leads to death due to cough and difficulty in breathing due to air in the chest cavity when injured.

अपस्मारः ( apasmāraḥ )

Epilepsy
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: perversion of memory; perversion of intellect; perversion of cognitive psychic faculties; possessing transient/episodic abnormal activities; feeling as if entering into darkness; confusion; seeing unreal scenes or nonexistent things; falling down/fumbling; flickering tongue; fluttering eyes; fluttering eyebrows; excessive salivation; jerking hand; jerking leg; abnormal tongue movements; abnormal frowning; unstable eyeball movements; teeth-grinding; frothy vomiting; dilated and widened eyes; regaining consciousness after a time/abnormal movements or behaviour after a subsequent time; redness/congestion/inflammation.

अपाङ्गः, अपाङ्गसन्धिः ( apāṅgaḥ, apāṅgasandhiḥ )

Outer canthus

अपाङ्गदेशः ( apāṅgadeśaḥ )

Part of the outer canthus

अपानः ( apānaḥ )

Descending vata
Subtype of vata seated in the pelvic region and its vicinity. It exerts a downward force. It controls functions like defecation, micturition, parturition, menstruation and ejaculation.

अपानवातकोपः ( apānavātakopaḥ )

Aggravation of descending vata
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: diseases of distal gastrointestinal tract; disorders of urinary system; disorders of semen; haemorrhoids; rectal prolapse.

अपीनसः ( apīnasaḥ )

Chronic rhinitis (allergic)
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: obstruction of the nasal passage; smoky sensation in nose; sliminess in nose; dryness of nose; inability to recognise smell; inability to identify taste; infection with organisms; respiration with ghurghur sound; producing more distress than pīnasa roga; discharge from nose resembling a sheep; continuous discharge; slimy discharge; yellowish discharge; discharge of suppurated nasal excreta; discharge of thick nasal discharge.

अपूपः ( apūpaḥ )

Flour cake, a type of bread
A type of food preparation made from rice, barley, or wheat flour.

अप्रहर्षणम् ( apraharṣaṇam )

Reduced or absent sexual desire or satisfaction
The inability to perform coitus due to lack of interest in the female partner or lack of orgasm or pleasure if intercourse takes place.

अबुध्नव्रणः ( abudhnavraṇaḥ )

Superficial wound
A condition characterized by inflammation/suppuration in which bandaging is contraindicated.

अब्रह्मचर्यम् ( abrahmacharyam )

Non-celibacy
Appropriate indulgence in sensual pleasures including sexual activity (in moderation).

अभक्तम्, अनन्नम् ( abhaktam, anannam )

Administration of medicine on empty stomach

अभावः ( abhāvaḥ )

Nonexistence
Absence, negation or nonexistence: there are four kinds.

अभिघात-विरेचनव्यापत् ( abhighāta-virecanavyāpat )

Condition caused by purgation therapy administered to person with bodily injury
A condition characterized by its life-endangering risk.

अभिघातज-अरोचकः ( abhighātaja-arocakaḥ )

Anorexia due to injury

अभिघातज-ओष्ठप्रकोपः/ क्षतज-ओष्ठप्रकोपः ( abhighātajaoṣṭhaprakopaḥ/ kṣatajaoṣṭhaprakopaḥ )

Traumatic lip
A disorder characterized by its traumatic nature; cracking of lips; fissuring of lips; nodular swelling of lips; itching associated with lips.

अभिघातज-लिङ्गनाशः ( abhighātaja-liṅganāśaḥ )

Mature cataract due to trauma
A disorder characterized by a cracked cornea; weakness of eyes; loss of vision; fatigued mind and body.

अभिघातजव्रणशोफः ( abhighātajavraṇaśophaḥ )

Pre-ulcerative inflammation due to trauma
A condition characterized by suppuration without delay; yellowish-coloured swelling; black-coloured swelling; bloody red-coloured swelling; soft oedema; reddish swelling; burning sensation; severe burning sensation; intensely blackcoloured swelling.

अभिघातजशोफः/ क्षतजशोफः ( abhighātajaśophaḥ/ kṣatajaśophaḥ )

Oedema due to trauma
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: severe heat; reddish-coloured oedema/ haematoma; generally clinical features of pittaja type; soft oedema; with odour; blackish oedema; yellowish oedema; oedema with redness; rapidly spreading/rapidly remitting; symptoms such as burning sensation with sweating and restlessness; coppery hairs; occurring first in mid-part of body; severe burning sensation.

अभिष्यन्दः ( abhiṣyandaḥ )

Conjunctivitis

अभिष्यन्दि ( abhiṣyandi )

Substance inducing body secretions and clogging of channels
Substances blocking the channels that transport primary circulating nutrient fluid and producing heaviness in the body.

अभुक्तभक्तस्य अनुवासनस्य व्यापदः ( abhukta bhaktasya anuvāsanasya vyāpadaḥ )

Condition caused by A condition characterized by an oily enema medicated oily enema spreading upwards. administered to person who has not eaten

अभुक्ते च प्रणीतस्य स्नेह बस्ति व्यापद् ( abhukte ca praṇītasya sneha basti vyāpad )

Condition due to administration of enema on empty stomach
A condition characterized by enema fluid moving upwards and emerging from the throat or orifices in the upper part of body.

अभेषजम् ( abheṣajam )

Hazardous substance
A substance which has a deleterious or adverse effect on health. Antonym of medicine or medication.

अभ्यङ्गः ( abhyaṅgaḥ )

Application of oil to body
Procedure to induce oleation carried out by external application of an unctuous substance for therapeutic purposes and healthy well-being.

अभ्यङ्गकर्म (व्रणचिकित्सा) ( abhyaṅgakarma (vraṇacikitsā) )

Therapeutic massage Therapeutic application of annointment and massage for for wound management wound healing.

अभ्यनुज्ञा ( abhyanujñā )

Unquestioning acceptance
Unconditional acceptance of different positions, including those which are inconclusive.

अभ्यवहरणशक्तिः ( abhyavaharaṇa-śaktiḥ )

Ingestive power, food intake capacity
The capacity to ingest food, the amount of food which does not disturb an individual’s physiological functions. It differs from person to person and from time to time, being directly dependent on the individual’s digestive fire and psychological status.

अभ्यासः ( The quality of being able to repeat an action or procedure to abhyāsaḥ acquire expertise, as exemplified by the saying “practice makes perfect”: an important quality for physicians and pharmacists. )

Practice

अभ्रकम् ( abhrakam )

Mica
Biotite [iron mica (black) or ferro-magnesium mica: (HK)2(MgFe)2(AlFe)2(SiO4)3]. In calcinated form abhrakam is used as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral formulations.

अमूर्तद्रव्यम् ( amūrtadravyam )

Unmanifest, without form
An entity that has not settled into any fixed shape or form, and is not embodied.

अमृतीकरणम् ( amṛtīkaraṇam )

Removing residual impurities, toxicity
A process adopted for the exclusion of remnant impurities or toxicity

अम्बु/आपः ( ambu/āpaḥ )

Water

अम्बुवर्गः/जलवर्गः ( ambuvargaḥ/jalavargaḥ )

Group of various types of processed and unprocessed water
The group of various types of processed and unprocessed water such as rainwater, water from wells, lakes and rivers, coconut water and boiled water.

अम्ल-रसः ( amla-rasaḥ )

Sour taste

अम्लपित्तम् ( amlapittam )

Hyperacidity
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: indigestion; exhaustion without exertion; nausea/provocation of dosha; bitter belchings/eructations; sour belchings/eructations; heaviness; burning sensation in precordial/cardiac region; burning sensation in throat; loss of taste.

अम्लमेहः ( amlamehaḥ )

Polyuria disorder with urine smelling and tasting like acidic substance
A disorder characterized by sour-smelling urine; sourtasting urine.

अम्लरसातियोगः ( amlarasātiyogaḥ )

Disorder due to excessive intake of sour substances
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: sensitive teeth/dental hyperaesthesia; shutting of eyes; blistering; melting of kapha/mucus; increased pitta; vitiation of rakta; burning sensation in māṃsa/ inflammation in māṃsa; laxity of body; generalised swelling in thin/emaciated persons; swelling in weak; suppuration of wound; suppuration of beaten wounds; suppuration of bite wounds; suppuration of burnt wounds; suppuration of fracture wounds; suppuration of oedema; suppuration of lesion contaminated with excreta of poisonous animals; suppuration of lesions contaminated with urine of poisonous animals; suppuration of lesion contaminated with poisonous animals; suppuration of bruises/crush injuries; suppuration of cuts/ open wounds; suppuration of pierced wounds; suppuration of dislocated lesions; suppuration of raised wounds; suppuration of crushed wounds; burning sensation in kaṇṭha/throat; burning sensation in chest; burning sensation in cardiac region; itching; pallor; impaired vision; spreading of wounds; bleeding tendency; excessive thirst; oedema in emaciated; giddiness or dizziness; errors of refraction/partial blindness; oedema; blisters; fever.

अम्लसूपः ( amlasūpaḥ )

Sour soup
A soup prepared by adding a sour substance.

अम्लस्कन्धः ( amlaskandhaḥ )

Group of sour substances

अम्लाध्युषितः/अम्लोषितः ( amlādhyuṣitaḥ/ amloṣitaḥ )

Chemosis
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: oedema; redness of eyes; bluish discoloration of eyes; blackish discoloration of eyes; burning sensation of eyes; inflammation/suppuration; tear secretion; sudden onset of blurred vision.

अम्लावस्थापाकः ( amla avasthāpākaḥ )

Sour predominant stage of digestion
During the second and intermediate stage of digestion in the gastrointestinal tract the ingested food is transformed to a predominantly sour state. This results in the generation of pitta-dosha.

अयनम् ( ayanam )

Time equivalent to six months
Time equal to 6 lunar months or 180 days.

अयस्कान्तः ( ayaskāntaḥ )

Removal of foreign body magnetically
The removal of a loosely impacted foreign body by means of a magnet.

अयुतसिद्धत्वम् ( ayutasiddhatvam )

Inseparable coexistence
What is inseparable, inherent and essentially unified, e.g. an organic body.

अयोगबस्तिव्यापत् ( ayogabastivyāpat )

Condition due to subnormal or inadequate administration of enema therapy
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: heaviness in the gastrointestinal tract; retention of flatus; obstruction to passage of urine/retention; obstruction/retention of faeces; pain in umblical region; pain in urinary bladder or basti; burning sensation; sensation of heart being attached to sticky material; oedema in the rectum; itching; nodular swelling; discoloration; loss of taste; weaking of agni.

अरत्निः ( aratniḥ )

Distance between elbow and tip of little finger
Measure of length equal to the distance between the elbow and the tip of the little finger: 16.5 inches or 41.91 cm, approximately equivalent to 22 aṅgula.

अरिष्ट-बन्धनम् (विषोपक्रमः) ( ariṣṭa-bandhanam (viṣopakramaḥ) )

Tourniquet and ligature accompanied or not by chanting
Application of a tourniquet to stop the spread of poison which may or may not be accompanied by chanting of a specific mantra.

अरिष्टलक्षणम् ( ariṣṭalakṣaṇam )

Sign or symptom of impending death
The presence of ominous signs and symptoms indicative of a poor prognosis or impending death.

अरुणसिरा ( aruṇa-sirā )

Small arterial branches

अरूंशिका ( arūṃṣikā )

Furunculosis
A disorder characterized by wet papules on scalp; scalp lesions with multiple openings; lesions resembling mustard seeds in shape and size; lesion resembling black oil plant or jyotishmati (Celestrus paniculatus) seeds in shape and size.

अरोचकः ( arocakaḥ )

Anorexia

अरोचकार्तस्य अनुवासनस्य व्यापदः ( arocakārtasya anuvāsanasya vyāpadaḥ )

Condition caused by A condition characterized by an impaired desire for food. medicated oily enema administered to person with anorexia

अर्क यन्त्रम् ( arkayantram )

Distillation apparatus

अर्जुनः ( arjunaḥ )

Subconjunctival haemorrhage of haemangioma
A disorder characterized by a dot resembling rabbit’s blood; painless; glossy.

अर्थः, वैशेषिकगुणाः ( arthaḥ, vaiśeṣikaguṇāḥ )

Objects of special senses
The five objects of sensory perception: touch, smell, sight, taste and sound.

अर्थप्राप्तिः ( arthaprāptiḥ )

Implied meaning
A statement whose derived meaning allows for another interpretation.

अर्थान्तरम् ( arthāntaram )

Varying meaning or shifting the topic
A statement that is not relevant or applicable to its context.

अर्थापत्तिः ( arthāpattiḥ )

Implied or inferred meaning
Making statements in such a way to allow room for different inferences or presumptions.

अर्थाश्रयः ( arthāśrayaḥ )

Source of meaning
The word or part of a sentence which encapsulates the actual meaning.

अर्दितः ( arditaḥ )

Facial paralysis
A disorder characterized by localized paralysis of one half of the face with or without involvement of the body.

अर्धकपाटसन्धिक: ( ardhakapāṭasandhika )

Lobuloplasty type 10
A type of lobuloplasty indicated when the outer division of the earlobe is long and the inner one short.

अर्धचन्द्रमण्डलवत्-छेदः ( ardhacandramaṇḍalavatchedaḥ )

Semicircular incision
A type of semicircular incision indicated for surgical procedures.

अर्धधारशस्त्रम् ( ardhadhāraśastram )

Half-edged knife
A sharp knife with a half-edged blade used for incision or excision.

अर्धावभेदकः ( ardhāvabhedakaḥ )

Headache in half of head (hemicrania)
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: severe pain in the neck resembling that caused by a sharp weapon; severe pain in neck resembling a sting; severe pain in eyebrows resembling that caused by sharp weapon; severe pain in eyebrows resembling a sting; severe pain in temporal region resembling that caused by sharp weapon; severe pain in temporal region resembling a sting; severe pain in ear resembling that caused by sharp weapon; severe pain in ear resembling a sting; severe pain in eyes resembling that caused by sharp weapon; severe pain in eyes resembling a sting; severe pain in one half of forehead resembling that caused by sharp weapon; severe pain in one half of forehead resembling a sting; disease progression giving rise to eye damage; disease progression giving rise to ear damage; severe breaking pain in upper part of body/head; severe pricking pain in upper part of body/head; severe giddiness; severe pain in head/upper part of body; sudden headache; fortnightly headache; headache developing about every 10 days; burning sensation in one half of head; pain developing within a month; self-limiting pain.

अर्बुदः ( arbudaḥ )

Tumour
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: deep-rooted elevation of muscle; slowly growing and nonsuppurating swelling; slightly painful swelling; broad and deep-rooted swelling; round swelling; fixed swelling.

अर्शः ( arśaḥ )

Haemorrhoids
Vitiated dosha affecting the skin, flesh and fat and causing sprout-like growths of flesh in various patterns in the anal region.

अर्शसस्य अनुवासनस्य व्यापदः ( arśasasya anuvāsanasya vyāpadaḥ )

Condition caused by A condition characterized by stickiness of haemorrhoids medicated oily enema leading to abdominal distension. administered to person with piles

अर्शोवर्त्म ( arśovartma )

Papillary form of trachoma
A disorder characterized by projections resembling eravaruka seeds appearing in the eyelids; mild pain; minute eruptions; rough boils; glossy.

अलजी ( alajī )

Phlyctenular keratoconjuctivitis
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a swelling originating in the limbus region; coppery-coloured swelling; large swelling; swelling with burning sensation; swelling with pain; rounded swelling; situated in medial canthus; similar to lesions of the same name; hard eruption; red eruptions; white-coloured eruption; boil full of blisters; pain in interdigital space of feet; itching in interdigital space of foot; rotting in interdigital space of foot; burning in interdigital space of foot.

अलजी-प्रमेहपिडका ( alajī-pramehapiḍakā )

Carbuncle characterized by reddish white blisters
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a raised boil with burning skin; excessive thirst; confusion/delirium; fever; uninterrupted spread/spreads more at night; pain resembles being burnt with fire; severely painful; spreading in nature; reddish eruptions; blackish; with blisters; burning sensation; hard boil or piḍaka; white-colour on eruption.

अलजीशूकरोगः ( alajīśūkarogaḥ )

Reddish-white blisters on the penis
A disease of the penis characterized by red eruptions; whitecoloured eruption; blister; hard boil.

अलर्क विषः ( alarkaviṣaḥ )

Poisoning due to rabid dog bite
Poisoning characterized by numbness; blackish bleeding; precordial pain/cardiac pain; headache; fever; rigidity/ stiffness; thirst; syncope or swooning.

अलसः ( alasaḥ )

Lesion of interdigital clefts of feet
A disorder characterized by pain in the interdigital areas of feet; itching in interdigital areas of feet; sticky moistness of interdigital areas of feet; burning sensation of interdigital areas of feet.

अलसक-अजीर्णम् ( alasaka-ajīrṇam )

Intumescence of abdomen with constipation and flatus; delayed and obstructive digestive process
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: marked abdominal distension; a sinking feeling; borborygmi; obstructed flatus leading to reversed peristalsis; obstruction of faeces; suppression of thirst; suppression of eructations; colicky pain in abdomen; borborygmi with distension; generalized body aches; dryness of mouth; syncope or swooning; giddiness or dizziness; impairment of agni; stiffness of sides of chest; stiffness of back; contraction movement of sira; rigidity of sira; tremors; rigidity/stiffness; fever; burning sensation inside the body; thirst; intoxication; giddiness or dizziness; excessive talking/ irrelevant speech/incoherent speech; loss of taste; indigestion; fever with chills; lethargy; heaviness of body parts; impediment of speech/dysphasia; spitting/excessive expectoration.

अलसक; विसूचिक; आम प्रजात; आमातिसारिणाम आस्थापनस्यव्यापदः ( alasaka; visūcika; āma prajāta; āmātisāriṇāma āsthāpanasyavyāpadaḥ )

Condition caused by medicated decoction enema administered to person with intumescence of abdomen with constipation and flatus
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: clinical features of āma. Alasaka is a type of indigestion caused by vitiation of vata which is obstructed by kapha and is characterized by constipation; abdominal colic and flatulence.

अलसककुष्ठः/अलसकुष्ठः ( alasakakuṣṭhaḥ/ alasakuṣṭhaḥ )

Skin disease with nodular skin lesions
A skin disease characterized by lesions associated with itching sensation; reddish nodules.

अलाबू-अवचरणम् ( alābū-avacaraṇam )

Bloodletting using bottle gourd
Bloodletting by means of the bottle gourd (alābu) in a procedure which resembles cupping.

अलासः ( alāsaḥ )

Sublingual cyst; abscess
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a firm swelling at the base of the tongue; fixing of the tongue; severe suppuration/inflammation at root of tongue; smell resembling a fish; erosion of soft tissue.

अलोभः ( alobhaḥ )

Contentment
A state of mind unaffected by greed, freedom from undue desire, disinterestedness.

अल्पप्रवृत्तरक्तः ( alpapravṛttaraktaḥ )

Condition due to scanty bleeding condition

अल्पशुक्रता ( alpaśukratā )

Reduced semen
A decrease in the amount of seminal fluid or decreased sperm count.

अवक्षिप्त-सन्धिमुक्तम्/ अधःक्षिप्त-सन्धिमुक्तम् ( avakṣipta-sandhimuktam/ adhaḥkṣiptasandhimuktam )

Dislocation with downward displacement
A dislocation characterized by loosening or dislocation of joints; severe joint pain.

अवगाहः (विषोपक्रमः) ( avagāhaḥ (viṣopakramaḥ) )

Detoxifying immersion therapy
Immersing an affected part in specific medicated decoctions or oils to treat poisoning.

अवगाहस्वेदः ( avagāhasvedaḥ )

Sweating induced by immersion in prewarmed liquid
Sudation achieved by immersion: sitting in a prewarmed liquid such as a medicated oil or decoction.

अवचूर्णनम् (व्रणचिकित्सा) ( avacūrṇanam (vraṇacikitsā) )

Topical dusting for wound management
Therapeutic dusting of medicated powder over a wound.

अवटुः, घाता ( avaṭuḥ, ghāṭā )

Nape of the neck

अवपीडकः ( avapīḍakaḥ )

Preputial tear
A disorder characterized by fissuring or cracking of the preputial skin.

अवपीडनम् ( avapīḍanam )

Intranasal therapy with expressed juice from paste
Therapeutic intranasal instillation of the freshly expressed juice of herbal drugs.

अवबद्धशल्यम् ( avabaddhaśalyam )

Firmly lodged foreign body
A foreign body which is strongly impacted or stuck in the body.

अवबाहुकः ( avabāhukaḥ )

Painful conditions of shoulder joints with severely affected or restricted movements
A disorder characterized by atrophy of structures binding the shoulder joints/wasting of shoulder region; ligamentous contractions; inhibition of upper limb movements.

अवभासिनी, उदकधरा ( avabhāsinī, udakadharā )

First layer of skin

अवमन्थः ( avamanthaḥ )

Multiple large boils on the penis
A disease of the penis characterized by the appearance of large boils; multiple boils; pitted in centre of boil; painful; causing hyperaesthesia/horripilation.

अवयवः, शरीरावयवः ( avayavaḥ, śarīrāvayavaḥ )

A body part or organ

अवर/हीनशुद्धिः ( avara/hīnaśuddhiḥ )

Insufficient cleansing
Achievement of a lesser or mild degree of dosha evacuation during cleansing therapy.

अवलम्बककफः ( avalambaka-kaphaḥ )

Supporting kapha
Subtype of kapha seated in the chest region which supports and sustains the heart and other sites of kapha.

अवसादनम् ( avasādanam )

Hypergranulation reduction
Application of a medicated paste to reduce wound hypergranulation.

अवसादीशुक्रदोषः ( avasādīśukradoṣaḥ )

Semen with dull flow
An increase in the specific gravity of semen with reduced motility.

अवसेचनकर्म ( avasecanakarma )

Bloodletting
The process of bloodletting with leeches.

अवस्थापाक ( avasthāpākaḥ )

Digestion at gastrointestinal tract level

अवस्थापाकः ( avasthāpākaḥ )

Initial phase of digestion
The initial phase of digestion which involves the action of transformative factors on food in the gastrointestinal tract , which has three sequential stages resulting in the production of kapha, pitta and vata respectively.

अविनाभावसंबन्धः ( avinābhāvasaṃbandhaḥ )

Invariable concomitance, sensitivity
The level of sensitivity between cause (hetu) and sign (linga). When the sign is invariably present with the cause (when the symptom is always seen associated with the pathological condition), this is referred to as invariable concomitance or sensitivity.

अव्यभिचारित्व ( avyabhicāritva )

Non-deviation, specificity
The level of specificity between cause (hetu) and sign (linga). When the sign is coterminous with the cause and no other entity (when the symptom is seen only with a particular pathological condition) this is referred to as non-deviation or specificity.

अव्ययः ( avyayaḥ )

Immutable
Not liable to change; imperishable , undecaying.

अव्यापन्नर्तुकृतरोगः ( avyāpannartukṛtarogaḥ )

Diseases resulting from regular climatic changes
Diseases and conditions resulting from poor adaptation to the seasons.

अव्यायामः ( avyāyāmaḥ )

Disorder due to lack of physical exercise
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: obesity, gasping for air, excessive thirst, snoring, exhaustion, lack of physical strength,and endurance.

अव्रणशुक्रः ( avraṇaśukraḥ )

Corneal opacity
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a white spot appearing in the black spot of the eye caused by abhisyanda and not associated with excessive pain or lacrimation; associated with discharge; absence of severe pain; scanty watering of eyes; resembling a white cloud in the sky/thin cloud in the sky; sucking type of pain; resembling the moon; resembling indu; resembling a conch.

अशस्त्रकृत्-रोगः ( aśastrakṛt-rogaḥ )

Eye disorders in which surgery is contraindicated
Eye diseases which can be managed without a surgical procedure.

अशितम् ( aśitam )

Eatables
Solid food items such as rice, bread, and pancakes which are to be chewed when consumed.

अशुद्धरक्तस्तम्भनम् ( aśuddharaktastambhanam )

Condition of hoaemostasis of vitiated blood
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: choking sensation in throat; pus discharge from the nose; syncope or swooning; loss of taste; fever; palpable glandular enlargement in abdomen/abdominal lump; enlargement of plīha; borborygmi with distension; a type of skin disease; dysuria; skin diseases; haemorrhoids; erysipelas; loss of complexion; anal fistula; inhibition of sense function; obstruction of sense organ functioning.

अशोफपाकः ( aśophapākaḥ )

Non-inflammatory atrophy of the globe
A disorder characterized by having all the features of sasopha netrapaka except for swelling; less swelling.

अश्मघनस्वेदः ( aśmaghanasvedaḥ )

Sweating induced on prewarmed stone bed
A type of sudation therapy in which diaphoresis is achieved by lying down on a prewarmed stone bed.

अश्मनोःसंघटट्नंकर्णयोर्मूले ( aśmanoḥsaṃghaṭṭanaṃk arṇayormūle )

Striking stones close to the ear
A step in neonatal resuscitation in which a sound stimulus is produced by striking two stones together close to the baby’s ear.

अश्मरी ( aśmarī )

Urinary calculus
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: obstructed passage of urine; pain in urinary bladder region or basti; pain in perineal raphe; penile pain; scattering of urinary stream/split-stream urination; rubbing of penis due to pain; frequent passing of stools; frequent urination; passage of urine mixed with blood; pain in umbilical region; severe pain; urine resembling gomedaka stone/pale yellow; excessively turbid urine; gravel in urine; headache; comfortable passage of clear urine when stone is evacuated.

अश्मरी-पूर्वरूपम् ( aśmarī-pūrvarūpam )

Prodromal symptoms of urinary calculus
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: fever; loss of taste; dysuria; pain in urinary bladder; headache; pain in scrotum; pain in penis; weakness in body associated with discomfort; urine smelling of goat; increased urinary density; turbid urine; bloating of urinary bladder or basti; severe pain around urinary bladder.

अश्मरीजमूत्रकृच्छ्रम् ( aśmarījamūtrakṛcchram )

Difficulty in urination due to calculi

अश्रुः ( aśru )

Lacrimal fluid (tears)

अश्रुनिग्रहज-उदावर्तः ( aśrunigrahaja-udāvartaḥ )

Disorders of reversed or altered visceral movement due to suppression of tears
A disorder characterized by heaviness of head; severe diseases of the eye; cold catarrh.

अश्रुमार्गः ( aśrumārgaḥ )

Lacrimal apparatus

अश्रुवाहिनी ( aśruvāhinī )

Lacrimal canaliculi

अश्रुवेगरोधः/बाष्पवेगरोधः ( aśruvegarodhaḥ/ bāṣpavegarodhaḥ )

Disorder due to withholding of tears
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: cold catarrh; diseases of eyes; heart diseases; loss of taste; giddiness or dizziness; heaviness of head/headache; cold catarrh; torticollis/stiffness of neck; palpable glandular enlargement in abdomen/abdominal lump.

अष्टममासगर्भ: ( aṣṭamamāsa-garbha: )

Eighth month of pregnancy
This month is characterized by frequent joyfulness of the pregnant woman; frequent exhaustion of the pregnant woman; intermittent foetal movements in the womb; intermittent absence of foetal movements in the womb.

अष्टविधशस्त्रकर्म ( aṣṭavidhaśastrakarma )

Eight types of surgical procedure
Eight types of principal surgical procedures.

अष्टस्थानपरीक्षा ( aṣṭasthānaparīkṣā )

Eight methods of clinical examination
Clinical examination of eight domains: 1. pulse ; 2. urine; 3. excreta; 4. tongue; 5. voice and other body-sounds such as breathing and heart; 6. tactile examination; 7. eyes and eyesight; 8. build and appearance.

अष्टाङ्गायुर्वेदः ( aṣṭāṅgāyurvedaḥ )

Eight clinical specialities of Ayurveda

अष्ठीलिका ( aṣṭhīlikā )

Hard boils with uneven margins on the penis
A disease of the penis characterized by margins which are irregular/uneven; hard in nature; cracked/broken.

अंसः, स्कन्धः ( aṃsaḥ, skandhaḥ )

Shoulder

अंसकू टः ( aṃsakūṭaḥ )

Acromion

अंसदेशः ( aṃsadeśaḥ )

Shoulder region

अंसपिण्डः, अंसपिण्डिका ( aṃsapiṇḍaḥ, aṃsapiṇḍikā )

Deltoid prominence of the shoulder

अंसपिण्डिका ( aṃsapiṇḍikā )

Deltoid prominence of the shoulder

अंसपीठम् ( aṃsapīṭham )

Glenoid cavity

अंसफलकः ( aṃsaphalakaḥ )

Scapula

अंसफलकम् (मर्म) ( aṃsaphalakam (marma)

Vulnerable location(s) near the midpoint of the scapula
Two in number (one on each side) which when injured leads to loss of sensation and wasting of arms.

अंसबन्धनम् ( aṃsabandhanam )

Supporting structures of the shoulder joint

असमवायि-कारणम् ( asamavāyi-kāraṇam )

Non-inherent cause
This type of cause includes only qualities (including relational qualities) that inhere in the causal substrate and are causally relevant to the effect, e.g. coloured threads in the appearance of a piece of cloth.

अंसमूलम्, बाहुशिरः, बाहुशीर्षः ( aṃsamūlam, bāhuśiraḥ, bāhuśīrṣaḥ )

Area around the apex of scapula

अंसशोषः ( aṃsaśoṣaḥ )

Muscle wasting around shoulder joint
A disorder characterized by atrophy of structures binding the shoulder joints/wasting of shoulder region.

अंससन्धिः, बाहुशिरसन्धिः ( aṃsasandhiḥ, bāhuśirasandhiḥ )

Shoulder joint

असात्म्येन्द्रियार्थसंयोगः ( asātmyendriyārthasamyogaḥ )

Improper engagement of the senses
One of the three primary causes of a disease owing to misuse (underuse, overuse and abuse) of the senses.

असाध्य-कोष्ठभेदः ( asādhya-koṣṭhabhedaḥ )

Irremediable internal visceral injury
A disorder characterized by expiration of cold air; internal bleeding; cold legs; cold hands; cold face; reddishcoloured eyes.

असाध्य-सव्रणशुक्रः ( asādhya-savraṇaśukraḥ )

Irremediable corneal ulcer
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: perforation of the mid-eye; covered by granulation tissue; migrating from place to place; full of blood vessels; obstructing vision; two layers involved; reddish at the periphery; of long duration; discharge of hot tears; boils resembling green gram; lesions resembling tittiri bird feathers; severe pricking type of pain; blackishness resembling needle puncture.

असाध्यरोगः ( asādhyarogaḥ )

Diseases that are incurable
Diseases which are incurable owing to the implication of all dosha, multiple structural components and channels.

असृग्गतवातः/रक्तगतवातः ( asṛggatavātaḥ/ raktagatavātaḥ )

Aggravation of vata in blood
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: acute pain with a burning sensation; discoloration; emaciation; loss of taste; appearance of rash/ scabs on the body; stiffness of body after taking food; sleepiness/numbness; redness/congestion; indigestion; giddiness or dizziness; wound/ulcer/sore.

असृग्दरः/रक्तप्रदरः ( asṛgdaraḥ/ raktapradaraḥ )

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding
A gynaecological disorder characterized by quantitative vitiation of blood; generalized body aches; pain; weakness; giddiness or dizziness; syncope or swooning; black-outs; thirst; burning sensation; excessive talking/irrelevant speech/ incoherent speech; pallor; drowsiness/lassitude; diseases of vata; intoxication.

असृग्वहा ( asṛgvahā )

Blood vessels

असृजपूर्णकोष्ठदाहः ( asṛjapūrṇakoṣṭhadāhaḥ )

Generalized burning sensation due to internal bleeding
A disorder characterized by the abdomen filling up with blood.

अस्थि ( asthi )

Bone

अस्थिक्षयः ( asthikṣayaḥ )

Diminution of bone
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: scalp hair loss/thinning; body hair loss/ thinning; nail fall/thinning; beard/moustache loss/thinning; tooth loss/decay; exhaustion/fatigue; joint dislocation/laxity; bone pains; cracked teeth; cracked nails; dryness; roughness/ dryness; pricking type of bone pains; desire to eat bony meat.

अस्थिखण्डः ( asthikhaṇḍaḥ )

Part of bone

अस्थिगत-शल्यः ( asthigata-śalyaḥ )

Foreign body in the bones
A disorder due to presence of foreign body in the bones; characterized by a feeling of fullness; various types of pain; oedema.

अस्थिगतमसूरिका ( asthigatamasūrikā )

Lentil-shaped pox disease localized in bone
Lentil-shaped eruptive disorder is characterized by eruptions which are small in size; colour of eruptions similar to skin; dry eruptions; flat eruptions; slightly raised eruptions; marked confusion; pain; severe distress/discontent/restlessness; damaging the vital parts or marmasthāna; causing sudden death; pain in bones as if stung by bee.

अस्थिगतवातः ( asthigatavātaḥ )

Aggravation of vata in bone
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: cracking type of pain in bone and small joints; extreme wasting of muscles/diminution of muscle mass; loss of physical strength or weakness; insomnia/sleeplessness; constant pain; pain in thighs; pain in joints; severe loss of physical strength; diminution of asthi/osteopenia/ osteoporosis.

अस्थिजालम् ( asthijālam )

Network of bones

अस्थिधातुः ( asthi-dhātuḥ )

Bone
The fifth of the seven fundamental structural components. Its function is to provide bodily stability. It is composed predominantly of the basic elements earth and space. It refers to bone tissue.

अस्थिधातुगतज्वरः ( asthidhātugatajvaraḥ )

Fever due to vitiated bone
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: purgation and emesis; breaking/splitting type of bone pains; cooing like a pigeon; convulsive movements of limbs; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; purging; vomiting; upward and downward expulsion of dosha.

अस्थिधात्वग्निः ( asthidhātvagniḥ )

Metabolic factors located in bone
The transformative factor which converts fat to bone

अस्थिपञ्जरः ( asthipañjaraḥ )

Skeleton
The bony framework of the body.

अस्थिमर्म ( asthimarma )

Vulnerable location(s) in which the main structural component is bone
Marma where bone/skeletal tissue is structurally prominent. .

अस्थिवहस्रोतः ( asthivahasrotaḥ )

Channel carrying bone
The pathway for bone. Entities related to this channel are fat and the hip region.

अस्थिवहस्रोतोदुष्टिः ( asthivahasrotoduṣṭiḥ )

Vitiation of channels carrying bone
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: hypertrophy of bones and teeth or atrophy, pain in the teeth, bones discoloration of the hair, head, body, face, and nails.

अस्थिवहस्रोतोविद्धः ( asthivahasrotoviddhaḥ )

Injury to the channels that nourish bone

अस्थिविवरम् ( asthivivaram )

Medullary canal
The cavity within the bone containing marrow.

अस्थिवृद्धिः ( asthivṛddhiḥ )

Morbid increase of bone
A disorder characterized by excessive growth of bones/ overlapping bones; excessive growth of teeth/redundant overlapping teeth.

अस्थिवैषम्यम् ( asthivaiṣamyam )

Disproportion of bone
Changes in the normal quantity and quality of osseous tissue.

अस्थिसङ्घातः, सङ्घातः ( asthisaṅghātaḥ, saṅghātaḥ )

Conglomeration of bones
A site at which more than two bones articulate or come together.

अस्थिसारः ( asthi-sāraḥ )

Person with predominance or essence of bone
Characterized by features such as having large heels, ankles, knees, forearms, clavicles, chin, head, joints, bones, nails, teeth; having great enthusiasm; dynamism; ability to tolerate suffering; having firmness of body and longevity.

अस्थ्याश्रितंपटलम् ( asthyāśritaṃpaṭalam )

Nuclear part of lens
The fourth layer of the eye.

अहङ्कारः ( ahaṅkāraḥ )

Ego
A term for ego in the possessive or prideful sense; also, a principle in the cosmic development of individuality or selfconsciousness.

अहर्षणम् ( aharṣaṇam )

Absent arousal or desire for intercourse
Lack of sexual arousal or desire to engage in intercourse.

अहितायुः ( ahitāyuḥ )

Unsalutary life
A mode of life that is disadvantageous for oneself and generally detrimental.

अहितेभ्योऽर्थेभ्योमनोनिग्रह ( ahitebhyoarthebhyomanonigraha )

Restraining the mind from unwholesome desires
The key method of satvavajaya-cikitsā is to restrain the mind from unwholesome desires and unnecessary engagement with sensory objects.

अहिपूतन ( ahipūtana )

Napkin rash
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: itching; sudden appearance of blisters; secretion from vesicles on itching; worsening of lesion on merging. A disorder that is generally due to unhygienic conditions or napkin allergy.

अहिपूतनकः ( ahipūtanakaḥ )

Napkin rash
A disorder characterized by itching in the anal region; sudden appearance of blisters; secretion from vesicles on scratching; dreadful lesion when coalescent.

अहृद्यम् ( ahṛdyam )

Substance reducing health and functioning of the heart, minddispleasing

अहेतुः ( ahetuḥ )

Fallacious reason
An argument which appears to be fallacious.

अहोरात्रः ( ahorātraḥ )

Time equivalent to 24 hours
Time equal to a complete day and night.

आकस्मिकरोगः ( ākasmikarogaḥ )

Idiopathic diseases
Diseases and conditions which manifest suddenly in the body without any apparent cause.

आकाशः ( ākāśaḥ )

Space element
Characterized by non-obstruction and responsible for the space occupied by all substances. It is the substratum of sound, perceived by the ears.

आक्षेपकः ( ākṣepakaḥ )

Convulsions
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: abrupt movements of limbs; wasting of hands; wasting of feet; wasting of blood vessels; wasting of muscles; wasting of tendons.

आगन्तुकशल्यम् ( āgantukaśalyam )

Obstruction caused by exogenous factors, foreign body
Any exogenous substance blocking normal functioning after it enters the body.

आगन्तुक्षवथुः ( āgantukṣavathuḥ )

Sneezing due to exogenous factors

आगन्तुजछर्दिः ( āgantujachardiḥ )

Vomiting due to extrinsic causes

आगन्तुजज्वरः ( āgantujajvaraḥ )

Fever due to external factors/reasons
Fever caused by exogenous factors such as trauma and infection and mental factors.

आगन्तुजव्रणः ( āgantujavraṇaḥ )

Traumatic wound
Various types of ulcers caused by external injury or trauma.

आग्नेयरसः ( āgneyarasaḥ )

Taste exerting heating effect
Taste exerting a heating effect due to the predominance of fire element.

आग्नेयरोगः ( āgneyarogaḥ )

Diseases caused by pitta
A disease caused by vitiation of pitta dosha in the body such as dyspepsia, bleeding tendency or jaundice.

आचाररसायनम् ( ācārarasāyanam )

Code and conduct
A cognitive and behavioural regimen to enhance well-being and quality of life.

आचाररसायनम् ( ācārarasāyanam )

Rejuvenation therapy through behaviour and practices
Rejuvenation therapy which promotes rejuvenation through the adoption of a prescribed code of conduct.

आचूषणकर्म ( ācūṣaṇakarma )

Removal of foreign body by sucking
The removal of a loosely impacted foreign body by sucking.

आचूषणकर्म ( ācūṣaṇakarma )

Suction
A procedure in which body fluids or foreign bodies are removed using a suction force.

आजस्रिकरसायनम् ( ājasrikarasāyanam )

Rejuvenation therapy for daily use
Rejuvenation therapy based on a specific diet to promote body immunity (daily intake of milk, ghee and similar substances).

आञ्छनकर्म ( āñchanakarma )

Traction
A procedure in which traction is applied, e.g. approximation of fractured bones and dislocated joints.

आटीमुखशस्त्रम् ( āṭīmukhaśastram )

Angular sharp instrument (curved scissors)
An angular sharp instrument, named after the “ati” bird (Bank myna, Turdus ginginianus), which is used for bloodletting and drainage.

आढकम् ( āḍhakam )

Measure of weight approximately equal to 3 kg and 72 g
Measure of weight equal to 256 karsha or 4 prastha.

आणि (मर्म) ( āṇi (marma) )

Vulnerable location(s) above the cubital fossa in upper limb and popliteal fossa in lower limb
Four in number (one in each limb) which when injured causes swelling and paralysis.

आतपः ( ātapaḥ )

Sweating induced by exposure to sun
A type of sudation therapy in which diaphoresis is achieved by exposure to the hot sun.

आतपः ( ātapaḥ )

Therapeutic exposure to sunlight
The process of exposing a person to sunlight as a therapeutic measure.

आतुरनिमित्तजः ( āturanimittajaḥ )

Patient-related adverse event
An adverse event due to insufficient adherence to the treatment regimen by the patient.

आत्मगुणः ( ātmaguṇaḥ )

Qualities of the self
The six attributes of the self (atma)
intelligence (buddhi), pleasure (sukha), sorrow (duḥkha), desire (iccha), aversion (dvesha) and effort (prayatna).

आत्मा ( ātmā )

Self
Soul, the principle of life and sensation, the individual self, the conscious element in the human body.

आदिबलप्रवृत्तरोगः ( ādibalapravṛttarogaḥ )

Hereditary diseases
A disease resulting from morbid sperm or ovum including all hereditary diseases.

आधारः ( ādhāraḥ )

Base, substratum

आधिदैविकरोगः ( ādhidaivikarogaḥ )

Diseases beyond human control
Diseases and conditions that arise from disturbances in nature such as natural calamities, seasonal or climatic variations, or following turbulent divine interventions such as floods, epidemics or droughts.

आधिभौतिकरोगः ( ādhibhautikarogaḥ )

Extrinsic, exogenous diseases
Diseases caused in the body due to exogenous or traumatic causes such as accidental injuries and falls or resulting from animal bites or poisons.

आध्मात-विरेचनव्यापत् ( ādhmāta-virecanavyāpat )

Condition caused by A condition characterized by severe flatulance; death. purgation therapy administered to person with abdominal distension

आध्मानबस्तिव्यापत् ( ādhmānabastivyāpat )

Condition of flatulence due to faulty enema therapy
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: abdominal distension; severe flatulance as if marma is afflicted; internal burning sensation; heaviness of gastrointestinal tract; scrotal pain; pain in groin region; cardiac pain; wandering character.

आध्मानम्-वमनव्यापत् ( ādhmānamvamanavyāpat )

Condition of abdominal distension due to faulty emetic therapy
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: distension in the umbilical region; pain in back; pain in sides of chest/flanks; headache; severe obstruction to passage of breath; severe obstruction to passage of stool; severe obstruction to passage of urine; severe obstruction to passage of flatus.

आध्मानविरेचनव्यापत् ( ādhmānavirecanavyāpat )

Condition of abdominal A condition characterized by some or all the following signs distension due to faulty and symptoms: distension in the umblical region; pain in purgative therapy back; pain in sides of chest/flanks; headache; obstruction to passage of breath; severe obstruction to passage of stool; severe obstruction to passage of urine; severe obstruction to passage of flatus.

आध्यात्मिक ( ādhyātmika )

Relating to self
Relating to the soul as the presiding entity over the body.

आध्यात्मिकरोगः ( ādhyātmikarogaḥ )

Intrinsic or endogenous diseases
A disease resulting from affliction of the psyche and body including all psychosomatic diseases.

आननम् ( ānanam )

Face, mouth

आनाहः/आध्मानम् ( ānāhaḥ/ ādhmānam )

Constipation and abdominal distension
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: gurgling intestinal sounds/borborygmi; excessive pain; abdominal distension; obstruction of flatus.

आनाहः/आध्मानम् ( ānāhaḥ/ ādhmānam )

Constipation and abdominal distension
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: gurgling intestinal sounds/borborygmi; excessive pain; abdominal distension; obstruction of flatus.

आन्तरिक्ष-जलम्/आन्तरिक्षउदकम्/ गङ्गाम्बु ( āntarikṣa-jalam/āntarikṣaudakam / gaṅgāmbu / )

Rainwater before reaching the earth’s surface
Rainwater collected directly before it touches the earth’s surface and considered the best of all types of water.

आन्त्रम्, अन्त्रम् ( āntram, antram )

Intestines

आन्त्रालजी ( āntrālajī )

Raised papule without opening
A disorder characterized by a lesion with small amount of pus or tending not to suppurate; lesion without punctum; raised circular lesion; thick and firm lesion; lesion resembling unripe fig fruit.

आप्तोपदेशः ( āptopadeśaḥ )

Codified knowledge, expert opinion
Statement of an authority or expert in a particular field.

आभ्यन्तर-कृमिः ( ābhyantara-kṛmiḥ )

Internal worm infestation

आभ्यन्तरस्नेहः, स्नेहपान ( ābhyantarasnehaḥ, snehapāna )

Internal oleation
The therapeutic administration of the appropriate dose of processed ghee, oil or any other unctuous substance internally to achieve oleation.

आभ्यन्तरहेतुः ( ābhyantarahetuḥ )

Intrinsic cause
Internal factors such as dosha and affected structural components in the body which act as prime causes of disease manifestation when they deviate from the normal stage of equilibrium.

आम, आमावस्था ( āma , āmāvastha )

Ama, a state of incomplete digestion, transformation or metabolism
A transient state of the body wherein the digestive, metabolic processes come to a standstill and do not further transform to end products, by-products or waste products. This standstill leads to various changes in the body such as blockade of channels, excess secretions, unusual accumulation of waste materials, slowing down of movements and catabolic processes. It presents with the following generic symptoms: loss of strength, heaviness, laziness, tastelessness or altered taste, and exhaustion even without physical or mental exertion. The ama phase is an initial stage of almost all disorders, e.g. fever or diarrhoea, which arises due to vitiation of endogenous factors: dosha, fundamental structural components and excretory products. Physiologically, the ama phase denotes early digestion of food in the stomach.

आमजज्वरः ( āmajajvaraḥ )

Fever due to ama, initial stage of fever, ama stage of fever
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: loss of taste; indigestion; heaviness of abdomen; a feeling of precordial fullness; drowsiness/lassitude; lethargy; nonsubsiding fever; hyperpyrexia; suppression of faeces and urine; excessive salivation; nausea; loss of appetite; unpleasant taste in mouth; stiffness of body parts; numbness of limbs; heaviness of body parts; frequent excessive micturition; improperly formed faecal matter; absence of muscle wasting; feeling as if the heart is wrapped; constipation; anhidrosis/lack of sweating; distress/discontent/restlessness; sleepiness; diminution of agni; poor oral hygiene; severe obstruction; exacerbated complications of fever.

आमजतृष्णा/त्रिदोषजतृष्णा ( āmajatṛṣṇā/ tridoṣajatṛṣṇā )

Morbid thirst due to ama
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: abdominal distension; loss of taste; mucus discharge through mouth; spitting; bodily exhaustion or tiredness; pain in cardiac region.

आमपक्वाशयः ( āmapakvāśayaḥ )

Gastrointestinal tract

आमवातः ( āmavātaḥ )

Polyarthitis due to ama
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: generalized body aches; loss of taste; thirst; lethargy; heaviness; fever; indigestion; oedema; heaviness of heart region; weakness; stiffness of whole body. The condition also describes rheumatic fever.

आमशूलः ( āmaśūlaḥ )

Abdominal colic due to āma
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: gurgling intestinal sounds/borborygmi; nausea; vomiting; heaviness; sensation of being wrapped in a wet cloth; borborygmi with distension; excessive salivation; features of kaphaja śula.

आमशोफः ( āmaśophaḥ )

Unripe swelling, pre-pus formation stage.
A disorder characterized by reduced swelling; induration; normal skin coloration; mild pain; hypothermia/mild warmth or cold swelling; stable oedema.

आमाजीर्णम्/कफजाजीर्णम् ( āmājīrṇam/ kaphajājīrṇam )

Indigestion due to sluggish gut motility, vitiation of kapha
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: swelling around the eyes; swelling in the cheek; eructations appear to be of same nature as food; eructations appearing as if had just eaten; excessive salivation; nausea/provocation of dosha; heaviness; non-sour eructations.

आमातिसारः ( āmātisāraḥ )

Diarrhoea due to ama
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: stools of various colours; pain during defecation; stools sink in water; very foul-smelling stool; gurgling intestinal sounds/borborygmi; constipation/abdominal fullness; pain; excessive salivation; split/broken/unformed stools; stools with mucus.

आमातिसारसङ्ग्रहः ( āmātisārasaṅgrahaḥ )

Condition of administering constipating drugs in ama condition of diarrhoea
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: rod-like stiffness; clinical features of alasaka; abdominal distension; grahaṇī; haemorrhoids; oedema; clinical features of pāṇḍu; plīha; skin diseases; palpable glandular enlargement in abdomen/abdominal lump; udara; fever.

आमाशयः, अन्नसंपुटम्, अन्नाशयः ( āmāśayaḥ, annasampuṭam, annāśayaḥ )

Stomach
The primary functional area of kapha and pitta.

आमाशयगतवातः ( āmāśayagatavātaḥ )

Aggravation of vata in stomach
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: pain in precordial region/angina pectoris; pain in umbilical region; pain in sides of chest/flanks; pain in abdomen; thirst; eructations; loose motions and vomiting caused by ama; cough; dryness in throat; dryness in mouth; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; vomiting; choking sensation/obstruction of throat; diseases above the umbilicus or nabhi.

आमाशयसमुत्थरोगः ( āmāśayasamuttharogaḥ )

Diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract
Diseases and conditions which have their origin in the gastroduodenal tract such as dyspepsia and vomiting.

आमाशयस्थ-रुधिरः ( āmāśayastha-rudhiraḥ )

Accumulation of blood in the stomach due to injury
A disorder characterized by vomiting blood/haemetemesis; severe bloating; severe exquisite sharp pain/colic.

आयुः ; धारि ; जीवितम् ; नित्यग ; अनुबन्धः ( āyuḥ; dhāri; jīvitam; nityaga; anubandhaḥ )

Life process, cycle or span
The coalescence of body, sense organs, mind and self that dynamically supports, nourishes and propagates itself despite its eventual disintegration. Ayurveda uses several terms as synonyms for life, based on the different perspectives under which they are understood: 1. Coalescence of body, sense organs, mind, and self; 2. Self-supporting, holding, ability of life to support and preserve itself; 3. Self-sustaining, self-nourishing, journey (of life), duration (of life), ability of life to nourish and sustain itself; 4. Ever moving forward, life’s ability to resist premature death and destruction through dynamic self-adaptation; 5. Uninterrupted succession, sequence, consequence, result, continuing link between past and future life.

आयुर्वेदः ( Āyurvedaḥ )

Ayurveda
Ayurveda is a traditional system of medicine and health care which originated in the Indian subcontinent. The term Ayurveda denotes “knowledge of life”. It is a compound of two words, “ayu” (life) and “veda” (knowledge). The discipline encompasses the physical, psychological, spiritual and social dimensions of life, deals with dynamic concepts of well-being, harmony, health promotion and longevity, and concerns itself with healthy, beneficial and advantageous aspects of human life as well as its unhealthy, deleterious and disadvantageous aspects.

आयुष्यम् ( āyuṣyam )

Lifespan-enhancing
Substances which are beneficial for enhancement of the life span.

आराशस्त्रम् ( ārāśastram )

Sharp-pointed instrument (awl)
A sharp-tipped instrument with a notch at the tip used for piercing.

आर्तवक्षयः ( ārtavakṣayaḥ )

Diminution of menstrual flow; or scanty menstruation
A disorder characterized by irregular menstruation/ metrorrhagia; scanty menstrual flow; pain in vagina.

आर्तवजननम् ( ārtavajananam )

Substance restoring menstrual flow

आर्तवम्, पुष्पम्, अन्तःपुष्पम्, शोणितम्, आर्तवशोणितम्, रज, रजस्रावः ( ārtavam, puṣpam, antaḥpuṣpam, śoṇitam, ārtavaśoṇitam, raja, rajasrāvaḥ )

Menstrual blood
Supportive structural component of primary circulating nutrient fluid (rasa).

आर्तववहस्रोतः ( ārtavavaha-srotaḥ )

Female reproductive system
All channels which are physiologically important in the regulation of the menstrual cycle.

आर्तववहस्रोतोदुष्टिः ( ārtavavahasrotoduṣṭiḥ )

Vitiation of channels carrying menstrual flow
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: excessive or decreased or irregular menstrual flow, uterine prolapse, abortion, infertility.

आर्तववृद्धिः ( ārtavavṛddhiḥ )

Morbid increase of menstrual flow
A disorder characterized by generalized body aches, excessive menstrual bleeding/menorrhagia, bad odour of menses.

आर्तववैषम्यम् ( ārtavavaiṣamyam )

Disorders of menstrual flow
Changes in the quantity and quality of menstruation.

आर्तस्यरोगनुत् ( ārtasyaroganut )

Curative medicine
A medicine which alleviates a patient’s ailments.

आर्त्तववहस्रोतोविद्धः ( ārtavavahasrotoviddhaḥ )

Injury to the channels of the menstrual system
A disorder characterized by sterility; dyspareunia; absence of menstruation.

आलेपः ( ālepaḥ )

External application of paste of moderate thickness
A type of moderately thick ointment or lepa.

आलेपकर्म (व्रणचिकित्सा) ( ālepakarma (vraṇacikitsā) )

Therapeutic application Therapeutic application of medicinal pastes depending on the of medicated paste for vitiated dosha. wound management

आलोचकपित्तम् ( ālocaka-pittam )

Pitta for vision
Subtype of pitta seated in the eye which is responsible for visual perception.

आवर्तः (मर्म) ( āvartaḥ (marma) )

Vulnerable location(s) above the eyebrows
Two in number (one on each side) which when injured leads to blindness or impaired vision.

आशयः ( āśayaḥ )

Receptacle
Any organ or group of organs which acts as a container.

आशयापकर्षः ( āśayāpakarṣaḥ )

Displacement of dosha A specific term which represents a pathological phenomenon from its natural seat when vitiated vata dosha forcefully shifts another dosha from its normal seat to another site and gives rise to symptoms.

आशुकारिचिकित्सा ( āśukāricikitsā )

Fast-acting treatment
A rapidly acting treatment such as therapeutic cautery.

आशुकारी ( āśukārī )

Rapidly acting

आश्च्योतन-अपचारः ( āścyotana-apacāraḥ )

Condition due to improper application of eyedrops

आश्च्योतन-अयोगः ( āścyotana-ayogaḥ )

Condition due to suboptimal application of eyedrops
A condition leading to aggravation of the disease.

आश्च्योतनम् ( āścyotanam )

Instillation of eye drops
The instillation of liquid medications in the eye (conjunctival sac).

आश्च्योतनातियोगः ( āścyotanātiyogaḥ )

Condition due to excessive use of eyedrops
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: eyelids becoming hard and causing crepitus; rubbing friction; difficulty in opening the eyelids; contraction of eyelids; pulsating sensation; winking of eyelids; inability to tolerate wind.

आसङ्गिम: ( āsaṅgima )

Lobuloplasty type 4
A type of lobuloplasty indicated when the inner flap of the divided earlobe is long, and the outer flap is almost negligible.

आसन्नप्रसवा ( āsannaprasavaḥ )

Woman nearing the delivery period
The characteristics of this state are excessive salivation and pain.

आसुरकायः ( āsurakāyaḥ )

Person with brave, cruel temperament
The characteristics of the person with a brave, cruel temperament are attaining prosperity, fearfulness or violence, courageousness, angriness, jealousy of others’ progress, eating alone and voraciously.

आसेक्यः ( āsekyaḥ )

Capable of intercourse only after consuming semen
A man who experiences an erection and indulges in coitus after tasting the ejaculatory fluid or semen of another man.

आस्थापनबस्तिः/ निरूहबस्तिः ( āsthāpanabastiḥ/ nirūhabastiḥ )

Therapeutic decoction enema
The therapeutic procedure of administering a medication predominantly by means of a decoction enema.

आस्थापनापचारः/ निरूहबस्त्यपचारः ( āsthāpanāpacāraḥ/ nirūhabastyapacāraḥ )

Condition due to improper administration of decoction enema

आस्यमलः ( āsyamalaḥ )

Mucus of the oral cavity

आहरणकर्म ( āharaṇakarma )

Extraction
An extractive procedure, e.g. for a foreign body.

आहरणकर्म ( āharaṇakarma )

Therapeutic extraction
Therapeutic extraction for wound healing.

आहरणम् ( āharaṇam )

Extraction
The procedure of extracting a foreign body.

आहवः/युध्दः ( āhavaḥ/yudhdaḥ )

Sweating induced by engaging in combat
A type of sudation therapy in which diaphoresis is achieved by fighting or wrestling.

आहारः ( āhāraḥ )

Food
Any substance which is consumed for the purpose of nutrition and energy. It includes all types of food items whether eatable, biteable, drinkable, lickable or chewable.

आहारः ( āhāraḥ )

Food
Food is a substance taken to sustain life and is broadly classified into liquids and solids. Liquids include water, milk, oils, juices and honey; solid foods are classified into cereals, legumes, meat, fruits, vegetables, spices and condiments.

आहारः (व्रणचिकित्सा) ( āhāraḥ (vraṇacikitsā) )

Dietary regime for wound management
Therapeutic dietery regimen prescribed for all patients with wounds (vraṇita).

आहारकल्पना ( āhārakalpanā )

Preparation of food and beverages

आहारद्रव्ययोजनम् ( āhāradravyayojanam )

Administration of foods
Administration of a proper diet for the management of diseases.

आहारपरिणामकरभावः ( The six factors facilitating digestion and their attributes are: āhāra pariṇāma 1. heat which digests; 2.air which absorbs; 3. moisture which karabhāvaḥ loosens; 4. unctuousness which softens; 5. time which brings sufficiency; and 6. balanced use of the eight factors for selecting wholesome food in order to maintain equilibrium of structural components and factors supporting the body (tissue). )

Factors facilitating digestion

आहारमिथ्यायोगः ( āhāramithyāyogaḥ )

Disorder due to abnormal food intake
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: syncope or swooning; diarrhoea; vomiting; thirst; colicky pain in abdomen; giddiness or dizziness; cramps; yawning; generalized body aches; dryness of mouth; excessive talking/irrelevant speech/incoherent speech; sunken eyes; severe headache; severe pain in cardiac region; contraction of blood vessels; stiffening of vessels; stasis of flow; impairment of agni; stiffness of sides of chest; stiffness of back; stiffness of lower back; burning sensation; discoloration; insanity; tremors; pain in precordial region/ angina pectoris; headache; borborygmi with distension; rigidity/stiffness; fever; feeling of heaviness in body; impediment of speech/dysphasia; spitting/excessive expectoration; loss of taste; excessive salivation; bodily exhaustion or tiredness/inability to perform physical activities; indigestion; fever with chills; lethargy.

आहारयोगिवर्गः ( āhārayogivargaḥ )

Group of food adjuvants
The group of food adjuvants such as types of oil, dry ginger, long pepper (pippali), asafoetida or rock salt.

आहाररसः ( āhārarasaḥ )

Chyle
The nourishing part of food which forms the primary circulating nutrient fluid (primary product of digestion), under the action of transformative factors in the gastrointestinal tract following digestion.

आहारवर्गः ( āhāravargaḥ )

Categories of food

आहारविधिविशेषायतनम् ( āhāravidhiviśeṣāyatanam )

Eight factors for selecting wholesome foods
The eight factors for selecting wholesome food are: nature of the food item, processing, combination, amount, region, season and age, rules for consumption and the person consuming the food.

आहारवैषम्यम् ( āhāravaiṣamyam )

Disorders due to unwholesome diet

आहारस्वरूपभेदः ( āhārasvarūpabhedaḥ )

Varieties of food
Classification of food items based on their mode of eating or consumption.

आहार्य: ( āhārya )

Lobuloplasty type 6
A type of lobuloplasty indicated when both flaps of the divided earlobe are absent and the whole lobule is reconstructed.

इक्षुवर्गः ( ikṣuvargaḥ )

Group of sugarcane derivatives
The group of substances derived from sugarcane such as sugarcane juice, jaggery and sugar.

इक्षुवालिकामेहः ( ikṣuvālikāmehaḥ )

Polyuria disorder with urine resembling sugar-cane juice (glycosuria)
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: excessive sweet urination; elimination of cold urine; elimination of slightly sticky urine; turbid urination; elimination of urine resembling sugarcane juice.

इच्छा ( icchā )

Desire, craving
The direct cause of action that seeks pleasure.

इन्द्रबस्तिः (मर्म) ( indrabastiḥ (marma) )

Vulnerable location(s) in the calf muscles
Four in number (one in each limb) which when injured causes severe bleeding leading to death.

इन्द्रलुप्तः, रुह्या ( indraluptaḥ/ rūhyā )

Morbid baldness affecting scalp hair
A disorder characterized by hair loss; absence of hair regrowth in same area.

इन्द्रविद्धा ( indraviddhā )

Skin lesions with many small central vesicles resembling lotus fruit seeds
A disorder characterized by a conglomeration of numerous papular lesions resembling the carpellary, receptacle and seed capsules of lotus flower.

इन्द्रियम्, अक्षम् ( indriyam, akṣam )

The motor or sensory faculty
A term that usually refers to the sense organs.

इन्द्रियान्तर-सञ्चारः ( indriyāntara-sañcāraḥ )

Trans-sense migration
The rapid conjugation of mind with the sensory or motor organs.

इरिवेल्लिका ( irivellikā )

Round skin lesions on scalp
A disorder characterized by occurrence of a lesion associated with fever; popular lesion in supraclavicular region; circular lesion; papular lesion associated with severe pain.

ईर्ष्याभिरति/ईर्ष्यकः ( īrṣyābhirati/īrṣyakaḥ )

Scopophilia or voyeurism
An individual who derives sexual gratification from observing the sexual activities of others.

उखा ( ukhā )

Infraclavicular fossa

उच्छ्वासः ( ucchvāsaḥ )

Expiration

उच्छ्वासमार्गः ( ucchvāsamārgaḥ )

Respiratory tract
The pathway for inhaled and exhaled air which extends from the external nares to the alveoli.

उण्डुकः, पोट्टलकः ( uṇḍukaḥ, poṭṭalakaḥ )

Caecum

उत्कर्तनम् (विषोपक्रमः) ( utkartanam (viṣopakramaḥ)

Incision above poisoned site
A small incision made proximal to the bite site to evacuate poisoned blood and prevent further spreading of the poison.

उत्कारिकाकर्म (व्रणचिकित्सा) ( utkārikākarma (vraṇacikitsā) )

Application of therapeutic warm poultice for wound management
A therapeutic warm poultice resembling a sweet dumpling.

उत्क्लिष्टदोष; मन्दाग्नेर आस्थापनस्य व्यापदः ( utkliṣṭadoṣa; mandāgnera āsthāpanasya vyāpadaḥ )

Condition caused by medicated decoction enema administered to person with aggravated dosha
A condition characterized by a severe type of anorexia.

उत्क्षेपः (मर्म) ( utkṣepaḥ (marma) )

Vulnerable location(s) above the temples
Two in number which when injured by a foreign body may lead to death if it is removed.

उत्तमशुद्धिः ( uttamaśuddhiḥ )

Optimal cleansing
Achievement of an adequate degree of dosha evacuation during cleansing therapy.

उत्तमा ( uttamā )

Red boil resembling green gram or black gram in size on the penis
A disease of the penis characterized by a lesion resembling māṣa; lesion resembling mudga; reddish-coloured eruptions.

उत्तरगुदम् ( uttaragudam )

Rectum

उत्तरदन्तः, ऊर्ध्वदन्तपङ्क्तिः ( uttaradantaḥ, ūrdhvadantapaṅktiḥ )

Teeth in the upper jaw

उत्तरबस्ति ( uttarabasti )

Intrauterine instillation of medicated liquids
The procedure of controlled, slow instillation of medicated liquids into the uterine cavity.

उत्तरबस्तिः ( uttarabastiḥ )

Administration of therapeutic fluid via vaginal or urethral route
A procedure in which medicated oil, ghee or a decoction is administered via the vaginal or urethral route.

उत्तरबस्तिकर्म (व्रणचिकित्सा) ( uttarabastikarma (vraṇacikitsā) )

Intraurethral douching Intraurethral administration of a decoction or oily emulsion for for wound management urethral and bladder wound management.

उत्तरम् ( uttaram )

Rejoinder
The response or reply to a challenge or objection.

उत्तराधरविभागः ( uttarādhara-vibhāgaḥ )

Superior-inferior division
An arbitrary division of the body into superior (cranial) and inferior (caudal) parts for descriptive purposes.

उत्तरौष्ठः ( uttarauṣṭhaḥ )

Upper lip

उत्तान-वातरक्तम् ( uttāna-vātaraktam )

Superficial polyarthritis due to vitiated vata and blood
Multiple joint pain, itching; burning sensation; feeling of stretching; pricking pain; pulsating sensation; contraction; brownish black discoloration of skin; coppery discoloration on exterior of skin; reddish discoloration of skin.

उत्थापनम् ( utthāpanam )

Reviving of mercury

उत्पलभेदकः ( utpalabhedakaḥ )

Lobuloplasty type 2
A type of lobuloplasty indicated when both flaps of the divided earlobe are circular, wide and equal.

उत्पलशस्त्रम् ( utpalaśastram )

Lotus petal-shaped scalpel
A surgical instrument with a blade resembling a lotus petal.

उत्पातः ( utpātaḥ )

Inflammation of ear lobule
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: inflammation; burning sensation; inflammation/suppuration; painful; swelling over ear lobe; vesicular eruptions on ear lobe; papules/eruptions on karṇapāli; redness of ear lobe; burning sensation in ear lobe; sodden appearance of ear lobe; bluish-black swelling over ear lobe; pain in ear lobe; burning sensation in ear lobe; suppuration of ear lobe.

उत्पादकहेतुः ( utpādakahetuḥ )

Originating cause of disease
An etiological factor that acts as the direct cause in the initiation of a disease by promoting the accumulation of the respective dosha.

उत्पिष्ट-सन्धिमुक्तम् ( utpiṣṭa-sandhimuktam )

Fracture- dislocation
Fracture with dislocation is characterized by swelling around the joints; pain increasing at night; swelling on both sides; onset of various types of pain at night.

उत्सङ्गिनी ( utsaṅginī )

Hordeolum internum (stye)
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: an inward-pointing boil; external swellling; occurring under eyelid; reddish papules/eruptions; covered with similar boils; hard; mild pain; discharge similar to spilled contents of chicken egg; large, raised boil on the outer surface of eyelid with itching; coppery red boil on the outer surface of eyelid but opening inwards.

उत्सादनकर्म ( utsādanakarma )

Granulationpromoting measures
Procedure for promoting granulation tissue in a wound.

उत्सादनम् ( utsādanam )

Therapeutic powderoil massage
A procedure characterized by rubbing a mixture prepared from coarse powder and oil (or other unctuous liquid substances).

उत्साहः ( utsāhaḥ )

Enthusiasm

उदककुम्भस्थापन ( udakakumbhasthāpana )

Placing a water pot (near head)
A ceremony in the care of a newborn baby in which a pot filled with water is kept near the baby’s head.

उदकपायना ( udakapāyanā )

Tempering of sharp surgical instruments with water
The tempering of surgical instruments in water.

उदकमेहः ( udakamehaḥ )

Polyuria disorder with urine resembling water (hydruria)
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: transparent clear urination; profuse urination; whitish/colourless urination; cold urination; painless micturition; occasionally turbid or sticky urine.

उदकवहस्रोतः,अम्बुवहस्रोतः, अम्बुमार्गः ( Udakavahasrotaḥ, ambuvahasrotaḥ, ambumārgaḥ )

Channel, pathway for fluid circulation
Pathways which refer to water balance in the body.

उदकवहस्रोतोदुष्टिः ( udakavahasrotoduṣṭiḥ )

Vitiation of channels carrying water
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: dryness of tongue; palate; lips; throat; and kloma region and excess thirst (udakavahasrotoduṣṭiḥ).

उदकवहस्रोतोविद्धः ( udakavahasrotoviddhaḥ )

Injury to the watercarrying channels

उदरपार्श्वम् ( udarapārśvam )

Sides of abdomen

उदरमर्म, कोष्ठमर्म ( Udaramarma, koṣṭhamarma )

Vulnerable location(s) in the abdomen
Marma located in the abdomen.

उदरम्, कुक्षिः, जठरम् ( udaram, kukṣiḥ, jaṭharam )

Abdomen

उदररोगः ( udararogaḥ )

Generalized abdominal enlargement due to ascites or other localized reason
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: bodily exhaustion or tiredness/inability to perform physical activities; abdominal distension; inability to walk; drowsiness/lassitude; burning sensation; diminution of agni; sluggish passage of faeces; weakness; retention of flatus; oedema; gurgling intestinal sounds/borborygmi; pedal oedema; oedema in hands; diminution of agni; shiny and glossy cheeks; dryness of palate; dryness of lips; inability to do physical work; loss of strength; inability to take/digest food; emaciated/thin/malnourished; swollen abdomen; person resembling a dead body.

उदरोरःसन्धानम् ( udaroraḥsandhānam )

Thoracoabdominal junction

उदर्दः ( udardaḥ )

Kapha-predominant urticaria
A skin disease characterized by lesions resembling an insect/ wasp sting; itching; severe pricking type of pain; vomiting; fever; internal burning sensation; oedematous lesions appearing on the skin; dominance of kapha dosha; raised lesions; redness/congestion; itching; circular patches; internal burning sensation.

उदश्वित् ( udaśvit )

Thick buttermilk
A type of buttermilk prepared by churning curd with half the amount of water.

उदानः ( udānaḥ )

Ascending vata
Subtype of vata seated in the chest region which extends from the umbilical region to the neck or throat. Its functions include effort, strength, governing the voice and speech production.

उदानवातकोपः ( udānavātakopaḥ )

Aggravation of ascending vata
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: symptoms of throat obstruction (choking or difficulty in speaking); mental disturbance; vomiting; loss of taste; cold catarrh; glandular swelling in the jaw, neck or throat region or goitre; diseases of body above the collar bone or head and neck.

उदावर्तः ( udāvartaḥ )

Disorders of reversed or altered visceral movement
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: retention of faeces; retention of flatus or vata; obstruction to passage of urine/retention; pain in bladder; precordial pain/cardiac pain; pain in abdomen/lumbar- hypogastric region; pain in sides of chest/flanks; abdominal distension; nausea; cutting type of pain in anal region; pricking pain; indigestion; oedema in urinary bladder region; constipation; lump/nodule in abdomen; upward movement of eructations or vata; painful or hurt anus; painful ejaculation; delayed ejaculation; body becoming harsh/rough; becoming dry; becoming cold; fever; dysuria; dysentery; heart diseases; disorders of lower gastrointestinal tract; vomiting; blindness; deafness/hearing impairment; burning sensation in head; bloating of abdomen; hypertrophy of prostate gland; mental disorders/diseases of manas; thirst; bleeding disorders; loss of taste; palpable glandular enlargement in abdomen/ abdominal lump; cough; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; cold catarrh; facial paralysis; pain in sides of chest/flanks; dreadful diseases of vāta.

उदावर्ता वमनस्य व्यापदः ( udāvartā vamanasya vyapadaḥ )

Condition caused by A condition characterized by suppression of natural urges; emetic therapy quicker death of patient. administered to person with abnormal peristalsis

उदाहरणम् ( udāharaṇam )

Categorical examples
An illustration or example which can be understood by both expert and lay person.

उदुम्बरकुष्ठः/पैत्तिककुष्ठः ( udumbarakuṣṭhaḥ/ paittikakuṣṭhaḥ )

Skin disease with lesions resembling fig fruit
A skin disease characterized by coppery-coloured lesions; copper-coloured nails; covered with copper-coloured hairs; copious discharges; excessive pus discharge; excessive bloody discharge; excessive watery discharge; thick pus discharge; thick bloody discharge; thick watery discharge; itching; moistening/soddening; wheal-like skin eruptions; burning sensation; inflammation/suppuration; rapidly spreading; rapid onset; sudden onset of complications; associated with heat; associated with infection/infestations; resembling ripe udumbaraḥ fruit; with whitish veins; painful; sudden opening/bursting of lesion/wound; redness/ congestion; tawny brownish-coloured hairs.

उद्गारग्रहः ( udgāragrahaḥ )

Disorder due to suppression of belching
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: hiccups; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; loss of taste; tremors; choking sensation of heart; choking sensation in chest; abdominal distension; cough; diseases of vāta.

उद्गारनिग्रहज-उदावर्तः ( udgāranigrahaja-udāvartaḥ )

Disorders of reversed or altered visceral movement due to suppression of eructation
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: severe diseases due to vata; feeling of fullness in throat; severe pricking pain; feeling of fullness in mouth; gurgling intestinal sounds; cessation of passage of vata.

उद्घर्षणम् ( udgharṣaṇam )

Manual massage in specified direction with coarse powder
A massage procedure involving application of a coarse medicinal powder against the direction of body hair.

उद्देशः ( uddeśaḥ )

Concise statement
A concise statement or summary account of a specific topic.

उद्धरणकर्म ( uddharaṇakarma )

Extraction of foreign body
An extraction procedure to remove a foreign body

उद्धारः ( uddhāraḥ )

Consolidating an opinion by refuting other hypotheses
Reaffirming a statement by refuting contrary views from other sources.

उद्भिजः ( udbhijaḥ )

Telluric creatures
Smaller creatures which sprout from the earth or dwell underneath mud, e.g. frogs.

उद्वर्तनम् ( udvartanam )

Massage with medicated herbal powder
A therapeutic massage procedure using powders.

उन्नमनकर्म ( unnmanakarma )

Elevation
A therapeutic measure in which recessed parts are lifted upwards.

उन्मथकः ( unmathakaḥ )

Painless oedema of ear lobule
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: its association with itching; rigid swelling; painless swelling.

उन्मथनकर्म ( unmathanakarma )

Extraction by twisting or stirring
An extraction procedure to remove an impacted foreign body.

उन्मर्दनम् ( unmardanam )

Manual massage in ascending direction
A therapeutic massage of the body parts with gentle strokes applied in the ascending direction with the masseur’s palms.

उन्मादः ( unmādaḥ )

Psychosis
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a confused state of mind; altered state of judgement; altered consiousness/peripheral sensations; altered memory; altered desire/likings; impaired character; agitated activities; impaired behaviour; confused intellect; fickleness of mind; perplexed appearance; restlessness; incoherent speech; loneliness/lack of alertness; feeling of pain in body; feeling of happiness in body; undertaking activities without any forethought; sudden lack of happiness; sudden lack of sorrow; sudden loss of righteous things; sudden loss of nonrighteous things; wandering abruptly.

उन्मार्गगामीभगन्दरः/ शल्यजन्यभगन्दरः/ क्षतजभगन्दरः ( unmārgagāmībhagandaraḥ/ śalyajanyabhagandaraḥ/ kṣatajabhagandaraḥ )

Anal fistula formed due to foreign body
A fistula characterized by putrefaction of muscle associated with pus and blood; resembling worms generated in moist soil; microorganisms damaging soft tissue of anal region; gases; urine; faeces and semen emanating from the tracts created by microorganisms.

उन्मेषः ( unmeṣaḥ )

Opening of eyelid

उन्मेषिणीसिरा ( Unmeṣiṇīsirā )

Nerves involved in eyelid opening

उपकुशः ( upakuśaḥ )

Suppurative gingivitis
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a burning sensation in gums; suppuration of gums; loosening of teeth; discharge of blood on forceful touching; dull aching pain; swelling in gums with blood oozing; foul smell in mouth; reddish/inflamed gums; itching in gums; bleeding from gums; swollen gums after bleeding.

उपक्रमः ( upakramaḥ )

Treatment protocol
The therapeutic measures taken to counter the disease state. Synonym of treatment.

उपचयः ( upacayaḥ )

Anabolism
Effect of a substance which acts as anabolic and promotes growth.

उपजिह्विका ( upajihvikā )

Palatine tonsil

उपजिह्विका ( upajihvikā )

Ranula or cystic swelling of tongue
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a swelling on the upper surface of the tongue; burning sensation; inflammation/suppuration; redness/ congestion; swelling at tip of tongue; elevation of tongue; causing excessive salivation; associated with itching; burning sensation; suddenly generating oedema at base of tongue.

उपदंशः ( upadaṃśaḥ )

Sexually transmitted penile inflammation
A disorder characterized by painful or burning micturition, discharge of pus in urine, also associated with urethral swelling e.g. gonorrhoea.

उपदेशः ( upadeśaḥ )

Authoritative instruction
An instruction or injunction from a reliable and reputed authority in the field.

उपद्रवः ( upadravaḥ )

Complication
A factor, event or condition complicating a disease or condition.

उपद्रवरोग ( upadravaroga )

Disease complication(s)
The consequences or complications of a disease or condition.

उपद्रवविरेचनव्यापत् ( upadravavirecanavyāpat )

Condition due to faulty purgative therapy
A condition characterized by a serious form of stiffness; severe pains all over the body; loss of consciousness.

उपधातुः ( upadhātuḥ )

Supportive structural component
Supportive structural components; formed from the fundamental structural components; they do not undergo further transformation: breast milk, menstrual blood, tendons, tubular structures of the body, muscle fat, skin and sinews.

उपधानम् (विषोपक्रमः) ( upadhānam (viṣopakramaḥ) )

Scalp incision to remove poison
Incision on scalp for removing poison.

उपनखम् ( upanakham )

Nail fold

उपनयः ( upanayaḥ )

Application of proof
Applying the logic of the proposed example to arrive at a definite conclusion.

उपनासिकासिरा, औपनासिक्यसिरा ( upanāsikā-sirā, aupanāsikya-sirā )

Angular vein

उपनाहः ( upanāhaḥ )

Marginal chalazion, lacrimal cyst
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a swelling in dṛṣṭisandhiḥ; large swelling; nonsuppurative swelling; associated with itching; painless; sharp-tipped swelling; resembling bubble of alkali; broadbased swelling; smooth/unctuous/oily; body-coloured swelling; soft swelling; slimy swelling; excessive swelling.

उपनाहकर्म ( upanāhakarma )

Application of poultice
Therapeutic application of a poultice over the wound.

उपनाहकर्म (व्रणचिकित्सा) ( upanāhakarma (vraṇacikitsā) )

Poultice application
Application of a poultice prepared with medications to treat inflammatory swellings or cellulitis.

उपमानः ( upamānaḥ )

Analogy
A Sanskrit term which literally means “comparison”; the fourth of the five means (pramaṇa) by which valid cognition of the world is possible.

उपयन्त्रम् ( upayantram )

Accessory surgical instruments
Instruments and objects used as accessories or adjuncts for prescribed surgical instruments.

उपरत्नम् ( uparatnam )

Subsidiary gems
Group of subsidiary gems, precious stones for medicinal usage.

उपरसः ( uparasaḥ )

Group of subsidiary substances used in the processing of mercury
A group of subsidiary substances of mineral and plant origin (subsidiary to the superior minerals) which are complementary to the superior elements in the processing of mercury: gandhaka, gairika, kasisa, kamkshi/sphatika, haritalam, manahshila, anjanam and kankushtam.

उपवासः ( upavāsaḥ )

Mindful restriction of food intake
A type of therapeutic ritual: treatment of a disease by adhering to therapeutic mindful or intermittent fasting.

उपविषम् ( upaviṣam )

Mild-potency poison
A group of poisonous substances of mild potency such as Strychnos nux-vomica L.

उपवेशनसंस्कारः ( upaveśanasaṁskāraḥ )

Sitting ceremony for child
A ceremony usually performed in the fifth or sixth month in which the baby sits for the first time

उपशयः ( upaśayaḥ )

Differential diagnosis upheld by positive treatment response
Signs and symptoms of improvement signifying alleviation of the disease or condition.

उपशयभेदः ( upaśayabhedaḥ )

Types of therapeutic diagnosis
Different categories of alleviating factor used in the trial-anderror method of diagnosis.

उपस्थाता ( upasthātā )

Attendants, paramedics
An attendant or paramedic is expected to have the following qualities: to be kind-hearted (anurakta), pure in mind, thoughts and action (shuci), skilled (daksha) and intelligent (buddhiman).

उपस्थितगर्भा ( upasthitagarbhaḥ )

First phase of pregnancy
The characteristic of this state is pain.

उपस्थितप्रसवा ( upasthitaprasavaḥ )

Woman about to give birth
The characteristics of this state are pain in the entire back region; frequent defecation; urination; a frothy vaginal discharge.

उपहारः ( upahāraḥ )

Offerings to deity including animal sacrifice
A type of therapeutic ritual: treatment of a disease whereby an animal is offered to the deity to cure the ailment.

उपाङ्गः ( upāṅgaḥ )

A subsidiary body part

उपायः ( upāyaḥ )

Ailment-countering stratagem, means of action
A word meaning excellence, goodness or skilfulness: it is often applied to the physician and the justness of any chosen therapy or means of action.

उपालम्भः ( upālambhaḥ )

Abusive argument
Arguing with the sole intention of finding fault with an opponent’s statement.

उभयहेतुः ( ubhayahetuḥ )

Causes which aggravate dosha and disease-specific causes
Factors which not only aggravate a particular dosha but also give rise to a particular disease or condition; causes affecting both mind and body.

उभयार्थकारिचिकित्सा ( ubhayārthakāricikitsā )

Treatment antagonistic to cause and disease
One of the threefold classifications of treatment antagonist to both the cause and disease.

उरः, वक्षः ( uraḥ, vakṣaḥ )

Chest

उरःकोष्ठः ( uraḥkoṣṭhaḥ )

Thoracic cavity

उरःक्षतजन्यराजयक्ष्मा ( uraḥkṣatajanyarājayakṣmā )

Consumption due to chest trauma
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: blood discharge from traumatic chest or pulmonary trauma; pus discharge from traumatic chest or pulmonary trauma; mucus discharge from traumatic chest/ pulmonary trauma; yellowish expectoration while coughing; expectoration of blood while coughing; blackish expectorant while coughing; reddish brown-coloured expectorant while coughing; chest feeling warm/hot; fainting due to excessive pain; foul odour from mouth/hallitosis; foul odour from breath; altered colour/complexion of body; hoarseness of voice.

उरःफलकः ( uraḥphalakaḥ )

Sternum

उरोग्रीवम् ( urogrīvam )

Thorax and neck

उरोमर्म ( Uromarma )

Vulnerable location(s) in the chest
Marma located in the chest.

उलूखलसन्धिः ( ulūkhalasandhiḥ )

Ball and socket joint

उल्वम् ( ulvam )

Birthing custard, vernix caseosa

उष्ट्रग्रीवभगन्दरः/ पित्तजभगन्दरः ( uṣṭragrīvabhagandaraḥ/ pittajabhagandaraḥ )

Anal fistula with orifice resembling a camel’s neck, transsphincteric fistula
A fistula in the anal tissues characterized by a red-coloured nodule; small nodule; raised nodule; sucking type of pain; excessive burning in wound (resembling a fire); burning sensation similar to chemical cautery; foul smell; discharge which is not cold; flatus; urine; faeces and semen oozing from openings if left untreated; red eruptions in the anal region; rapidly suppurating; warm and foul-smelling discharge.

उष्णः ( uṣṇaḥ )

Hotness
The quality of a substance which is responsible for promoting sweating, softening or ripening (paka).

उष्णजल-शिरःस्नानः ( uṣṇajala-śiraḥsnānaḥ )

Disorder due to head bath with hot water
A disorder characterized by loss of hair strength; loss of eye strength.

उष्णवातः, उष्णमारुतः ( uṣṇavātaḥ, uṣṇamārutaḥ )

Dysuria due to heat exhaustion
A disorder characterized by diminution of urine quantity, difficulty in micturition; pain; burning sensation; reddish urine; burning sensation in the urinary bladder; burning sensation in the penile region; burning sensation in anus; yellowish discoloration of urine; haematuria; urine consisting of frank blood; passing urine with difficulty; passing urine repeatedly/ frequent micturition.

उष्णवीर्य-द्रव्यातियोगः / आग्नेय-द्रव्यातियोगः ( uṣṇavīrya-dravyātiyogaḥ / āgneya-dravyātiyogaḥ )

Disorder due to excess intake of food able to increase heat in body or increase pitta

उष्णसदनम् ( uṣṇasadanam )

Sweating induced by sitting in a warm room
A type of sudation therapy in which diaphoresis is achieved by sitting in a warm room.

ऊरु ( ūru )

Thigh

ऊरुपिण्डिका ( ūrupiṇḍikā )

Quadricipital prominence

ऊरुमूलम् ( ūrumūlam )

Inguinal region
That part of thigh just below the inguinal region.

ऊरुमूलम् ( ūrumūlam )

Inguinal region
That part of thigh just below the inguinal region.

ऊरुस्तम्भः ( ūrustambhaḥ )

Stiff thighs with loss of sensation
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: severe tiredness of calf muscles; severe tiredness of thighs; slight burning; slight pain; pain on stepping; inability to perceive cold touch; inability to stand; inability to tolerate pressure; inability/difficulty in walking; inability to move; feeling as if thighs are broken; feeling as if legs are broken; stiffness of thigh; loss of sensation in thigh; thigh feeling as if it belongs to someone else; heaviness of thigh; severe frequent pain; insensibility/meditatitve appearance; generalized body aches; sensation of being covered with a wet cloth; drowsiness/lassitude; vomiting; loss of taste; fever; feeling of weakness of feet/legs; difficulty in raising/lifting legs; numbness.

ऊर्जस्करः ( ūrjaskaraḥ )

Health-promoting, immune enhancer
Therapies or medicines which promote excellence of the body tissues in a healthy person.

ऊर्ध्वकायः ( ūrdhvakāyaḥ )

Upper half of the body
The upper half of the body, above the waist.

ऊर्ध्वग-अम्लपित्तम् ( ūrdhvaga-amlapittam )

Type of hyperacidity with major symptoms manifesting above umbilical region
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: green-coloured vomitus; yellow-coloured vomitus; blue-coloured vomitus; black-coloured vomitus; vomitus mixed with blood; vomitus looking like blood; very sour vomitus; vomitus resembling meat washings; excessively slimy vomitus; watery/clear vomitus; vomitus with various tastes; acrid and sour vomitus during the digestion of food;/ with indigestion; acrid and sour vomitus on empty stomach; acrid and sour eructations; burning sensation in throat; burning sensation in precordial/cardiac region; burning sensation in epigastrium/abdomen; headache; burning sensation in palm; burning sensation in sole; warmth; excessive anorexia/loss of taste; fever; itching all over body; circular eruptions all over body; papular rash all over body; diseases all over the body.

ऊर्ध्वगक्तपित्त वमनस्य व्यपदः ( ūrdhvagaraktapitta vamanasya vyapadaḥ )

Condition caused by emetic therapy administered to person with epistaxis, haematemesis

ऊर्ध्वजत्रु ( ūrdhvajatru )

Head and neck
That part of the body above the clavicle.

ऊर्ध्वताबस्तिव्यापत् ( ūrdhvatābastivyāpat )

Condition of excessive upward movement of gas due to faulty enema therapy

ऊर्ध्वत्रिकम् ( ūrdhvatrikam )

Shoulder girdle
The area formed by the neck and both shoulders; the point at which the appendicular skeletal elements of the upper body meet the axial skeleton.

ऊर्ध्वपातनम् ( ūrdhvapātanam )

Sublimation of mercury

ऊर्ध्ववातः ( ūrdhvavātaḥ )

Upward movement of vata
A disorder characterized by excessive belchings/eructations.

ऊर्ध्ववातास्थापितानुवासित वमनस्य व्यपदः ( ūrdhvavātāsthāpitānuvāsita vamanasya vyapadaḥ )

Condition caused by emetic therapy administered to person with upward movement of vata
A condition characterized by excessive upward movement of vata.

ऊर्ध्वश्वासः ( ūrdhvaśvāsaḥ )

Shallow breathing
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: not being able to breathe deeply with shallow breathing only; eyes turning upwards/upward gaze; eyerolling in all directions; fainting; severe pain; dryness of mouth/whitishness of mouth; severe distress/discontent/ restlessness; deep breathing hampered due to shortness of breath; distress leading to death; obstructed/suffocated voice.

ऊर्ध्वाङ्गम् ( ūrdhvāṅgam )

Head

ऊर्वस्थि, ऊरुनालकम् ( ūrvasthi, ūrunalakam )

Femur

ऊर्वी (मर्म) ( ūrvī (marma)

Vulnerable location(s) in the femoral vessels near mid-thigh
Four in number (one in each limb) which when injured causes wasting of limb due to bleeding.

ऊर्वीसिरा ( ūrvīsirā )

Femoral vessels

ऊहः ( ūhaḥ )

Conjecture
The process of speculating about the possible or likely occurrence of an event.

ऊह्यम् ( ūhyam )

Extrapolation
An inference about a conjectured situation through reasoning and by analysis of statements.

ऋजुग्रन्थिः ( ṛjugranthiḥ )

Interrupted suture
A simple individual suture, opposite of a continuous suture.

ऋजूकरणकर्म ( ṛjūkaraṇakarma )

Straightening
A therapeutic procedure aimed at rectifying a deviated fracture.

ऋतुः ( ṛtuḥ )

Time equivalent to two months
Time equal to 2 lunar months or 60 days.

ऋतुकालचर्या-वैषम्यम् ( ṛtukālacaryā-vaiṣamyam )

Disorder due to an improper seasonal regimen

ऋतुचर्या ( ṛtucaryā )

Seasonal routine
Routine pertaining to diet, daily activities and periodical cleansing which is customized for each season of the year.

ऋतुमतिः ( ṛtumatiḥ )

Women during optimum period for conception
The characteristics of this state are an enlarged, bulky face; pleasant face; pleasant state of mind; moist face or mouth; moist teeth; desire for male companionship; fondness for stories or chatting; relaxed or loose abdomen; relaxed eyes; relaxed mind; flickering of arms; quivering of breasts; quivering in pelvis; quivering in umbilical region; quivering in thighs; quivering in pelvic region; quivering in hips; excitement; curiosity; emaciated face.

ऋतुशोधनम् ( ṛtuśodhanam )

Seasonal cleansing

ऋतुसन्धिः ( ṛtusandhiḥ )

Transition period between two seasons
The transitional period between two seasons; it includes the last week of the ending season and first week of the beginning season. The regimen of the ending season has to be discontinued gradually even as the regimen of the new season is introduced gradually.

ऋषिकायः ( ṛṣikāyaḥ )

Person with scholarly, religious temperament
The characteristics of the person with a scholarly, religious temperament are performing and mentally repeating a sacred name and fasting, observing vows, practising celibacy, performing oblations, studying extensively, possessing knowledge and erudition.

ऋष्यजिह्वकः ( ṛṣyajihvakaḥ )

Skin disease with lesions resembling the tongue of an antelope
A skin disease characterized by lesions resembling an antelope tongue; rough/dry; slightly reddish-coloured; blackish inside-out; bluish tinge; yellowish tinge; coppery tinge; rapidly spreading; rapid onset; minimal itching; minimal discharge from lesion; minimal infections/infestations; excessive burning sensation; severe splitting type of pain; excessive pricking pain; pain as if pierced with bristles; raised mid-part of lesion; thin margins; covered with rough eruptions; large circular patch; rough.

एककुष्ठः ( ekakuṣṭhaḥ )

Skin disease with lesions resembling fish scales
A skin disease characterized by anhidrosis/lack of sweating; broad-based; resembling the scales of a fish.

एकत्व ( ekatva )

Singularity
Oneness or singularity (monism), in which no other entity can supplant the role of mind or psyche (manas) in the body.

एकवृन्दः ( ekavṛndaḥ )

Cystic growth in throat
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a rounded swelling; raised swelling; burning sensation; itching and swelling inside the throat; nonsuppurating; soft swelling in throat; heavy swelling in throat.

एकशेफक्षीरपानम् ( ekaśephakṣīrapānam )

Disorder due to excess intake of milk from single-hoofed animals (horse, donkey, etc.)
A disorder characterized by extreme heat; dullness/frigidity/ inactivity; light in nature; relives vāta in śākha; salty and sour.

एकान्तः ( ekāntaḥ )

Definite conclusion
A statement which is absolute and not modified by its context.

एषणकर्म ( eṣaṇakarma )

Probing
A procedure to determine the direction, extent and branchings of a sinus or fistula.

एषणकर्म ( eṣaṇakarma )

Probing
The procedure of exploring a tract for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

एषणकर्म ( eṣaṇakarma )

Probing procedure
Therapeutic or diagnostic procedure of probing.

एषणीशस्त्रम् ( eṣaṇīśastram )

Sharp probe
A pointed sharp instrument used for probing or draining.

ओजक्षयः ( ojakṣayaḥ )

Diminution of ojas
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: fear; loss of physical strength or weakness; constant thinking; distressed sense organs/sense organs not able to perform properly; diminished complexion; lack of mental strength; dryness; feeling wasted/dried up/emaciated; syncope or swooning; extreme wasting of muscles/diminution of muscle mass; confusion/delirium; excessive talking/ irrelevant speech/incoherent speech; death.

ओजस् ( ojas )

Ojas
The essence of seven fundamental structural components: vital for life, providing strength and resistance to disease and supporting mental function.

ओजोविस्रंसः ( ojovisramsaḥ )

Dislodgement of ojas
A disorder characterized by loosening/dislocation of joints; bodily exhaustion or tiredness; depletion of dosha; diminished activities of both body and mind.

ओजोवृद्धिः ( ojovṛddhiḥ )

Excess formation of ojas

ओजोवैषम्यम् ( ojovaiṣamyam )

Disproportion of ojas

ओजोव्यापत् ( ojovyāpat )

Derangement of ojas
A disorder characterized by stiffness of body; heaviness of limbs; swelling caused by vāta; discoloration of skin; fatigued mind and body; drowsiness/lassitude; sleep.

ओदनम् ( odanam )

Cooked rice
It is prepared with 5 parts water to one part rice and boiling until the rice becomes soft.

ओषधिः ( oṣadhiḥ )

Herb

ओषधी ( oṣadhī )

A plant which withers after fructification
A plant which perishes after bearing fruit or being harvested such as annual herbs like paddy, pulses, wheat or maize.

ओष्ठः, दशनच्छदौ ( oṣṭhaḥ, daśanacchadau )

Lip

ओष्ठकण्ठजिह्वाप्रमार्जनम् ( oṣṭhakaṇṭhajihvāpramārjanam )

Clearing of lips, buccal cavity and throat
Cleaning and unblocking of the oral cavity and throat in neonatal resuscitation and general care.

ओष्ठरोगः ( oṣṭharogaḥ )

Disorders of lips

ओष्ठसन्धानविधिः ( oṣṭhasandhānavidhiḥ )

Cleft lip repair
The surgical correction of cleft lip.

औद्भिदजलम् ( audbhidajalam )

Spring water
Water which arises naturally from the earth.

औद्भिदम् ( audbhidam )

Drugs of plant origin

औद्भिदलवणम् ( audbhidalavaṇam )

Reh or earthen salt

औपसर्गिकतृष्णा ( aupasargikatṛṣṇā )

Morbid thirst as a complication of another disease
Morbid thirst as a complication of another disease such as fever or consumption. A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: timidity or apathy; timid voice; loss of consciousness; dehydrated throat; dehydrated palate; dehydrated mouth.

औपाधिक ( aupādhika )

Conditional effect
Relating to or depending on special qualities, limited by particular conditions, valid only under certain suppositions.

औषधकल्पना ( auṣadhakalpanā )

Preparation of medicines

औषधद्रव्ययोजनम् ( auṣadhadravyayojanam )

Administration of medicines
Administration of medicines for the management of diseases.

औषधम् ( auṣadham )

Medication
Therapeutic measures by which a disease is cured, and health restored. Synonym of treatment.

औषधम् ( auṣadham )

Medicine

औषधम् (विषोपक्रमः) ( auṣadham (viṣopakramaḥ)

Medication for detoxification
Medications for the treatment of poisoning.

कक्षः, कक्षा ( kakṣaḥ, kakṣā )

Axilla, armpit

कक्षधरः (मर्म), कक्षाधरः (मर्म) ( kakṣadharaḥ (marma), kakṣādharaḥ (marma)

Vulnerable location(s) in the axilla
Two in number (one on each side) which when injured leads to paralysis of one half of the body.

कक्षाः ( kakṣāḥ )

Black skin lesions on arm, lateral chest wall, shoulder and axilla
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: vesicular lesions on upper arm; vesicular lesions in and around flanks; vesicular lesions in periaxillary region; vesicular lesions on shoulder; black-coloured vesicular lesions; painful vesicles; minute papular/vesicular lesions; lesions resembling parched paddy; thick and dense lesions.

कक्षाभागः ( kakṣābhāgaḥ )

Axillary region

कङ्कुष्ठम् ( kaṅkuṣṭham )

Exudates of Mysore gamboge tree
Bark exudate of Mysore gamboge tree (Garcinia morella (Gaertn.) Desr.).

कचः ( kacaḥ )

Hair

कचान्तः ( kacāntaḥ )

Hairline
The boundary marking the growth of hair on the head, especially over the forehead and temple.

कच्छपः (कच्छपी) ( kacchapaḥ (kacchapī) )

Hard palatal protrusion, A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs torus palatinus and symptoms: a swelling resembling a tortoise back or tortoise-shaped swelling; slowly growing swelling; painless; slowly developing.

कच्छपिका ( kacchapikā )

Skin lesions resembling A disorder characterized by hard nodular swellings; tortoise tortoise shell shell-like swelling raised in the middle; five or six in number.

कच्छपिका-प्रमेहपिडका ( kacchapikāpramehapiḍakā )

Carbuncle resembling tortoise shell

कज्जली ( kajjalī )

Black sulfide of mercury
Black sulfide of mercury is prepared by sulfur trituration.

कटि ( kaṭī )

Hip

कटिकपालः, जघनकपालः ( kaṭikapālaḥ, jaghanakapālaḥ )

Hip bone

कटिप्रदेशः ( kaṭīpradeśaḥ )

Hip region

कटिबस्तिः ( kaṭibastiḥ )

Therapeutic retention of oil over lumbosacral region
A procedure which involves holding medicated oil over the lumbosacral region for a specific duration.

कटिसन्धिः, वंक्षणसन्धिः, ऊरुसन्धिः ( kaṭisandhiḥ, vaṅkṣaṇasandhiḥ, ūrusandhiḥ )

Hip joint

कटीकतरुणम् (मर्म) ( kaṭīkataruṇam (marma)

Vulnerable location(s) on the back near the pelvis
Two in number which when injured causes severe bleeding leading to paleness and death.

कटु-अवस्थापाकः ( kaṭuavasthāpākaḥ )

Pungent predominant stage of digestion
During the third and final stage of digestion in the gastrointestinal tract the ingested food is transformed to a predominantly pungent state. This results in the generation of vata-dosha.

कटु-रसः, ऊषणः ( kaṭu-rasaḥ, ūṣaṇaḥ )

Pungent taste

कटुकस्कन्धः, कटुस्कन्धः ( kaṭukaskandhaḥ, kaṭuskandhaḥ )

Group of pungent substances

कटुरसातियोगः ( kaṭurasātiyogaḥ )

Disorder due to excessive intake of pungent substances
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: impotence/loss of sexual vigour; confusion/ delirium; fatigued mind and body; bodily exhaustion or tiredness; emaciation; syncope or swooning; bending of body; black-outs; giddiness or dizziness; burning sensation in throat or kaṇṭha; burning sensation in body; loss of physical strength or weakness; excessive thirst; burning sensation of eyes; pricking pain; breaking type of pain; intoxication; dryness in throat; dryness of palate; dryness of lips; burning sensation; hotness; tremors; diminution of semen; contraction of body parts; low back pain; vāta diseases of hands/pain due to increased vāta; vāta diseases of legs/pain due to increased vāta; vāta diseases of arms; vāta diseases of sides of chest/ flanks; vāta diseases of back/severe back pain.

कट्वरम् ( kaṭvaram )

Whey
The supernatant liquid portion after the formation of curd or buttermilk, mixed with large amount of water.

कठिनः ( kaṭhinaḥ )

Hardness
The quality of a substance which is responsible for firmness or hardness.

कण्ठः ( kaṇṭhaḥ )

Anterior portion of the neck
A term which also denotes the larynx.

कण्ठगतरोगः ( kaṇṭhagatarogaḥ )

Disorders of throat

कण्ठनाडी, हृदयनाडिका, गलनलकम्, श्वसना, श्वासवहानाडी ( kaṇṭhanāḍī, hṛdayanāḍikā, galanalakam, śvasanā, śvāsavahānāḍī )

Trachea

कण्ठशालूकः ( kaṇṭhaśālūkaḥ )

Adenoids
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a nodular swelling of kola size; sensation in throat resembling thorn pricks; throat filled with barley awn; rough and fixed nodular swelling; stable/immobile swelling; excisable swelling/swelling can be treated by surgery only; kola-shaped swelling; raised swelling.

कण्ठसिरा ( kaṇṭhasirā )

Vessels of the neck

कण्ठ्यम् ( kaṇṭhyam )

Substance promoting health and functioning of the throat

कण्डरा ( kaṇḍarā )

Tendon
Supportive structural component of blood

कण्डूघ्नः, कण्डुहरः, कण्डू प्रशमनः ( kaṇḍūghnaḥ, kaṇḍūharaḥ, kaṇḍūpraśamanaḥ )

Anti-pruritic

कदरः ( kadaraḥ )

Corns, callosities
A disorder characterized by a swelling resembling an Indian jujube or kola in size and shape; swelling resembling a nail.

कनिष्टिका ( kaniṣṭhikā )

Little finger
Also denotes fifth toe.

कनीनिका, कनीनसन्धिः, अक्षिकनीनिका ( Kanīnikā, kanīnasandhiḥ, akṣikanīnikā )

Inner canthus

कपर्दकः ( kapardakaḥ )

Marine or cowrie shell
Duly processed kapardaka is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbomineral pharmaceutical formulations.

कपाटसन्धिक: ( kapāṭasandhika )

Lobuloplasty type 9
A type of lobuloplasty indicated when the inner division of the earlobe is long and the outer one short.

कपालः ( kapālaḥ )

Skull

कपालः/अरुणकुष्ठः/ वातिककुष्ठः ( kapālaḥ/ aruṇakuṣṭhaḥ/ vātikakuṣṭhaḥ )

Skin disease with lesions resembling black claypot fragments, reddish patches
A skin disease characterized by dryness; reddish colour of skin; rough/dry skin; unevenly spread; rough margins; thin; raised outer margins; severe loss of touch sensation; covered with raised hairs; excessive pricking pain; mild itching; mild burning sensation; reduced pus discharge; reduced watery discharge; rapidly spreading; rapid onset; sudden onset of complications; blackish discoloration; slightly reddish discoloration; discoloration similar to that of earthen vessels; sudden spreading nature.

कपालास्थि, कर्परम् ( kapālāsthi, karparam )

Flat bone

कपालिका ( kapālikā )

Deterioration of tooth enamel
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: damage to tooth enamel by small particles; destruction of teeth; tartar disintegrating with tooth fragments; scaling if ignored gradually disrupting tooth enamel.

कपोतपुटः ( kapotapuṭaḥ )

Traditional oven using eight cow-dung cakes
A traditional oven using eight cow-dung cakes to produce heat for the calcination or incineration (bhasma) of mercury, gold, silver and other metals.

कपोलः, गण्डः, गल्लः ( kapolaḥ, gaṇḍaḥ, gallaḥ )

Cheek

कफकर्म ( kapha-karma )

Functions of kapha
A combined term for the functions of kapha such as physical and mental strength, forgiveness .

कफक्षयः ( kaphakṣayaḥ )

Diminution of kapha
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms dryness; burning sensation inside the body; feeling of emptiness/vacuity in all the seats of śleśma especially the stomach or amaśaya; joint dislocation/laxity; thirst; weakness; sleeplessness/insomnia; giddiness or dizziness; cramps; generalized body aches; completely dried up; pricking pain; heat/fever; burning sensation; bursting type of pain; shivering/tremors; smoky/fuming sensation; heart palpitations.

कफज-अतिसारः ( kaphaja-atisāraḥ )

Diarrhoea due to vitiated kapha
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: defecation of greasy/unctuous stools; whitish faeces; slimy faeces; faeces with fibres/threads; faeces with ama/unformed stools; heavy stools; foul odour; faeces mixed with mucus; associated with pain; scanty stools; frequent defecation; defecation with straining; heaviness in abdomen; heaviness in anus; heaviness in urinary bladder or basti; heaviness in groin region; feeling of incomplete defecation; horripilation; nausea/provocation of dosha; sleepiness; exhaustion; person with aversion to food; drowsiness/lassitude; loose stools; viscid faeces without sound; thick stools; formed stools; defecation of faeces of cold nature.

कफज-अधिमन्थः ( kaphaja-adhimanthaḥ )

Glaucoma due to vitiated kapha, chronic glaucoma
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: inflammation of the eye without excessive congestion; discharge; itching; coldness; heaviness; sliminess; rheum; horripilation; seeing with difficulty; eye dirty as if full of dust; turbid eyes; feeling of tension in nose and headache; depressed cornea; raised sclera; excessive salivation.

कफज-अपस्मारः ( kaphaja-apasmāraḥ )

Epilepsy due to vitiated kapha
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: seizures with long duration; slow seizures; regaining consciousness after a longer time; falling down; not much abnormal behaviour; salivation; white nails; whitish discoloration of eyes; whitish discoloration of face; whitish skin; seeing things as whitish; seeing things in large size; seeing things as unctuous; whitish discoloration of froth; whitish discoloration of any body part; horripilation in body; heaviness of body; cold; nausea; sleep; falling down on floor; vomiting mucus secretions; feeling of being chased by black horrifying object/person; total disturbance of mind; agony/ pain; excessive talking/irrelevant speech/incoherent speech; cooing sound from throat; fewer movements.

कफज-अम्लपित्तम्/ श्लेष्मपित्तम् ( kaphaja-amlapittam/ śleṣmapittam )

Type of hyperacidity due to vitiated kapha
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: mucoid expectoration; heaviness; dullness/ frigidity/inactivity; loss of taste; feeling of cold/chills; bodily exhaustion or tiredness; vomiting; stickiness; weak digestion; loss of strength; itching; sleep.

कफज-अरोचकः ( kaphaja-arocakaḥ )

Anorexia due to vitiated kapha
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a sweet taste in mouth; sliminess of the oral cavity; heaviness in the mouth; coldness in the mouth; stiffness and tightness of mouth; itching; secretion of mucus; bodily exhaustion or tiredness; drowsiness/lassitude; saltish taste in the mouth.

कफज-अश्मरी ( kaphaja-aśmarī )

Urinary calculus due to vitiated kapha
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: obstruction to passage of urine; disintegrating/cracking sensation in bladder; penetrating/ perforating sensation in bladder; pinprick-like sensation in vesical region; heaviness of bladder; coldness of bladder; white-coloured stone; stone unctuous to touch; large stone; stone resembling chicken egg; stone colour resembling madhūkapuṣpa; honey-coloured stone; glossy stone.

कफज-आमवातः ( kaphaja-āmavātaḥ )

Kapha-predominant polyarthritis due to ama
A disorder characterized by the feeling of being covered with a wet cloth; heaviness; itching.

कफज-उदररोगः ( kaphaja-udararogaḥ )

Abdominal enlargement due to vitiated kapha
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: numbness; heaviness; loss of taste; indigestion; generalized body aches; oedema/swelling in hands; oedema/swelling in legs; scrotal oedema; swelling in thighs; nausea/provocation of dosha; sleep; breathlessness/ difficulty in breathing; cough; white discoloration of nails; white discoloration of eyes; white discoloration of body; white discoloration of urine; white discoloration of faeces; whitishcoloured veins spread across the abdomen; abdominal area cold to touch; heaviness of abdomen; steady swelling; unctuous in nature; huge swelling; with body pain; increasing over a long time; generalized oedema; feeling of being wrapped in a wet cloth; smooth to touch; huge swelling; hard swelling.

कफज-उपदंशः ( kaphaja-upadaṃśaḥ )

Sexually transmitted penile inflammation due to vitiated kapha
A disease characterized by a swelling with itching; hard swelling; unctuous swelling; dull aching pain; cold swelling; heavy swelling; copious white dense discharge.

कफज-ओष्ठप्रकोपः ( kaphaja-oṣṭhaprakopaḥ )

Disorders of lip due to vitiated kapha, subacute herpes labialis
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: itching; heaviness of lips; whitish lip; moist; unctuous lip; loss of taste; rigidity of lips; mucoid salivation; nausea/provocation of dosha; less rapid digestive capacity; confused state; mild pain; lesion similar to lip colour; painless eruptions in lips; lips becoming slimy; lips becoming cold; heaviness of lips; intolerant of cold; oedematous lips.

कफज-प्रतिश्यायः ( kaphaja-pratiśyāyaḥ )

Rhinitis due to vitiated kapha
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: copious cold mucus discharge from nose; intermittent discharge of white mucus; whitish appearance of body; whitish-coloured eyes; heaviness of head; excessive itching in throat; excessive itching in palate; excessive itching in lips; excessive itching in head; cough; loss of taste; vomiting; heaviness of body parts; sweet taste in mouth; unctuous mucus discharge; swelling in orbital region.

कफज-योनिरोगः ( kaphaja-yonirogaḥ )

Vaginal disease due to predominant kapha
A gynaecological disorder characterized by sliminess of the female genital organs; coldness of female genital organs; itching in female genital organs; mild pain; pale-coloured female genital organs; paleness of menstrual blood; slimy menstrual flow; painless; discharge according to affected dosha.

कफज-वृद्धिः ( kaphaja-vṛddhiḥ )

Hydrocoele due to kapha predominance
A disorder characterized by being associated with a burning sensation; swelling with itching; hard swelling; unctuous swelling; dull aching pain; cold swelling.

कफज-शिरोरोगः ( kaphaja-śirorogaḥ )

Headache due to vitiated kapha
Headache characterized by mild headache; numbness in head; numbness and heaviness in head; heaviness of head; drowsiness/lassitude; lethargy; loss of taste; periorbital swelling; oedema of face; cold; feeling of being wrapped in a wet cloth; veins not pulsating; mild pain in daytime; more pain at night; itching in ear; vomiting; affected with kapha; stiffness of head; head becoming cold.

कफजकर्णरोगः ( kaphajakarṇarogaḥ )

Ear disorders due to vitiated kapha, chronic otalgia
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: abnormal hearing; itching; fixed swelling; whitish discharge; unctuous discharge; mild pain; heaviness of head; heaviness in neck region; heaviness over mandibular region; mild pain; itching inside ear; swelling around ear; preference for hot things; discharge of thick white fluid if suppuration occurs.

कफजकासः ( kaphajakāsaḥ )

Cough due to vitiated kapha
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: diminution of agni; loss of taste/loss of appetite; vomiting; cold catarrh; nausea/provocation of dosha; horripilation; sweetness in mouth; moistening/soddening; fatigue; cough with profuse phlegm; sweet-tasting phlegm; unctuous phlegm; thick phlegm; whitish phlegm; little or no pain on coughing; feeling as if whole chest is filled with phlegm; stickiness of oral cavity; headache; feeling as if body is filled with phlegm; thick compact phlegm; heaviness of head; feeling of coating over throat; feeling as if heart is wrapped in a wet cloth; itching.

कफजकृमिः [अन्त्रादः, उदरादः, हृदयचरः, चुरवः, दर्भपुष्पः, सौगन्धिकः, महागुदा] ( kaphajakṛmiḥ )

Worm or parasite arising from vitiated kapha; residing in stomach and small intestine
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: loss of taste; indigestion; borborygmi with distension; salivation; emaciation; sneezing; vomiting; fever; cold catarrh; syncope or swooning; nausea; yawning; generalized body aches; roughness/dryness.

कफजक्षीरदोषः ( kaphajakṣīradoṣaḥ )

Breast milk vitiated by kapha
A disorder characterized by breast milk which is thick/dense; slimy; sinking in water; slightly salty in taste; thick.

कफजगलगण्डः ( kaphaja-galagaṇḍaḥ )

Goitre due to vitiated kapha
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: fixed swelling; swelling of normally coloured skin; heavy swelling in throat; associated with severe itching; cold swelling; very big swelling; suppurating after a long time; mild pain; sweetness in mouth; palate feeling as if coated; throat feeling as if coated.

कफजगुल्मः ( kaphajagulmaḥ )

Lumps or growths due to vitiated kapha
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: fever with chills; loss of taste; indigestion; generalized body aches; horripilation; heart disease; vomiting; sleep; lethargy; sensation of being covered with a wet cloth; heaviness; burning sensation in head; stable gulma; heavy gulma; hardness deepening; numb/immobile; cough (severe); severe breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; cold catarrh (severe); fulminant rājayakṣmā; whitish discoloration of skin; whitish discoloration of eyes; whitish discoloration of face; light/whitish-coloured urine; light/whitish-coloured stool; bodily exhaustion or tiredness/inability to perform physical activities; excessive salivation; sweet taste in mouth; signs of kapha; cold catarrh; nausea; coldness; mild pain; raised gulma.

कफजग्रन्थिः ( kaphajagranthiḥ )

Nodular swelling, cyst due to vitiated kapha
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: cold swelling; goat-coloured swelling; swelling with mild pain; swelling with excessive itching; swelling of stony consistency; increasing over a long period of time; discharging thick white pus on bursting; painless micturition; body-coloured swelling.

कफजग्रहणीरोग ( kaphajagrahaṇīroga )

Chronic diarrhoea with malabsorption of nutrients. due to vitiated kapha
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: difficulty in digesting food; nausea; vomiting; loss of taste; sticky feeling in mouth; sweetness in mouth; cough; spitting/excess expectoration; cold/catarrh; feeling as if cardiac region/heart distended; motionless abdomen; heavy abdomen; unpleasant eructations; sweet eructations; exhaustion; not interested in sexual indulgence with women; passage of unformed faeces; defecation of stools with mucus; defecation of bulky/heavy stools; weakness despite lack of emaciation; lethargy; heaviness.

कफजचतुर्थकज्वरः ( kaphajacaturthakajvaraḥ )

Intermittent fiver recurring every fourth day due to predominance of kapha
A disorder characterized by initial affliction of pain in calf muscles.

कफजछर्दिः ( kaphajachardiḥ )

Vomiting due to vitiated kapha
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: drowsiness/lassitude; sweetness in mouth; mucoid salivation; sense of satiety/contentment; sleep; loss of taste; heaviness; unctuous vomitus; thick vomitus; sweetish vomitus; clear vomitus; horripilation; vomitus with mild pain; vomiting in large quantity; vomitus white in colour; vomitus cold in nature; vomitus predominent with kapha; pain in empty stomach; exhaustion; vomitus with thready appearance; vomitus salty in taste; frequent/forceful vomiting; continuous vomiting; facial oedema; nausea; cough.

कफजज्वरः ( kaphajajvaraḥ )

Fever due to vitiated kapha
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: onset of fever in whole body at once; rise in fever in whole body at once; onset of fever after food; rise in fever after food; onset of fever in early morning; rise in fever in early morning; onset of fever in the first part of night; rise in fever in first part of night; onset of fever in spring or vasanta ṛtu; rise in fever in spring or vasanta ṛtu; sweet taste in mouth; heaviness; aversion to food; salivation/kapha oozing out; nausea; feeling as if heart is coated/wrapped; sensation of dampness/feeling of being wrapped in a wet cloth; vomiting; diminution of agni; excessive sleep; rigidity/stiffness; drowsiness/lassitude; cough; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; cold catarrh; coldness; whitishness of nails; whitishness of eyes; whitishness of face/mouth; light/whitishcoloured urine; light/whitish-coloured stool; whitish-coloured skin; excessive cold papules on body; lack of warmth; aggravation with usage of nidāna and relief with upaśaya; nausea/provocation of dosha; horripilation; obstruction in srotas; mild pain; not excessively raised temperature of body; bodily exhaustion or tiredness/inability to perform physical activities; indigestion; loss of taste; dullness/frigidity/inactivity; obstruction in srotas; fever with low spike; cold catarrh; nausea; rigidity/stiffness; cold papules on body; raised circular patches on body/urticaria; low-grade rise of fever; lethargy; satiety; nausea/provocation of dosha; saltish taste in the mouth; excessive salivation.

कफजतृष्णा ( kaphajatṛṣṇā )

Morbid thirst due to vitiated kapha
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: heaviness of body; suffering from excessive thirst; sleep; sweet taste in the mouth; excessive dehydration; feeling of coated throat; slimy and sticky feeling inside mouth; fever with chills; vomiting; loss of taste; heaviness of body; oedema of extremities; body orifices feeling as if coated with slush and then dried; body orifices feeling dried with kapha; feeling as if throat covered by thorns; abdominal distension; heaviness of head; sensation of being covered with a wet cloth; lethargy; indigestion.

कफजदन्तनाडी ( kaphajadantanāḍī )

Alveolar sinus due to vitiated kapha, chronic alveolar sinus
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: excessive discharge; thick discharge; whitishcoloured discharge; slimy discharge; discharge at night; feeling of being wrapped in a wet cloth; pain; hard; severe itching.

कफजनाडीव्रणः ( kaphajanāḍīvraṇaḥ )

Deep ulcer with fistula formation due to vitiated kapha
A sinus ulcer characterized by an excessive/copious discharge; thick/dense discharge; whitish-coloured discharge; slimy discharge; discharge at night; associated with mild pain; hard in nature; associated with itching; stiffness; excessive soddening during the night.

कफजनासार्शः ( kaphajanāsārśaḥ )

Nasal polyp due to vitiated kapha
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: the presenting part being whitish; broadbased; fixed; rounded; smooth; pale white; resembling a karīra sprout; resembling a jackfruit or panasa kernel; resembling a cow’s udder; not burst or discharging; causing excessive itching.

कफजपरिणामशूलः ( kaphajapariṇāmaśūlaḥ )

Abdominal colic occurring during digestion of food due to vitiated kapha
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: vomiting; nausea; unconsciousness/ confusion; mild pain; pain persistent for a long time; pain relieved by taking pungent substances; pain relieved by taking bitter substances.

कफजपाण्डुरोगः ( kaphajapāṇḍurogaḥ )

Anaemic syndrome due to vitiated kapha
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: heaviness; drowsiness/lassitude; vomiting; whitish discoloration of body; whitish discoloration of eyes; covered with whitish veins; whitish discoloration of faeces; whitish discoloration of urine; whitish discoloration of nails; whitish discoloration of face; excessive salivation; horripilation; bodily exhaustion or tiredness; syncope or swooning; giddiness or dizziness; exhaustion without exertion; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; cough; lethargy; loss of taste; obstructed speech; obstructed voice; desire for pungent taste; desire for dryness; desire for heat; oedema; sweet taste in the mouth; salty taste in the mouth; diminution of voice/loss of voice; whitish discoloration of skin.

कफजप्रमेहः ( kaphajapramehaḥ )

Polyuria disorder due to vitiated kapha

कफजमसूरिका ( kaphajamasūrikā )

Lentil-shaped pox disease due to vitiated kapha
Lentil-shaped eruptive disorder is characterized by salivation; sensation of being covered with a wet cloth; headache; heaviness of the limbs; nausea; loss of taste; sleep; drowsiness/lassitude; lethargy; white; unctuous apprearance of eruptions; large eruptions; associated with an itching sensation; mild pain; taking a long time to suppurate.

कफजमूत्रकृच्छ्रम् ( kaphajamūtrakṛcchram )

Difficulty in urination due to vitiated kapha
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: heaviness in the urinary bladder or basti; swelling in urinary bladder; slimy urine; heaviness in penis; penile oedema; urinary retention; unctuous urine; whitishcoloured urine; urine not too hot; horripilation; heaviness in scrotum.

कफजमूर्च्छा ( kaphajamūrcchā )

Syncope due to vitiated kapha
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: becoming unconscious while seeing a cloudy sky; becoming unconscious while seeing a dark cloudy sky; regaining consciousness after a long time; heaviness of body; feeling of body parts covered with moist leather; salivation; nausea; syncope or swooning.

कफजयोनिकन्दः ( kaphajayonikandaḥ )

Round-shaped abscess in vagina due to vitiated kapha
A gynaecological disorder characterized by swelling resembling nila puṣpa; itching in external genital organs.

कफजरक्तपित्तम् ( kaphajaraktapittam )

Haemorrhage due to predominance of kapha
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: discharge of viscous blood; pale blood; oily blood; slimy blood; and mucoid blood.

कफजरोहिणी ( kaphajarohiṇī )

Diphtheria due to vitiated kapha
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: slimy membranes; pale; originating from blood; associated with eruptions or vesicles; obstructing the throat channels; localized immobile muscular projection;

कफजविद्रधिः ( kaphajavidradhiḥ )

Abscess due to vitiated kapha
A type of abscess characterized by a swelling resembling an earthen saucer; pallor; cold; stiffness; mild pain; develops slowly and suppurates after a long time; whitish discharge; slimy discharge; profuse discharge; excessive/copious discharge; itching; yawning; nausea/provocation of dosha; loss of taste; heaviness.

कफजविसर्पः ( kaphajavisarpaḥ )

Erysipelas, spreading cellulitis due to vitiated kapha
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: chills; fever with chills; heaviness; sleep; drowsiness/lassitude; loss of taste; sweet taste in mouth; sticky feeling in mouth; sputum/expectoration; vomiting; lethargy; sensation of being covered with a wet cloth; loss of digestive power; weakness; swelling over affected area of body; pallor over affected area of body; not much redness over affected area of body; unctuousness over affected area of body; numbness over affected area of body; stiffness over affected area of body; heaviness over affected area of body; mild pain over affected area of body; eruption ripening with difficulty; late-ripening eruption; eruption covered with thick skin; whitish-coloured eruption; blisters with pallor; whitish discharge after bursting of abscess/eruption; fibrous discharge after bursting of abscess/eruption; thick discharge after bursting of abscess/eruption; clotted discharge after bursting of abscess/eruption; unctuous discharge after bursting of abscess/eruption; thick and heavy-netted covering over upper body; thick and unctuous skin covering; chronic in nature; white nails; white eyes; whitish face; whitish skin; whitish urine; whitish stool; slow (forward) movement; mild pain; excessive itching; associated with itching; smooth/ unctuous/oily; constitutional features as in kaphaja fever; kapha-dominant wound formation in ripened and ruptured abscess.

कफजविस्फोटकः ( kaphajavisphoṭakaḥ )

Bullous eruptions due to vitiated kapha
A disorder characterized by loss of taste; painless; itching; hardness; taking a long time to suppurate; vomiting; dullness/ frigidity/inactivity; pallor.

कफजव्रणशोफः ( kaphajavraṇaśophaḥ )

Pre-ulcerative inflammation due to vitiated kapha
A condition characterized by a pale swelling; hard swelling; cold swelling; unctuous swelling; delayed onset of suppuration; itching; heaviness; numbness.

कफजशूलः ( kaphajaśūlaḥ )

Abdominal colic due to vitiated kapha
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: nausea; severe abdominal fullness; heaviness of body; cough; exhaustion; loss of taste; excessive salivation; stillness of stomach as if amaśaya wrapped in a wet cloth; heaviness of abdomen; heaviness of head; pain increasing on eating; pain increasing at sunrise; pain increasing in śiśira ṛtu; pain increasing in spring.

कफजशोफः ( kaphajaśophaḥ )

Oedema due to vitiated kapha
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: massive oedema; firm oedema; whitish in colour; loss of taste; excessive salivation; sleep; vomiting; diminution of agni; prolonged onset and subsiding with difficulty; pitting on pressure and not quickly refilling; more prominent at night; itching; whitish hairs; hard oedema; cold in nature; oily appearance; soft oedema; thick/dense swelling; no bleeding on incision; oozing of serous fluid for a long time after incision; desire to touch at site; desire for heat; slowly spreading.

कफजश्लीपदः ( kaphajaślīpadaḥ )

Filariasis due to vitiated kapha
Filariasis characterized by a whitish-coloured swelling; glossy swelling; mild pain; heavy in nature; huge swelling; associated with thorn-like projections; heavy swelling in the inguinal region and foot; associated with muscular growths; pale swelling in the inguinal region and foot; heavy swelling; hard swelling in the inguinal region and foot.

कफजस्वरभेदः ( kaphajasvarabhedaḥ )

Hoarse voice, altered voice due to vitiated kapha
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: hoarseness of voice; obstructed/suffocated voice; rattling sound; voice emerging with difficulty; throat always choked with secretions; speaking little and slowly; voice distinct during the daytime; feeling as if throat smeared with phlegm.

कफजहृद्रोगः ( kaphajahṛdrogaḥ )

Heart disease due to vitiated kapha
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: feeling as if the heart is numb; feeling as if the heart is wrapped in a wet cloth; feeling of heaviness in the heart; drowsiness/lassitude; loss of taste; feeling as if the heart is stony hard; heaviness; secretion of mucus; loss of taste; rigidity/stiffness; diminution of digestive power; sweetness in mouth; lassitude; feeling as if the heart is stiff and rigid; cough; spitting; sleep; lethargy; fever.

कफजार्शः ( kaphajārśaḥ )

Haemorrhoids due to vitiated kapha
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: proportionate polyps; heaped anal sprouts; nonsensitive to touch; whitish anal sprouts; pale anal sprouts; noncompressible haemorrhoids; heavy; haemorrhoids appear as if wrapped in a wet cloth; numb sensation; fixed swelling; intense itching; heavy dishcarge from deeply rooted haemorrhoidal mass; continuous discharge; coppery brown discharge from haemorrhoidal mass; whitish discharge; blood discharge; slimy discharge; heavy urination; heavy thick stools; turbid urine; slimy faeces; whitish urine; whitish faeces; improved with dry mode of treatment; improved with hot mode of treatment; dysentery; excessive enlargement; distension in groin region; cutting type of pain; spitting of sputum; haemorrhoids with broad pedicle; condensed peduncle in anal region; haemorrhoids with mild pain; haemorrhoids white in colour; raised; heaped; unctuous haemorrhoids; noncompressible haemorrhoids; round haemorrhoids; heavy haemorrhoids; fixed haemorrhoids; slimy haemorrhoidal mass; haemorrhoids appear as if wrapped in a wet cloth; glossy haemorrhoidal mass; intense itching; improved by touch; thorny appearance; haemorrhoidal mass resembling a panasa; haemorrhoidal mass resembling a cow’s udder; swelling in the inguinal region; stretching sensation in the anal region; stretching sensation in the urinary bladder region or basti; stretching sensation in the umbilical region; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; cough; nausea; excessive salivation; loss of taste; chronic rhinitis; frequent and excessive micturition; dysuria; heaviness in the head; heaviness; dysuria; dryness/wasting/emaciation; oedema; pallor/pale; urolithiasis; mutiple gravely particles in urine; feeling as if heart is coated/wrapped; feeling as if sense organs are coated; sweetness in mouth; excessive urination; chronic nature; excessive diminution of agni; excessive impotency; whitish nails; whitish eyes; whitish face; whitish discoloration of skin; whitish urine; whitish faeces; whitish teeth; fever with rigors; inability to perform sexual act/ impotence; diminution of agni; vomiting; leading to amavikara; faeces with fat-like appearance; faeces mixed with kapha; faeces passed with tenesmus; no discharge; no bursting; pallor; pale nails; pale faeces; pale urine; pallor in eyes; pale face; unctuous skin; unctuous nails; unctuous faeces; unctuous urine; unctuous eyes; unctuous face; faeces resembling raw meat washings; loose stool in large quantity; indigestion; heaviness of head.

कफजोन्मादः ( kaphajonmādaḥ )

Psychosis due to vitiated kapha
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a person confined to one area; sitting alone silently; travelling less; excessive salivation; nasal discharge; aversion to food; wanting secrecy/privacy; sickening; aversion to cleanliness; dreaming daily; facial oedema; whitish eyes; feeling as if eyes are wrapped in wet cloth; rheumy eyes; slow speech; sluggishness in body activities; loss of taste; liking for women; liking for solitude; excessive sleep; vomiting; symptoms provoked by eating; whitish discoloration of nails; diminution of agni; exhaustion; cough; reduced intellect; eating less; desire for heat; aggravation of disease at night; desire for sex with female; sleep; facial oedema; turbid eyes.

कफज्वरपूर्वरूपम् ( Kaphajvarapūrvarūpam )

Prodromal symptoms of fever due to vitiated kapha
A disorder characterized by aversion to food as presenting complaint.

कफदुष्टरक्तः ( kaphaduṣṭaraktaḥ )

Condition of improper repair of punctured ear causing kaphavitiated blood
A condition characterized by stiffness; itching.

कफदोषावस्था ( kaphadoṣāvasthā )

Morbid state of kapha

कफपित्तजज्वरः ( kaphapittajajvaraḥ )

Fever due to vitiated kapha and pitta
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a fluctuating feeling of burning and coldness; fluctuating sweating and feeling of stiffness; suppression of sweating; confusion/delirium; cough; loss of taste; thirst; spitting of kapha; spitting of pitta; stickiness in the mouth; a bitter taste in the mouth; drowsiness/lassitude; no specific order of chills/cold; no specific order of stiffness; no specific order of sweating; no specific order of burning sensation.

कफपित्ततृतीयकज्वरः ( kaphapittatṛtīyakajvaraḥ )

Intermittent fever recurring every third day due to predominance of kapha and pitta
A disorder characterized by stiffness of sacroiliac region.

कफप्रकृतिः ( kaphaprakṛtiḥ )

Body constitution with a predominance of kapha
The characters of a kapha predominant person are greatly influenced by its qualities: oiliness, smoothness, softness, density, firmness, heaviness, cold, slowness, stability, viscousness and clarity. Accordingly, the person will have inherent characteristics such as being well built and well formed, with a firm, compact, heavy, steady and pleasant body; with compact joints, and an oily, smooth and soft skin without moles, freckles or dryness; a stable gait; with less hunger and thirst; slow eating habits; an increased amount of semen and sexual desire; slow in action and speech; soft voiced; reduced sweating; with slow and often delayed initiation of action; a cheerful and pleasant appearance, with a calm and easy-going attitude.

कफप्रकोपः ( kaphaprakopaḥ )

Aggravation of kapha
A disorder characterized by aversion to food; nausea.

कफप्रसरः ( kaphaprasaraḥ )

Spreading of kapha
A disorder characterized by loss of taste; indigestion; bodily exhaustion or tiredness/inability to perform physical activities; vomiting.

कफवहा ( Kaphavahā )

Vein carrying kapha

कफवातजज्वरः ( kaphavātajajvaraḥ )

Fever due to vitiated kapha- vata
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: feeling of cold/chills; heaviness; drowsiness/ lassitude; sensation of being covered with a wet cloth; pain in small joints; stiffness of head; cold catarrh; cough; absence of perspiration; moderate rise of temperature; sleep; decrease in temperature; loss of taste; headache; cold catarrh; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; constipation; dullness/ frigidity/inactivity; black-outs; giddiness or dizziness.

कफवातप्रकृतिः ( kaphavātaprakṛtiḥ )

Body constitution with a predominance of kapha and vāta
A body constitution with predominantly mixed features of kapha and vata.

कफविदग्धदृष्टिः/रात्र्यान्ध्यम् ( kaphavidagdhadṛṣṭiḥ/ rātryāndhyam )

Night blindness
A disorder characterized by all objects being perceived as white; night blindness; eyes favoured by the sun during daytime when objects can be seen.

कफसञ्चयः ( kaphasañcayaḥ )

Accumulation of kapha
A disorder characterized by heaviness; lethargy.

कफाभिष्यन्दः ( kaphābhiṣyandaḥ )

Conjunctivitis due to A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs vitiated kapha, purulent and symptoms: lack of warmth; heaviness of eyes; swelling of conjunctivitis eyes; itching; stickiness in eyes; whiteness; excessive coldness; frequent discharge; slimy discharge; inactivity of eyes; excessive swelling; sleep; lack of desire for food; discharge of thick rheum; discharge of unctuous rheum; excessive secretion of rheum; secretion of whitish rheum; rheum appears slimy; thick tear secretion; unctuous tear secretion; excessive tear secretion; whitish tear secretion; slimy tear secretion.

कफाशयः, श्लेष्माशयः ( kaphāśayaḥ, śleṣmāśayaḥ )

Receptacle for kapha
The most prominent site of kapha: chest, stomach (upper abdomen) and head.

कम्पः/वेपथुः ( kampaḥ/ vepathuḥ )

Morbid tremor
A disorder characterized by involuntary movements of all body parts/shaking movement of whole body.

कम्पिल्लकः ( kampillakaḥ )

Kamala or kumkum tree fruit powder
The red coloured powder covering the fruit of the kamala or kumkum tree [Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Müll.Arg.].

करणम् ( karaṇam )

Sensory, motor and intellectual faculties
Altogether there are thirteen of these faculties.

करणम् ( karaṇam )

Tool, instrument
The tool or instrument used for treatment, i.e. a medicine or procedure.

करपत्रशस्त्रम् ( karapatraśastram )

Bone saw
A type of saw-like instrument used to cut bone.

करालः ( karālaḥ )

Improper eruption of teeth, irregular teeth
A disorder characterized by improperly erupted teeth; eruption of teeth with disagreeable appearance.

कर्ण-अर्बुदः ( karṇa-arbudaḥ )

Tumours of ear

कर्ण-अर्शः ( karṇa-arśaḥ )

Auricular polyp

कर्ण-कण्डूः ( karṇa-kaṇḍūḥ )

Auricular pruritis
A disorder characterized by severe itching sensation in the ear canal

कर्ण-क्ष्वेडः ( karṇa-kṣveḍaḥ )

Abnormal perception of sounds, tinnitus due to excess excertion, depletion of structural components.
A disorder characterized by hearing whistling or high-pitched sounds; hearing a flute-like sound.

कर्ण-गूथकः ( karṇa-gūthakaḥ )

Impacted wax
A disorder characterized by the presence of dried śleṣma in the ear.

कर्ण-नादः ( karṇa-nādaḥ )

Abnormal perception of sounds, tinnitus due to mechanical reasons
A disorder characterized by hearing various kinds of sound in the ear, e.g. bugle, drum or mṛdaṅga, conch.

कर्ण-पाकः ( karṇa-pākaḥ )

Otitis externa
A disorder characterized by putrefaction inside ear/ suppuration; manifestation of moistness inside ear.

कर्ण-प्रतिनाहः ( karṇa-pratināhaḥ )

Tympanic perforation
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: liquified wax emerging through the nose; hemicranial pain; earache; heaviness in ear; feeling of obstruction in ear; coating of liquified earwax inside ear; causing varying kinds of head disease.

कर्ण-विद्रधिः ( karṇa-vidradhiḥ )

Ear abscess

कर्ण-शोफः/कर्णशोथः ( karṇa-śophaḥ/ karṇaśothaḥ )

Oedema of ear
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: abnormal hearing; itching; fixed swelling; whitish discharge; unctuous discharge; mild pain; heaviness of head; heaviness in neck region; heaviness over mandibular region; mild pain; itching inside ear; swelling around ear; preference for hot things; discharge of thick white fluid as in perichondritis if suppuration occurs.

कर्ण-स्रावः ( karṇa-srāvaḥ )

Otorrhoea
A disorder characterized by pus discharge from the ears.

कर्णः, श्रोत्रम्, श्रवणम् ( karṇaḥ, śrotram, śravaṇam )

Ear

कर्णधूपनम् ( karṇadhūpanam )

Medicated fumigation of ear
The procedure of fumigation therapy in ear diseases.

कर्णनाडी ( karṇanāḍī )

External auditory canal

कर्णपालिरोगः ( karṇapālirogaḥ )

Disorders of ear lobule

कर्णपाली-अभिवर्धनअभ्यङ्गः ( karṇapālī-abhivardhanaabhyaṅgaḥ )

Massage for elongation of ear lobule
A post-lobuloplasty procedure for strengthening and elongating the earlobe.

कर्णपाली, कर्णलतिका ( karṇapālī, karṇalatikā )

Lobe of the ear

कर्णपीठम् ( karṇapīṭham )

Base of the ear, pinna

कर्णपुत्रकः ( karṇaputrakaḥ )

External ear, tragus

कर्णपूरणम् ( karṇapūraṇam )

Retention of medications in ear canal
The procedure of instilling lukewarm oils or herbal juices into the ear and retaining them for a specific time.

कर्णपृष्ठम् ( karṇapṛṣṭham )

Mastoid region

कर्णप्रक्षालनम् ( karṇaprakṣālanam )

Ear canal wash
The procedure of cleaning the ear canal using a medicated liquid.

कर्णप्रमार्जनम् ( karṇapramārjanam )

Ear canal cleaning
The procedure of cleaning the ear canal.

कर्णमलः ( karṇamalaḥ )

Ear wax

कर्णमूलम् ( karṇamūlam )

Parotid region

कर्णरोगः ( karṇarogaḥ )

Disorders of ear

कर्णरोगचिकित्सा ( karṇarogacikitsā )

Management of diseases of the ear
Treatment of diseases related to the ear.

कर्णवेधनसंस्कारः ( karṇavedhanasaṁskāraḥ )

Ear-piercing ceremony
A ceremony performed during the period of infancy (6 to 8 months) in which the earlobes are pierced.

कर्णव्यधजन्यरोगः ( karṇavyadhajanyarogaḥ )

Condition due to improper piercing of ear lobule or pinna

कर्णव्यधनसन्धान-अयोगः ( karṇavyadhanasandhānaayogaḥ )

Condition of improper repair of punctured ear

कर्णशष्कुलिका ( karṇaśaṣkulikā )

External ear

कर्णशूलः ( karṇaśūlaḥ )

Ear pain; otalgia

कर्णस्रोतः ( karṇa-srotaḥ )

External auditory meatus

कर्णस्वेदनम् ( Karṇasvedanam )

Sudation therapy of ear
The procedure of achieve sudation therapy of the ear by nāḍīsveda (applying a jet of steam through a tube) and piṇḍāsveda (applying a poultice).

कर्णावटुः ( karṇāvaṭuḥ )

Concha of the ear

कर्णास्थि ( karṇāsthi )

Bones of the ear

कर्ता ( kartā )

The doer, the executing agent
A word which also denotes soul, but may be used figuratively to denote author or physician.

कर्दमविसर्पः/ पित्तकफजविसर्पः ( kardamavisarpaḥ/ pittakaphajavisarpaḥ )

Erysipelas, spreading cellulitis due to vitiated pitta and kapha
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: fever with chills; heaviness of head; burning sensation; sensation of being covered with a wet cloth; fatigue; sleep; drowsiness/lassitude; confusion/delirium; aversion to food; excessive talking/irrelevant speech/ incoherent speech; loss of agni weakness; breaking/splitting type of bone pain; syncope or swooning; thirst; feeling as if body channels are covered with sticky material; dullness/ inactivity/sluggishness of sense organs; occasional defecation; convulsive movements of body; generalized body aches; distress/discontent/restlessness; anxious curiosity; predominantly in āmāśaya region; affecting specific organ/ region/body part; area of red nodules; area of yellowish nodules; area of whitish nodules; area of mecaka (resembling the ocelli in a peacock’s tail) nodules; area of blackish nodules; misty/unclean area; unctuous area; area with excessive heat; heaviness; heavy and wet feeling with pain; oedematous; deep-seated suppuration; without any discharge; getting moist very quickly; soft tissue and muscles with sweat; soft tissue and muscles with moisture; skin with sweat; moist skin; putrefaction of mamsa; putrid smell; gradual mild pain; breaking down on touch and feeling muddy or slushy; breaking down after suppuration; foul smelling and moist soft tissue; visible blood vessels and soft tissue/ muscles; cadaveric smell; loss of consciousness; dementia; rigidity/stiffness; loss of taste; giddiness or dizziness; dulling of senses; defecation with ama; friable on touch because sodden; resembling mud owing to muscle decay; exposed ligaments; tendons and vascular bundles;

कर्परपाचनम् ( karparapācanam )

Cooking on pan
The method of cooking on a hot pan which is usually made of clay.

कर्म ( karma )

Action
Activity, one of the six ontological categories of an object. It refers to pharmacological, nutritional and action in the context of medical practice.

कर्म ( karma )

Pharmacological activity
Defined as the action inherent in the substance. Covers a wide range of pharmaco-therapeutic actions and nutritional effects.

कर्म-विशेषः ( karma-viśeṣaḥ )

Dissimilarity at the level of action
An activity which causes depletion or reduction, e.g. physical exercise reducing kapha, which otherwise would increase with inactivity.

कर्म-सामान्यम् ( karma-sāmānyam )

Similarity at the level of action
Action or physical movement which may lead to an increase in a specific element. e.g. sleep increasing kapha.

कर्मबस्तिः ( karmabastiḥ )

Course of thirty combined therapeutic enemas
A type of therapeutic enema based on a course of thirty enemas which includes eighteen half-dose therapeutic ghee or oily enemas and twelve therapeutic decoction enemas, , administered in a particular sequence.

कर्मभाराध्वह्तोपवासमैथुना ध्ययनव्यायामचिन्ताप्रसक्त ( karmabhārādhvahtopavāsamaithunādhyayanavyāyāmacintāprasakta )

Condition caused by emetic therapy administered to person indulging in excessive physical activity, fasting, sex, loud reading of books and excessive thinking
A condition characterized by fear of aggravation of vata; haemorrhage or injury to lungs; haemorrhage or injury to lungs.

कर्मेन्द्रियम् ( karmendriyam )

Motor faculty
The five faculties of action: speech faculty (vak), hands (pani),,legs (padaḥ), anus (payu) and genitalia (upastha).

कर्शनम् ( karśanam )

Weight-reducing
A related term to emaciating substance.

कर्षः, तोला ( karṣaḥ, tolā )

Measure of weight approximately equal to 12 g
Measure of weight equal to 12 masha.

कर्षूस्वेदः ( karṣūsvedaḥ )

Sweating induced in a pit filled with embers
A type of sudation therapy in which diaphoresis is achieved by lying down on or sitting over a bed placed above a pit filled with the embers of prescribed substances.

कललम् ( kalalam )

Stage of fetal development resembling the morula

कला ( kalā )

Boundary between tissues
The general name given to the seven bodily membranes, e.g. fasciae or septae.

कला ( kalā )

Time equivalent to approximately 71.64 seconds
Time equal to 30 kashtha.

कलायखञ्जः ( kalāyakhañjaḥ )

Kesari palsy
A disorder characterized by trembling on walking; dragging walking/lameness; loss of joint control/loose joint ligaments.

कलाविका ( kalāvikā )

Area four fingerbreadths proximal to the wrist

कल्कः ( kalkaḥ )

Paste

कल्कः (व्रणचिकित्सा) ( kalkaḥ (vraṇacikitsā)

Application of medicated paste for wound management
Topical application of medicated paste to a wound.

कल्पना ( kalpanā )

Concept, hypothesis
A conceptual construction, the work of the imagination.

कवलः ( kavalaḥ )

Mouth gargle
A therapeutic procedure in which medicated decoctions, oils or other suitable liquids are retained under constant movement in the oral cavity for a specific time.

कवल-अतियोगः ( kavala-atiyogaḥ )

Condition due to excessive use of gargling therapy
A condition characterized by loss of taste; stomatitis; thirst.

कवलचिकित्सापचारः ( kavalacikitsāpacāraḥ )

Condition due to improper gargling therapy

कवलधारणम् (व्रणचिकित्सा) ( kavaladhāraṇam (vraṇacikitsā)

Therapeutic gargling for wound management
Therapeutic gargling (kavala) for removal of dosha, alleviation of pain and burning, and cleansing of oral cavity wounds.

कवलहीनयोगः ( kavalahīnayogaḥ )

Condition due to suboptimal use of gargling therapy
A condition characterized by dullness/frigidity/inactivity; nausea with mucus; ageusia.

कशेरुका, कशेरुः ( kaśerukā, kaśeruḥ )

Vertebra

कषायः (व्रणचिकित्सा) ( kaṣāyaḥ (vraṇacikitsā)

Application of medicated decoction for wound management
Therapeutic wound cleansing or debridement with a medicated decoction.

कषाय-रसः , तुवरः ( kaṣāya-rasaḥ, tuvaraḥ )

Astringent taste

कषायधारा ( kaṣāyadhārā )

Controlled pouring of medicated decoction over body
A procedure in which a therapeutic medicated decoction is poured in a stream all over the body.

कषायरस-मिथ्यायोगः ( kaṣāyarasa-mithyāyogaḥ )

Condition due to improper intake of astringent substances.

कषायरसातियोगः ( kaṣāyarasātiyogaḥ )

Disorder due to excessive intake of astringent substances
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: dryness in mouth; pain in precordial region; abdominal distension; choked voice; obstruction to flow of srotas; brownish discoloration; impotence/loss of sexual vigour; early ageing; obstuction to flow of vata; urinary retention; constipation; obstruction to flow of semen; emaciation; fatigued mind and body; thirst; stiffness; hemiplegia/hemiparesis; rigidity; spasmodic contractions/ convulsions of body; facial paralysis; precordial pain/cardiac pain; torticollis/stiffness of neck; flickering/twitching in various parts of body; skin irritation as if application of mustard paste; contractions; convulsions; obstruction to flow of semen; constipation/abdominal fullness; constipation.

कषायस्कन्धः ( kaṣāyaskandhaḥ )

Group of astringent substances

काकणकः ( kākaṇakaḥ )

Skin disease with lesions resembling Abrus precatorius seed
A skin disease characterized by lesions coloured like a kakanantika; exhibiting symptoms of all the kuṣṭha; dark-red in colour; dark-black in colour; severe burning sensation; severe pain.

काकलम्, काकलकम्, गलमणिः, गलशुण्डिका, घण्टिका, तालुमूलम् ( kākalam, kākalakam, galamaṇiḥ, galaśuṇḍikā, ghaṇṭikā, tālumūlam )

Uvula

काकौष्ठक: ( kākauṣṭhaka )

Lobuloplasty type 15
A type of lobuloplasty indicated when the flaps of the split ear are lacking musculature, have split ends and insignificant blood supply.

कांक्षी/स्फटिका ( kāṃkṣī/sphaṭikā )

Potash alum
K2SO4.Al2(SO4)3.24H2O. Duly processed kankshi is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations.

काञ्जिकम् ( kāñjikam )

Sour rice gruel

काञ्जिकम्/काञ्जी ( kāñjikam/kāñjī )

Sour gruel
A gruel prepared using cereals and pulses (rice and horse gram) which is fermented until it becomes sour.

काण्डम् ( kāṇḍam )

Diaphysis
Shaft or central portion of a long bone.

कामः ( kāmaḥ )

Desire, lust
Lust or desire for sensual pleasure; also, one of the four goals of life (puruṣartha).

कामला ( kāmalā )

Jaundice
Excessive secretion of bile or obstruction to bile resulting in jaundice.

कामसिरा ( kāmasirā )

Vein responsible for sexual arousal

कामादिव्यग्रमनसोविरेचनव्यापत् ( kāmādivyagramanasovirecanavyāpat )

Condition caused by A condition characterized by absence of defecation; purgation therapy defecation with difficulty; improper expulsion of dosha. administered to person whose mind is agitated by passion

काम्बलिकः ( kāmbalikaḥ )

Beverage prepared from roots and sesame
A type of beverage prepared from roots and sesame.

काम्यरसायनम् ( kāmyarasāyanam )

Rejuvenation therapy administered for specific individual needs
Rejuvenation therapy to prolong the lifespan and increase the cognitive and physical abilities.

कायः ( kāyaḥ )

Body or internal fire, denoting all metabolic factors of the body
All factors responsible for digestion and metabolism or transformation.

कायः, मानसप्रकृति ( kāyaḥ, mānasaprakṛti )

Specific mental and physical personality type
Mental and physical personality type characterized by specific qualities. The basic tendencies of the mind, intellect and behaviour are a result of the dominance of the three primordial psychophysical attributes of nature: tranquillity, harmony (satva), agitation, activity (rajas) and inertia (tamas). Although difficult, it is possible that the specific mental and physical personality type may be influenced and refined by education and the inculcation of spiritual values.

कायचिकित्सा ( kāyacikitsā )

General medicine
The clinical speciality of Ayurveda dealing with the entire physical body and mind. The term kaya indicates the capacity of the organism to digest and metabolize food.

कायचिकित्सा ( kāyacikitsā )

General medicine
One of the eight clinical branches of Ayurveda:it deals with the management of generalized systemic diseases.

कायच्छिद्रम् ( kāyacchidram )

Apertures of the body
The external and internal openings of the body.

कायसेकः ( kāyasekaḥ )

Controlled pouring of liquids over body
A procedure in which oil or any medicated liquid is poured in a stream all over the body.

कायाग्निः ( kāyāgniḥ )

Metabolic factors of the body
Factors responsible for digestion and metabolism or food transformation.

कारणद्रव्यम् ( kāraṇadravyam )

Causal material
A group of nine elementary causal substances that underlie the manifestation of all other substances, namely five basic elements (space, air, fire, water and earth), self (atma), mind (manas), time (kala) and direction (dik).

कारणम् ( kāraṇam )

Causative agent
The agent which initiates action independently; also denoted as cause (hetu) or doer (karma). It may be of three types: inherent cause (samavayikarana), non-inherent cause (asamavayi-karaṇa) and efficient cause (nimitta-karana).

कारणम् ( kāraṇam )

Principal agent
The means by which an action is effectuated, the idea expressed by instrumental cause: in the medical context may often refer to the physician, who is instrumental in maintaining fundamental bodily equilibrium.

कारम् ( kāram )

Water derived from hailstones
Water obtained by melting hailstones

कार्मुकबीजः ( kārmukabījaḥ )

Healthy sperm
Normal, healthy and effective spermatocytes.

कार्मुकबीजम् ( kārmuka-bījam )

Healthy sperm, ovum
Normal, healthy and potential sperm or ovum.

कार्यः ( kāryaḥ )

Treatment protocol
The process undertaken to attain health or the fundamental bodily equilibrium (dhatusamya), i.e. the treatment process.

कार्यद्रव्यम् ( kāryadravyam )

An applicable or effective substance that is a manifestation of the nine causal substances.

कार्यफलम् ( kāryaphalam )

Immediate outcome, primary endpoint
The aim of treatment: to bring mind, intellect, the sense organs and the body into equilibrium and attain a state of healthiness or happiness.

कार्ययोनिः ( kāryayoniḥ )

Substratum of treatment
The intimate cause of illness, i.e. a disturbance of the fundamental bodily equilibrium.

कालः ( kālaḥ )

Time
Time in general including the seasons, the point when something occurs (which may refer to diseases).

कालः ( kālaḥ )

Time as a continuum, one of the nine elementary causal substances (karanadravya).

कालजबलम् ( kālaja-balam )

Seasonal strength
Strength attained by virtue of a favourable season or age, i.e. winter season, youth.

कालजरोगः ( kālajarogaḥ )

Natural diseases of timely occurrence
Diseases and conditions that manifest in the body due to the natural effect of time and physiological changes such as hunger and thirst as well as the ageing process, e.g. greying of hair in old age.

कालप्रकर्षः ( kālaprakarṣaḥ )

Processing by retaining for long duration
A type of food processing which involves keeping food articles for long periods in order to obtain a beneficial modulation of their properties.

कालप्रतीक्षा ( kālapratīkṣā )

Waiting period for appropriate treatment time
Understanding the stage of the disease condition and waiting for the appropriate time to initiate treatment, e.g. incision of an abscess only after it begins to suppurate.

कालबलप्रवृत्तरोगः ( kālabalapravṛttarogaḥ )

Diseases caused by diurnal and seasonal variations
Diseases and conditions that manifest in the body due to abnormal climatic variations such as excessive rain, heat or cold, and include conditions such as heatstroke or frost bite.

कालबस्तिः ( kālabastiḥ )

Course of sixteen therapeutic enemas
A type of therapeutic enema based on a course of sixteen enemas which includes ten half-dose therapeutic ghee or oily enemas and six therapeutic decoction enemas, administered in a particular sequence.

कालमानः ( kālamānaḥ )

Measurements of time

कालमेहः/कृष्णमेहः ( kālamehaḥ/ kṛṣṇamehaḥ )

Polyuria disorder with urine resembling black ink
A disorder characterized by the passage of urine resembling black ink; profuse urination; elimination of urine which is hot in nature.

कालसम्प्राप्तिः ( kālasamprāptiḥ )

Time-specific pathogenesis
A pathogenesis subclassification based on the time of occurrence or aggravation of the disease or condition.

कालान्तरप्राणहरमर्म ( kālāntaraprāṇaharamarma )

Vulnerable location(s) leading to delayed death
Marma which if injured may lead to death within a period of thirty days.

कालिका ( kālikā )

Condition of fever, swelling due to improper piercing of child’s ear
A condition characterized by fever; burning sensation; swelling; pain.

कालिका ( Kālikā )

Vein located in the ear

काष्ठा ( kāṣṭhā )

Time equivalent to approximately 2.38 seconds
Time equal to 15 nimesha.

कासः ( kāsaḥ )

Cough

कासघ्नधूमपानम् ( kāsaghnadhūmapānam )

Medicated smoking with antitussive activity
The procedure of medicated smoking to relieve cough.

कासीसः ( kāsīsaḥ )

Ferrous sulfate
(FeSO4).7H2O. Duly processed kasisa is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations.

कांस्यम् ( kāṃsyam )

Bronze
An alloy of copper and tin. Duly processed kansya is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations.

किटिभः ( kiṭibhaḥ )

Skin disease with rough-surfaced, scar-like lesions
A skin disease characterized by bluish black-coloured lesions; rough to touch; rough/dry; itching sensation; blackish discoloration.

किट्टम् ( kiṭṭam )

Waste product
The by-products of either digestion or metabolism which are to be eliminated from the body.

किलाटम् ( kilāṭam )

Inspissated milk
The solid part of milk obtained through curdling.

कीटविषः ( kīṭaviṣaḥ )

Poisoning due to contact with an insect
Poisoning characterized by the formation of round protuberance; oedema; fever; itching; loss of taste.

कीलकः ( kīlakaḥ )

Obstructed fetal presentation with both hands, feet and head wedged upwards
Abnormal fetal presentation characterized by fetus seen presenting at vagina with both hands; feet and head wedged upwards; a category of compound fetal presentation. Ayurvedic literature describes this as obstructed fetal presentation resembling a wedge blocking the vagina.

कुकुटाण्डत्वक् ( kukkutandatvak )

Hen’s eggshell
Duly processed kukkutanda tvak is employed as a standalone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations.

कुकुन्दरः (मर्म) ( kukundaraḥ (marma) )

Vulnerable location(s) on either side of back near the ischial tuberosity
Two in number (one on each side) which when injured leads to paralysis and loss of sensation in the lower half of the body.

कुकू णकः ( kukūṇaka )

Ophthalmia neonatorum
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: swelling of the eyes; coppery redness of eyes; inability to see; pain in eyelids; stickiness of eyelids; rubbing of ears; rubbing of eyes; rubbing of nose; frontal headache; pain in eyes; irritation in nose; photophobia; difficulty in opening eyes.

कुकूलपाचनम् ( kukūlapācanam )

Cooking with steam
The process of cooking with the aid of steam.

कुञ्चनः ( kuñcanaḥ )

Constriction of eyelids

कुटकास्थि, श्रोणिकाण्डम्, श्रोणिकाण्डास्थि, मयूरास्थि ( kuṭakāsthi, śroṇīkāṇḍam, śroṇikāṇḍāsthi, mayūrāsthi )

Sacrum, sacrum and coccyx

कुटीप्रावेशिकरसयनम् ( kuṭīprāveśikarasāyanam )

Rejuvenation therapy withlimited exposure to wind and sunlight
A rejuvenation therapy in which the patient is kept indoors in a specially designed hut and follows a specific regimen.

कुटीस्वेदः ( kuṭīsvedaḥ )

Sweating induced by sitting in a heated hut or cottage
A type of sudation therapy in which diaphoresis is achieved by sitting in a specially designed cottage with a heat source outside the cottage.

कुठारिकाशस्त्रम् ( kuṭhārikāśastram )

Surgical blade resembling an axe or chisel
A sharp instrument used for bloodletting or excision.

कुडवः ( kuḍavaḥ )

Measure of weight approximately equal to 192 g
Measure of weight equal to 16 karsha or 2 prasriti.

कुण्डलम् ( kuṇḍalam )

Colon
The coiled or looped appearance of the intestinal folds.

कुनखः ( kunakhaḥ )

Paronychia
A disorder characterized by the rough appearance and texture of nails; blackish-coloured nails; dry nails.

कुमारतन्त्रम्/कौमारभृत्यम्/ बालतन्त्रम्/ बालचिकित्सा ( kumāratantram/ kaumārabhṛtyam/ bālatantram/ bālacikitsā )

Paediatrics
One of the eight branches of Ayurveda deals with the health of the child and the mother; covers pre-, peri- and postnatal care and general pediatric conditions.

कुमारागारम् ( kumārāgāram )

Nursery
A specially constructed abode for the child in accord to its seasonal needs, equipped with well-defined divisions between the water source, urinal, lavatory, bathroom and kitchen.

कुम्भकामला ( kumbhakāmalā )

Advanced stage of jaundice with painful, swollen joints
A disorder characterized by excessive swelling; breaking type of pain in small joints; yellowish black stools, generalized oedema, bloody face, eyes, blood mixed vomitus, urine, tremors, burning sensation, excess thirst. constipation, loss of consciousness, loss of digestive and metabolic capacity.

कुम्भिका ( kumbhikā )

Black boil resembling black plum in size on the penis
A disease of the penis characterized by a lesion resembling a jambu seed; rapidly spreading.

कुम्भीकः ( kumbhīkaḥ )

Capable of intercourse only after being sodomized by another person
An abnormal condition in which a man gets an erection and indulges in coitus only after receiving anal intercourse from another male.

कुम्भीका ( kumbhīkā )

Multiple styes
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: boils resembling kumbhīka seeds; enlarging even after puncture; black-coloured boils; multiple boils; situated inside eyelid; tense boils on lid margin; boils bursting on lid margin; discharging boils.

कुम्भीस्वेदः ( kumbhīsvedaḥ )

Sweating induced over a buried pot filled with decoctions
A type of sudation therapy in which diaphoresis is achieved by lying down on or sitting over a bed placed above a buried pot filled with a hot decoction or liquid.

कुल्माषः ( kulmāṣaḥ )

Type of gruel made from barley
A gruel made from barley flour soaked in hot water followed by boiling.

कुशपत्रशस्त्रम् ( kuśapatraśastram )

Long-pointed sharp knife
A long-pointed sharp knife (Paget’s knife) generally used for drainage.

कुष्ठः ( kuṣṭhaḥ )

Multiple dermatological diseases

कू पस्वेदः ( kūpasvedaḥ )

Sweating induced over a well
A type of sudation therapy in which diaphoresis is achieved by lying down on or sitting over a bed placed above a shallow well containing the embers of various substances.

कू र्चः ( kūrcaḥ )

Brush-shaped structures
Brush-shaped branching network of tissues, six in number.

कू र्चिका ( kūrcikā )

Solid part of milk boiled with buttermilk or curd
The solid portion obtained when milk is boiled with buttermilk or curd.

कू र्परः, कफोणिः, कुहणिका ( kūrparaḥ, kaphoṇiḥ, kuhaṇikā )

Elbow

कू र्परसन्धिः, बाहुसन्धिः ( kūrparasandhiḥ. bāhusandhiḥ )

Elbow joint

कू र्परास्थि ( Kūrparāsthi )

Olecranon process

कूटः ( kūṭaḥ )

Cavity

कूपीपाकः ( kūpīpākaḥ )

Processing by heating medicines in a glass flask or bottle

कूर्चः (मर्म) ( kūrcaḥ (marma)

Vulnerable location(s) near the wrist and ankle
Four in number (one in each limb) which when injured causes shivering and bending of the limb.

कूर्चशिरः (मर्म) ( kūrcaśiraḥ (marma) )

Vulnerable location(s) on the wrist and ankle
Four in number (one on each limb) which when injured leads to pain and swelling of the affected part.

कृकलासदष्टः ( kṛkalāsadaṣṭaḥ )

Reaction due to lizard bite
Poisoning characterized by brownish discoloration; blackish discoloration of body; variegated coloration; confusion/ delirium; altered bowels/loose motions.

कृकाटिका (मर्म) ( kṛkāṭikā (marma) )

Vulnerable location(s) at the junction of head and neck
Two in number (one on each side) which when injured leads to involuntary movements of head.

कृच्छ्रसाध्यरोगः ( kṛcchrasādhyarogaḥ )

Diseases that are difficult to treat or cure
Diseases and conditions that are curable with difficulty owing to various factors such as multiple etiological factors, depleted strength and functional imbalances.

कृतयूषः ( kṛtayūṣaḥ )

Processed soup of vegetables and / or pulses
A type of food preparation in which a soup of vegetables and/ or pulses is prepared by adding 16 parts water and processed with oil or ghee, and spices.

कृतरसः ( kṛtarasaḥ )

Processed meat soup
A meat soup processed with oil or ghee, and spices.

कृतान्नवर्गः ( kṛtānnavargaḥ )

Group of processed food items
A group of processed food items such as thin gruel of rice (peya), and boiled rice (odana).

कृत्रिमम् ( kṛtrimam )

Synthetic substances
Any artificial or synthesized substance.

कृत्रिमविषम्/संयोगजविषम् ( kṛtrimaviṣam/ saṁyogajaviṣam )

Artificial poison
A poison made artificially or a modified combination of various poisons.

कृमिकर्णकः ( kṛmikarṇakaḥ )

Maggots in ear
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: worm infestation; burning sensation in head; exudation of worms from ears; severe pain.

कृमिग्रन्थिः ( kṛmigranthiḥ )

Chronic blepharitis, pedicularis palpebrae
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: itching of the eyelids; itching of eyelashes; worms originating from the canthus; occurrence of different types of worms; vitiation of eyes; itching of lateral canthus; itching of medial canthus; burning sensation of lateral canthus; burning sensation of medial canthus; eyelashes sticking together; pus discharge; worm-infested swelling; painful swelling; itching of eyelid margins; damaging inner parts of eye.

कृमिज-शिरोरोगः ( kṛmija-śirorogaḥ )

Headache due to kṛmi (worm infestation)
Headache characterized by penetrating type of pain; cutting type of pain; pain/headache; itching; oedema; diseased gait; worm manifestation; foul smell from head; pricking pain in head; severe pricking type of pain in head; pain resembling insect sting; breaking pain from inside; pulsating sensation from inside; watery blood-stained rhinorrhoea; watery rhinorrhoea with pus; severe pain; mind-disturbing pain; fever; cough; loss of strength; dryness; burning sensation; pulsating sensation; putrid smell; itching in forehead; itching in palate; itching in head; dryness/wasting/emaciation; shutting eyes; coppery nasal crust; clear nasal crust; tinnitus.

कृमिजछर्दिः ( kṛmijachardiḥ )

Vomiting due to worm infestation

कृमिजहृद्रोगः ( kṛmijahṛdrogaḥ )

Heart disease due to infection or infestation
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: glandular swellings; increased moistness in heart; feeling as if the heart is pierced by needles; feeling as if the heart has been cut with a knife; itching; severe pain; severe form; nausea/provocation of dosha; spitting/excessive expectoration; pricking pain; colicky pain in abdomen; nausea; black-outs; loss of taste; dryness/wasting/emaciation; dark brown discoloration of eyes; feeling of entering into darkness; salivation of kapha; feeling as if the heart is constantly being sawed; severe distress; nausea/provocation of dosha; swelling/oedema.

कृमिदन्तकः ( kṛmidantakaḥ )

Dental caries
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: black cavities; loose tooth in socket; discharge from around tooth; dental inflammation; severe pain in teeth; pain appearing without cause; porous tooth filled with food debris; formation of small maggots; severe pain subsiding without treatment; blackish teeth; pus discharge from cut; bleeding from cut.

कृशरा ( kṛśarā )

Porridge
A food preparation made with rice, green gram, salt, ginger, and asafoetida in appropriate amounts and boiled until the rice becomes soft.

कृष्णकर्म (व्रणचिकित्सा) ( kṛṣṇakarma (vraṇacikitsā) )

Blackening, pigmentation- A therapeutic measure to induce pigmentation in scar tissue to inducing measures match the surrounding normal skin colour.

कृष्णतारका, तारका ( kṛṣṇa-tārakā, tārakā )

Iris

कृष्णदृष्टिसन्धिः ( kṛṣṇa-dṛṣṭi-sandhiḥ )

Pupillary margin

कृष्णमण्डलम् ( kṛṣṇa-maṇḍalam )

Comea and Iris
The part of the eyeball which is black or coloured (in contrast to the white sclera).

कॄ तनस्त: कर्मणो आस्थापनं ( kṝtanastah karmaṇo āsthāpanaṃ )

Condition caused by medicated decoction enema administered to person who has just taken errhine therapy
A condition characterized by obstruction of circulation channels leading to impairment of senses.

कॄ द्धभीत आस्थापनस्य व्यापदः ( kṝddhabhīta āsthāpanasya vyāpadaḥ )

Condition caused by medicated decoction enema administered to person who is angry or fearful

कॄ मिघ्नकर्म (व्रणचिकित्सा) ( kṝmighnakarma (vraṇacikitsā)

Disinfection and disinfestation for wound management
The therapeutic procedure of wound disinfection and disinfestation.

केदारीकुल्यन्यायः ( kedārīkulyānyāyaḥ )

Theory of serial distribution
A theory to explain the nourishment of fundamental structural components: it states that primary circulating nutrient fluid (primary product of digestion) is supplied to all seven structural components through channels for their nourishment, just as tributary canals subdivide and distribute irrigation water to every part of a paddy field.

केवलव्यतिरेकि-अनुमानम् ( kevalavyatirekianumānam )

Negative correlation
A type of inference in which perception is obtained by negative concomitance (erroneous congruence between two premises).

केवलान्वयि-अनुमानम् ( kevalānvayi-anumānam )

Positive correlation
A type of inference in which perception is obtained by positive concomitance (veridical congruence between two premises).

केशः, मस्तकबालः ( keśaḥ, mastakabālaḥ )

Scalp hair

केशभूमिः ( keśabhūmiḥ )

Scalp
The area of skin from which hairs develop.

केशरञ्जनम् ( keśarañjanam )

Hair colorant

केशवर्धनम् ( keśavardhanam )

Trichogenic
Substances promoting hair growth

केश्यम्, रोमसञ्जननम् ( keśyam, romasañjananam )

Substance beneficial to hair

कोठः ( koṭhaḥ )

Transient large circular A skin disease characterized by a reddish circular rash; skin eruptions multiple circular lesions or rashes; lesions associated with excessive itching. (A transient condition occurring due to improper administration of emesis therapy or forceful suppression of vomiting.

कोपनम् [वातकोपनम्, पित्तकोपनम्, कफकोपनम्] ( kōpanam [vātakōpanam, pittakōpanam, kaphakōpanam] )

Vitiating action
Substances with the ability to destabilize health by vitiating one or several doshas, i.e. vata-vitiating, pitta-vitiating and kapha-vitiating .

कोरसन्धिः ( korasandhiḥ )

Condyloid and hinge joint

कोशबन्धः ( kośabandhaḥ )

Finger bandage
A type of bandage used for thumb and fingers.

कोष्ठः ( koṣṭhaḥ )

Bowel habit
Depending on the predominant dosha, the bowel habit of an individual can be classified physiologically as normal bowel, soft bowel or costive bowel. The term koshta also denotes abdomen.

कोष्ठ-अभिघातः/भिन्नः ( koṣṭhaabhighātaḥ/ bhinnaḥ )

Injury of visceral organs
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: kośta which become filled with blood; fever; burning sensation; urethral bleeding; rectal bleeding; haematemesis/haemoptysis; epistaxis; syncope or swooning; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; thirst; abdominal distension; aversion to food; faecal retention; obstruction to passage of urine/retention; retention of vata/flatus; loss of perspiration; redness of eyes; metallic odour from the mouth; foul body smell; precordial/cardiac region pain; pain in sides of chest/flanks; fever.

कोष्ठगत-शल्यः ( koṣṭhagata-śalyaḥ )

Foreign body in the alimentary canal
A disorder due to presence of foreign body in the alimentary canal; characterized by borborygmi with distension; gurgling intestinal sounds/borborygmi; appearance of food at the wound opening; appearance of faeces at the wound opening; appearance of urine at the wound opening.

कोष्ठाङ्गम् ( koṣṭhāṅgam )

Viscera, splanchnic organs

कोष्ठाश्रितकामला ( koṣṭhāśritakāmalā )

Jaundice affecting predominantly the organs in the major inner cavity of the body
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: excessively yellow-coloured eyes; yellowcoloured skin; yellow-coloured nails; turmeric yellow discoloration of face; reddish faeces; reddish urine; yellowish faeces; body colour resembling a toad in colour; loss of sensory and motor organ functioning; burning sensations; indigestion; weakness; exhaustion; loss of taste; whitishness of face; extreme weakness of sensory organs; yellowish discoloration of urine; thirst;

कोष्ठाश्रितवातकोपः ( koṣṭhāśritavātakopaḥ )

Aggravation of vata in abdominal and thoracic cavity and organs in the cavity
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: haemorrhoids; palpable glandular enlargement in abdomen/abdominal lump; pain in sides of chest/flanks; inguinal swelling/herniation; retention of urine; retention of faeces; diseases of heart.

कौपम् ( kaupam )

Well water
Water obtained from wells.

कौबेरकायः ( kauberakāyaḥ )

Person with wealthy, The characteristics of the person with a wealthy, luxurious luxurious temperament temperament are impartiality, tolerance, ability to make money and amass wealth, and high fertility.

क्रियाकल्पः ( kriyākalpaḥ )

Topical ocular procedures
Therapeutic procedures in which topical procedures are applied to the eye.

क्रियाकालः/षट्क्रियाकालः ( kriyākālaḥ/ṣaṭkriyākālaḥ )

Stages of disease manifestation and management
A comprehensive term for the six prominent stages in disease management indicating the stepwise progression of its pathogenesis.

क्रूरकोष्ठः ( krūra-koṣṭhaḥ )

Costive bowel habit
A physiological type of bowel habit due to the dominance of vata.. The individual with this type of bowel habit either has hard bowel motions or needs to strain at stool.

क्रोधः ( krodhaḥ )

Anger
Also translated as fury, rage or wrath.

क्रोधः ( krodhaḥ )

Sweating induced by provoking anger
A type of sudation therapy in which diaphoresis is achieved by angering the person.

क्रोष्टुकशीर्षः ( kroṣṭukaśīrṣaḥ )

Synovitis of the knee with effusion
A disorder characterized by a large painful swelling in the knee-joint/swelling in knee which resembles a jackal head; severe pain in mid-knee.

क्लमः-वमनव्यापत् ( klamaḥ-vamanavyāpat )

Condition of severe mental fatigue due to faulty emetic therapy
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: mental fatigue associated with drowsiness and heaviness; weakness; bodily exhaustion or tiredness/ inability to perform physical activities.

क्लमबस्तिव्यापत् ( klamabastivyāpat )

Condition of mental fatigue due to faulty enema therapy
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: exhaustion without exertion; internal burning sensation; pain in precordium/cardiac region; confusion/ delirium; feeling of being wrapped/cramps; heaviness.

क्लमविरेचनव्यापत् ( klamavirecanavyāpat )

Condition of mental fatigue due to faulty purgative therapy
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: mental fatigue associated with drowsiness and heaviness; weakness; bodily exhaustion or tiredness/ inability to perform physical activities.

क्लिष्टवर्त्म ( kliṣṭavartma )

Palpebral type of spring catarrah
A disorder characterized by the eyelid becoming soft; mildly painful and copper-red in colour; mild pain; coppery discoloration; even; suddenly becoming blood-red.

क्लेदककफः ( kledaka-kaphaḥ )

Moistening kapha
Subtype of kapha seated in the stomach which helps to moisten and loosen food particles and thus aid digestion.

क्लैब्यम् ( klaibyam )

Erectile dysfunction, impotence
An inability to perform the sexual act due to erectile dysfunction.

क्लोम, तिलकम्, तिलम् ( kloma, tilakam, tilam )

Root organ of watercarrying conduits
Usually commensurate with the gallbladder, pancreas and right lung.

क्लोमनाडी ( klomanāḍī )

Trachea

क्वाथः, शृतः, निर्यूहः ( kvāthaḥ, śṛtaḥ, niryūhaḥ )

Decoction

क्षणम्/निमेषः ( kṣaṇam/nimeṣaḥ )

Time equivalent to approximately 0.16 second
The time taken to pronounce a short syllable or one blink of the eye.

क्षतगुदस्य विरेचनव्यापत् ( kṣatagudasya virecanavyāpat )

Condition caused by purgation therapy administered to person having anal injury
A condition characterized by distressing pain around the injured anus which may endanger life.

क्षतजकासः ( kṣatajakāsaḥ )

Cough due to internal injury
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: dry cough; sputum with blood; spitting yellowcoloured sputum; spitting brown-coloured sputum; dry cough; spitting thick sputum; spitting purulent sputum; spitting excessive sputum; pain in throat; pain in chest; severe needle-pricking type of pain; pain on touch; sharp pain; breaking type of pain; burning sensation; breaking type of pain in small joints; fever; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; thirst; changed voice; cooing like a pigeon;injured chest; with tremor; pain in sides of chest/flanks; gradual depletion of virility/semen; gradual loss of taste; gradual loss of capacity to digestion; gradual loss of physical strength; gradual loss of body lustre/complexion; blood-coloured urine; stiffness of back; stiffness of lower back.

क्षतजतृष्णा ( kṣatajatṛṣṇā )

Morbid thirst due to trauma
A disorder characterized by thirst which is not relieved despite frequent intake of water day and night.

क्षतजदाहः ( kṣatajadāhaḥ )

Generalized burning sensation due to injury
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: syncope or swooning; excessive talking/ irrelevant speech/incoherent speech; thirst; severe internal symptoms of burning.

क्षतजविसर्पः ( kṣatajavisarpaḥ )

Erysipelas, spreading cellulitis due to trauma
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: grey-coloured oedema; red-coloured oedema; fever; burning sensation; inflammation/suppuration; vesicles resembling horse gram seeds; blackish eruptions; pain.

क्षतेषु वमनस्य व्यापदः ( kṣateṣu vamanasya vyāpadaḥ )

Condition caused by emetic therapy administered to person suffering from trauma
A condition characterized by excessive haemoptysis due to aggravated injury.

क्षमा ( kṣamā )

Patience
A normal function of kapha. It signifies forbearance, forgiveness and resistance.

क्षयजकासः ( kṣayajakāsaḥ )

Cough due to diminution of bodily tissues
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: emaciation; spitting sputum with bad smell like raw meat; spitting sputum with green colour and blood; spitting sputum with pus/putrid sputum; spitting sputum with yellow colour; feeling as if heart is displaced from its site due to coughing; afflicted with sudden heat/coldness; sudden desire for heat/coldness; person with polyphagia; loss of physical strength or weakness; emaciated/thin/malnourished; unctuous clear face/unctuous charming face; pleasant; charming eyes; glossiness of palms; glossiness of soles; always displeased; abusing others; fever; dvandvaja type of jvara; pain in sides of chest/flanks; cold catarrh; loss of taste; passage of unformed. faeces; compact/formed stools; altered voice without any reason; body pain; burning sensation; confusion/delirium; attains death; depletion/wasting of muscle; depletion of blood with pus; breaking/pain in flanks; feels as if heart is displaced from its site due to coughing; loss of physical strength or weakness.

क्षयजराजयक्ष्मा ( kṣayajarājayakṣmā )

Consumption due to depletion of body elements
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: joint dislocation/laxity; dryness; cold catarrh; fever; cough; generalized body aches; headache; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; altered stools/loose motions; loss of taste; pain in sides of chest/flanks; diminution of voice/loss of voice; burning sensation in the shoulders/ scapular region; weakness; depletion/drying up of muscle and blood; crushing type of pain in shoulders; delayed digestion/ indigestion; altered voice; traumatic chest/pulmonary trauma; haemoptysis.

क्षयजस्वरभेदः ( kṣayajasvarabhedaḥ )

Hoarse voice, altered voice due to diminution of structural components.
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs voice due to diminution and symptoms: a smoky voice; obstructed/suffocated voice; of structural rubbing/scraping of throat.

क्षवथुः ( kṣavathuḥ )

Sneezing
A disorder characterized by kapha repeatedly and noisily being expelled from the nose; vayu and kapha being forcefully and noisily expelled from nose.

क्षवथुनिग्रहज-उदावर्तः ( kṣavathunigrahaja-udāvartaḥ )

Disorders of reversed or altered visceral movement due to suppression of sneezing
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: severe head disorders; severe eye disorders; severe nose disorders; severe ear disorders; feeling of fullness in throat; feeling of fullness in mouth; severe pricking pain in throat; severe pain in mouth; inarticulate speech; cessation of passage of vata; torticollis/stiffness of neck; headache; facial paralysis; hemicranial headache; impairment of sense organs.

क्षवथुवेगरोधः ( kṣavathuvegarodhaḥ )

Disorder due to withholding of sneezing
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: torticollis/stiffness of neck; headache; facial paralysis; hemicranial headache; impairment of sense organs; diseases of head; diseases of eyes; diseases of nose; diseases of ear; feeling of fullness in throat; feeling of fullness in mouth; severe pricking pain in throat; severe pricking pain in mouth; pigeon-like voice; difficulty in breathing; headache; impairment of sense organs; torticollis/stiffness of neck; facial paralysis.

क्षारः ( kṣāraḥ )

Alkali
Group of alkaline substances used in medicinal preparations.

क्षार-अतिदग्धः ( kṣāra-atidagdhaḥ )

Condition due to excessive cauterization or burns due to application of alkali substance
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: burning sensation; redness/congestion; inflammation/suppuration; discharge; generalized body aches; exhaustion without exertion; thirst; syncope or swooning; death; burning sensation with sweating and restlessness; swelling/proctitis; fever; spreading cellulitis/erysipelas; diseases of head; bleeding.

क्षार-अतिदग्धगुदः ( kṣāra-atidagdhagudaḥ )

Condition due to excessive burns to the anus due to application of alkali substance
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: obstruction of faeces; obstruction to passage of urine; diarrhoea; impotence/loss of sexual vigour; death on fissuring/tearing of anus; swelling at anus; pricking type of pain; proctalgia; anal discharge; absent urge to defecate; inability to hold urine; excessive defecation; frequent micturition.

क्षार-अतिदग्धनासा ( kṣāra-atidagdhanāsā )

Condition due to excessive burns to the nose due to application of alkali substance
A condition characterized by destruction of nasal cartilage; constriction of nasal cartilage; loss of sense of smell.

क्षार-अतिदग्धनेत्रम् ( kṣāra-atidagdhanetram )

Condition due to excessive burns to the eye due to application of alkali substance
A condition characterized by disruption of the sensory function of the eye due to puncture of eyelids; impaired vision.

क्षार-अतिदग्धश्रोत्रम् ( kṣāra-atidagdhaśrotram )

Condition due to excessive burns to the ear due to application of alkali substance
A condition characterized by loss of hearing.

क्षार-हीनदग्धः /दुर्दग्धः ( kṣāra-hīnadagdhaḥ / durdagdhaḥ )

Condition due to inadequate application of alkali substance
A condition characterized by pricking pain; itching; dullness/ frigidity/inactivity; increase in disease characteristics; coppery discoloration.

क्षारकर्म ( kṣārakarma )

Caustic therapy
A therapeutic measure in which caustic material is applied to tissue.

क्षारकर्म (व्रणचिकित्सा) ( kṣārakarma (vraṇacikitsā) )

Application of caustics for wound management
A procedure for applying medications with caustic properties.

क्षारकर्म-अपचारः ( kṣārakarma-apacāraḥ )

Condition due to improper application of alkali substance

क्षारपान-अतियोगः ( kṣārapāna-atiyogaḥ )

Condition due to excessive internal usage of alkali solution
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: hair loss; impairment of vision; affliction of heart; impotence/loss of sexual vigour; blindness; impotence; baldness; greying of hair; cutting type of pain in cardiac region.

क्षारपायना ( kṣārapāyanā )

Tempering of sharp surgical instruments with alkalis
The tempering of surgical instruments in caustic liquids.

क्षारमेहः ( kṣāramehaḥ )

Polyuria disorder with urine resembling alkaline water
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: urine resembling alkaline liquid by odour, colour, taste and touch.

क्षारविभ्रमः ( kṣāravibhramaḥ )

Condition due to improper application of alkali substance

क्षारसूत्रः ( kṣārasūtraḥ )

Caustic thread
A medicated seton prepared with caustic medicines.

क्षिप्रम् (मर्म) ( kṣipram (marma) )

Vulnerable location(s) in first interdigital web-space of upper and lower limbs
Four in number (one in each limb) which when injured leads to convulsions and death.

क्षिप्रशुक्रमोचनम्/ शीघ्रशुक्रमुञ्चनम् ( kṣipraśukramocanam/ śīghraśukramuñcanam )

Premature ejaculation
An abnormal condition in the male in which ejaculation occurs before the normal time.

क्षीणशुक्रम् ( kṣīṇaśukram )

Decreased semen
Abnormal decrease in the amount of seminal fluid or decreased sperm count.

क्षीणातिस्थूलकृशबालवॄद्धदुर्बलानामौषधबलासहत्वात् ( kṣīṇātisthūlakṛśabālavṝddhadurbalānāmauṣadhabalāsahatvāt )

Condition caused by emetic therapy administered to person with consumption
A condition characterized by life-endangering reactions in a person unable to tolerate drugs used in emetic therapy.

क्षीर-विषः ( kṣīra-viṣaḥ )

Poisonous latexes
Poisoning characterized by frothing from mouth; altered stools/loose motions; heaviness of tongue.

क्षीरदधिन्यायः ( kṣīradadhinyāyaḥ )

Theory of sequential transformation
A theory to explain the process of nourishment of fundamental structural components: it states that the seven structural components are sequentially transformed from primary circulating nutrient fluid (primary product of digestion) to semen just as milk is transformed into curd and then butter and ghee.

क्षीरधूम ( kṣīradhūma )

Milk vapour fomentation
Steam from milk used for fomentation.

क्षीरम्/पयः/दुग्धम् ( kṣīram/payaḥ/dugdham )

Milk
Generally, denotes cow milk

क्षीरवर्गः ( kṣīravargaḥ )

Group of milks

क्षीरादः/दुग्धाशी ( kṣīrāda/ dugdhāśī )

Child on breast milk alone
An infant depending only on breast milk for its nourishment.

क्षीरान्नादः/दुग्धान्नाशी ( kṣīrānnādaḥ/ dugdhānnāśī )

Child on both breast milk and solid food
A child consuming both milk and solid food for its nourishment.

क्षीराष्टकम् ( kṣīrāṣṭakam )

Group of eight types of milk obtained from different sources
Milk of cow, buffalo, sheep, goat, horse, elephant, camel and humans.

क्षुद्-वेगरोधः ( kṣud-vegarodhaḥ )

Disorder due to suppression of hunger
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: emaciation; weakness; discoloration; generalized body aches; loss of taste; giddiness or dizziness; drowsiness/lassitude; diminished vision; breaking type of pain in body; fatigued mind and body; pain.

क्षुद्ररोगः ( kṣudrarogaḥ )

Group of disorders in which dosha pathogenesis has a single definitive diagnostic outcome
Miscellaneous group of morbid conditions ranging from very fatal conditions such as agnirōhiṇī and valmīka to conditions occurring in children such as ajagallikā and ahipūtanā These conditions have a specific, consolidated description of presenting signs and symptoms and minimum details in respect of etiology, subtypes, etc., compared with major disorders such as jvara, prameha and kuṣṭa.

क्षुद्रश्वासः ( kṣudraśvāsaḥ )

Mild dyspnoea
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: not very troublesome breathing; not harmful for the body; not distressing; not hampering intake of food or liquids; not painful for sense organs; not causing emergencies. Accumulation of pitta

क्षुद्रान्त्रम् ( kṣudrāntram )

Small intestine

क्षुद्रान्त्रावयवः ( kṣudrāntrāvayavaḥ )

Small intestinal loops

क्षुद्राहिक्का ( kṣudrāhikkā )

Mild or insignificant hiccups
A disorder characterized by hiccups increasing with exertion and decreasing after food intake; long interval; feeble bouts at long intervals; starting from jatrumūla and ending at jatrumūla.

क्षुधा ( kṣudhā )

Hunger

क्षुधा ( kṣudhā )

Sweating induced by hunger
A type of sudation therapy in which diaphoresis is achieved by not attending to hunger pangs.

क्षुधा ( kṣudhā )

Therapeutic sustained hunger
The process of keeping a person hungry as a therapeutic measure.

क्षुधार्तस्य नस्य व्यापदः ( kṣudhārtasya nasya vyāpadaḥ )

Condition due to inhalation therapy administered to person who is hungry
A condition characterized by clinical features of vāta prakopa.

क्षुन्निरोधज-उदावर्तः ( kṣunnirodhaja-udāvartaḥ )

Disorders of reversed or altered visceral movement due to suppression of hunger
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: drowsiness/lassitude; generalized body aches; loss of taste; dizziness/confusion; diminished vision; exhaustion/fatigue.

क्षौद्रम् ( kṣaudram )

Honey from small bees
A variety of brownish-coloured honey produced by small types of honeybee.

क्षौद्रसर्पि: (व्रणचिकित्सा) ( kṣaudrasarpi (vraṇacikitsā) )

Application of honey and ghee for wound management
Therapeutic application of honey and ghee to a fresh wound.

खञ्जः ( khañjaḥ )

Lameness

खटिका ( khaṭikā )

Chalk
Pipe clay: a form of limestone composed of mineral calcite or calcium carbonate. Duly processed khatika is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations.

खट्वाबन्धः ( khaṭvābandhaḥ )

Four-tailed bandage
A type of bandage used to immobilize regions such as the mandible, temple, and cheeks.

खडः ( khaḍaḥ )

Beverage prepared from fruit
A type of beverage prepared from sour fruits such as jujube (Ziziphus jujube Mill.).

खनिजः ( khanijaḥ )

Mineral substances
An inorganic substance naturally occurring in the earth which has a consistent and distinctive set of physical properties and composition; a mineral.

खरः ( kharaḥ )

Roughness
The quality of a substance which is responsible for roughness.

खलेकपोतन्यायः ( khalekapotanyāyaḥ )

Theory of selective uptake
A theory to explain the process of nourishment of fundamental structural components: it states that each structural component selectively absorbs its specific nutrients just as a pigeon picks grains from a granary according to its need.

खल्ली ( khallī )

Twisting pain in upper and lower limbs
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: cramp in feet; cramp in calf; cramp in thigh; cramp in wrist; cramp in hand.

खल्वयन्त्रम् ( khalvayantram )

Mortar and pestle

खादितम् ( khāditam )

Hard eatables
Solid food items which are hard and need to be broken up with the teeth before being swallowed.

खारिः ( khāriḥ )

Measure of weight approximately equal to 196 kg and 608 g
Measure of weight equal to 16384 karsha or 4 droni.

खुडकः ,खुलकः ( khuḍakaḥ, khulakaḥ )

Ankle joint

गजपुटः ( gajapuṭaḥ )

Traditional oven using 1000 cow-dung cakes
A traditional oven using 1000 cow-dung cakes to produce heat for the calcination or incineration (bhasma) of mica, zinc and iron.

गण्डकर्णः ( gaṇḍakarṇaḥ )

Lobuloplasty type 5
A type of lobuloplasty indicated when the outer flap of the divided earlobe is long, and the inner flap is almost negligible.

गण्डमाला ( gaṇḍamālā )

Scrofula (cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis)
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: flesh-coloured nodular swellings on the neck which are hard; unctuous; brinjal-shaped; deep; some undergoing ripening and causing mild pain; some exuding fluid and causing severe itching; some disappearing; some reappearing; chronic in nature; glands resembling Zizyphus jujuba fruit (aproximately 2.5 to 6 cm), Piper chaba fruit (up to 7 cm) and Embelica officinalis fruit (2 to 2.5 cm). The closest diagnosis is tuberculous lymphadenitis.

गण्डू षः ( gaṇḍūṣaḥ )

Retention of medications in oral cavity
Full mouth retention of liquid medications for a specific time.

गतिः ( gatiḥ )

Gait

गन्धः ( gandhaḥ )

Smell
Trait of earth element.

गन्धकः ( gandhakaḥ )

Sulfur
Duly processed gandhakam is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbomineral pharmaceutical formulations.

गन्धनामा/गन्धमाला ( gandhanāmā/ gandhamālā )

Painful black vesicles on flanks and limbs
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a lesion resembling a vesicle; single vesicular lesion in upper arm; single vesicular lesion in shoulder region; single vesicular lesion in flanks; single vesicular lesion in axillary region; large vesicular swelling; vesicle/lesion resembling parched paddy. A subtype of kaksha disorder.

गन्धर्वकायः ( gandharvakāyaḥ )

Person with artistic, The characteristics of the person with an artistic, celebrating celebrating temperament temperament are a liking for pleasant smells, a liking for garlands, a passion for dancing and music and a fondness of roaming.

गन्धर्वोन्मादः ( gandharvonmādaḥ )

Psychosis making a person behave like an artiste
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a fondness for musical instruments; liking dancing; liking singing; liking various foods; liking drinking; liking bathing; liking flowers; liking holy fumes; liking perfumes; person who likes red-coloured clothes; person who likes religious sacrificing procedure; liking comic stories; spiritual; liking holy fragrances; happy soul; visiting riverside; well-mannered; overfondness for music; liking fragrance; smiling; using good beautiful words; fewer words; visiting forests/gardens.

गन्धवहाधमनी ( gandhavahādhamanī )

Artery related to perception of smell

गम्भीर-वातरक्तम् ( gambhīra-vātaraktam )

Deep-rooted polyarthiris due to vitiated vata and blood
Multiple joint pains; swelling; stiffness; hardness; sudden onset of pain; bluish-black colour; copper colour; burning sensation; pricking pain; pulsating sensation; inflammation/ suppuration; internal burning sensation; lameness; limping of both leg; deformities.

गम्भीरा-दृष्टिः ( gambhīrā-dṛṣṭiḥ )

Phthisis bulbi endophthalmitis
A disorder characterized by deformed eyes; eyes shrunk inwards; intense pain; constriction of ocular vessels.

गम्भीराहिक्का ( gambhīrāhikkā )

Hiccup; arising from depth of stomach
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: stiffness; pain in flanks; hiccups starting from umbilicus or large intestine/rectum; intense agitation of body; bending/flexion of body; obstruction on inhalation; diminution of mānasa bala/loss of consciousness; hiccups originating from the umbilical region; having high sound; dryness of lips; dryness of throat; dryness of tongue; dryness of mouth; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; pain in sides of chest/ flanks; yawning; stretching of body.

गरविषः ( garaviṣaḥ )

Poisoning due to two or more ingredients in combination
Poisoning characterized by pallor; emaciation; insufficient digestive power/capacity; discomfort in vital organs; affliction of marma; swelling in hands; pedal oedema; abdominal enlargement; diseases due to malfunctioning grahaṇi; phthisis; palpable glandular enlargement in abdomen/ abdominal lump; wasting; fever; oedema; insanity; haemorrhoids.

गरविषम् ( garaviṣam )

Mixture of poisons and nonpoisonous substances
A poison formed by the combination of two or more poisonous and nonpoisonous substances.

गर्दभिका ( gardabhikā )

Circular bloodfilled eruption
A disorder characterized by a main lesion surrounded by many small reddish lesions; rounded eruptions; rounded lesions; raised lesions; lesions associated with severe pain; abundant papular lesions.

गर्भः ( garbhaḥ )

Fetus or embryo

गर्भकोषः, गर्भकोष्ठः ( garbhakoṣaḥ, garbhakoṣṭhaḥ )

Uterine cavity

गर्भच्छिद्रम्, गर्भाशयद्वारम्, योनिमुखम् ( garbhacchidram, garbhāśayadvāram, yonimukham )

Cervical os, opening of the uterine cervix

गर्भपातः ( garbhapātaḥ )

Fetal expulsion in fifth or sixth month of pregnancy
Miscarriage of a formed fetus in the fifth month of pregnancy; in the sixth month of pregnancy.

गर्भवृद्धिः ( garbhavṛddhiḥ )

Foetal growth and development
The characteristics of this state are enlargement of the abdomen; perspiration in the pregnant woman.

गर्भस्थापनम्, प्रजास्थापनम् ( garbhasthāpanam, prajāsthāpanam )

Substance sustaining and preserving pregnancy
In general, this term also covers lifestyle and therapeutic measures that create the conditions favourable for preserving pregnancy.

गर्भस्रावः ( garbhasrāvaḥ )

Fetal expulsion before fourth month of pregnancy
Miscarriage of a fetus before completing the fourth month of pregnancy.

गर्भावस्था / व्यक्तगर्भः ( garbhavastha/ vyakta-garbhaḥ )

Pregnant state, visible signs of pregnancy.
The characteristics of this state are cessation of menstruation; excessive salivation; disinclination for food; vomiting; tastelessness; desire for sour tastes; seeking attention by speaking in a loud voice; heaviness of limbs; eye fatigue; milk droplets in breasts; darkening of lips; darkening of breast areola and nipple; severe pedal oedema; appearance of striate on abdomen; dilatation of yoni; approximation of eyelashes; aversion to pleasant smells; excessive salivation and tiredness.

गर्भाशयः, गर्भशय्या, फलयोनिः ( garbhāśayaḥ, garbhaśayyā, phalayoniḥ )

Uterus

गर्भिण्या नस्य व्यापदः ( garbhiṇyā nasya vyāpadaḥ )

Condition due to inhalation therapy administered to a pregnant woman
A condition characterized by arrested fetal growth; blindness in one eye; deformity of upper limbs or kyphosis; hemiplegic; deformity of lower limbs.

गर्भोदकवमन ( garbhodakavamana )

Stomach wash
A procedure for inducing mild emesis in the newbornin order to expel collected amniotic fluid from the throat and stomach.

गलः ( galaḥ )

Oropharynx, throat

गलगण्डः ( galagaṇḍaḥ )

Goitre
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: swelling of anterior side of the neck; single swelling; swelling demonstrating symptoms of vata and kapha; localized swelling; growing in size with time; swelling hangs like a scrotum in the neck; big or small swelling in the neck; excessive pain.

गलग्रहः ( galagrahaḥ )

Obstructive Disorders of the throat
A disorder characterized by suddenly generating a stable oedema in the pharyngeal region such as pharyngitis.

गलबाह्यम् ( galabāhyam )

External part of the neck

गलमार्गः ( galamārgaḥ )

Throat passage

गलविद्रधिः ( galavidradhiḥ )

Throat abscess
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a swelling covering a whole part of throat; all kinds of pain; symptoms similar to tridośaja vidradhi; rapid onset and suppuration; putrid-looking discharge; discharge resembling pus.

गलशुण्डिका (कण्ठशुण्डी) ( galaśuṇḍikā (kaṇṭhaśuṇḍī) )

Uvulitis or elongated uvula
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: rapid onset of a swelling in kākala; large swelling about the size of distended bladder; elongated swelling about the size of distended bladder; large oedema at the base of soft palate; elongated oedema at the base of soft palate; thirst; cough; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; fish- or bladder-shaped oedema at the base of soft palate; soft oedema; elongated swelling; slimy swelling; expulsion of ingested food through nose; choking sensation of throat/ obstruction of throat; vomiting.

गलसन्धिः ( galasandhiḥ )

Isthmus of the throat

गलौघः ( galaughaḥ )

Acute inflammation of hypopharyngeal region
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: severe obstruction of food and water; severe swelling; hook-like swelling outside throat; hook-like swelling inside throat; heaviness of head; drowsiness/lassitude; salivation; hyperpyrexia; restricted movement of vāta.

गविनी ( gavinī )

Ureter

गाङ्गजलम् ( gāṅgajalam )

Uncontaminated water
A type of water which is not contaminated with dust, soot, toxic gases or other environmental impurities.

गाढबन्धन-व्रणः ( gāḍhabandhana-vraṇaḥ )

Condition due to tightly packed or bandaged wound
A condition characterized characterized by oedema; pain; rubbing of wound margins.

गात्रग्रहः-वमनव्यापत् ( gātragrahaḥvamanavyāpat )

Condition of stiffness of body due to faulty emetic therapy

गात्रग्रहविरेचनव्यापत् ( gātragrahavirecanavyāpat )

Condition of stiffness of A condition characterized by some or all the following signs body due to faulty and symptoms: rigidity/stiffness; shivering/tremors; pricking purgative therapy type of pain; bodily exhaustion or tiredness; spasm; churning type of pain.

गात्रपञ्चकम् ( gātrapañcakam )

Five prominences in the developing fetus

गार्भिण्याम वमनस्य व्यपदः ( gārbhiṇyāma vamanasya vyapadaḥ )

Condition caused by emetic therapy administered to pregnant woman

गिरिसिन्दूरः ( girisindūraḥ )

Red oxide of mercury
Duly processed girisindhura is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbomineral pharmaceutical formulations.

गिलायुः ( gilāyuḥ )

Swelling in throat (chronic tonsillitis)
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: amalaka-sized swellings in the throat; fixed swellings; swellings with mild pain; single muscular projection in throat; numerous muscular projections in throat; difficulty in breathing; difficulty in swallowing; broad-based; severely painful swelling.

गुञ्जा (बीज) ( Guñjā (bīja) )

Jequirity bean seed
Seed of Abrus precatorius L. Often employed as a unit of weight.

गुञ्जा, रत्ती ( Guñjā, rattī )

Measure of weight approximately equal to 125 mg
Measure of weight equal to one fruit of the jequirity bean

गुटिकाञ्जनम् ( guṭikāñjanam )

Collyrium in form of pill
A type of collyrium made in the form of a pill but applied like a collyrium.

गुणः ( guṇaḥ )

Property, quality or attribute
Property, quality or attribute

गुणः ( guṇaḥ )

Property, quality or trait
Attribute, property or quality of a substance; it forms an inseparable entity with substance (dravya); quality is devoid of any action on its own, although it is responsible for action through dravya.

गुण-विशेषः ( guṇa-viśeṣaḥ )

Dissimilarity at the level of quality
Qualities with opposing actions which result in one of them being depleted, e.g. the pacification of vata with usage of sesame oil owing to its opposite qualities.

गुण-सामान्यम् ( guṇa-sāmānyam )

Similarity at the level of qualities or properties
Quality exists in substance. This term denotes the similarity in quality exhibited by different substances, e.g. semen and milk.

गुदपार्श्वक्षेत्रम् ( gudapārśvakṣetram )

Ischiorectal fossa

गुदभ्रंशः ( gudabhraṃśaḥ )

Rectal prolapse
A disorder characterized by protrusion of the rectum outside the body.

गुदमण्डलम् ( gudamaṇḍalam )

Anal margin

गुदमुखम् ( gudamukham )

Anal orifice

गुदम्, पायुः, ब्रध्नः, महत्स्रोतः, शकृन्मार्गः ( gudam, pāyuḥ,bradhnaḥ,mahatsrotaḥ, śakṛnmārgaḥ )

Anus

गुदवलिः, वलिः, पायुवलिः ( gudavaliḥ, valiḥ, pāyuvaliḥ )

Folds of rectum

गुदस्थितवातः ( gudasthitavātaḥ )

Aggravation of vata in rectum
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: retention of faeces; obstruction to passage of urine/retention; retention of flatus; sharp pain in anus; abdominal distension; urolithiasis; multiple gravely particles in urine; pain in calf muscles; wasting of calf region; pain in thighs; wasting of thighs; pain in sacroiliac region of back; wasting of sacroiliac region of back; pain in legs/feet; wasting of legs; pain in back; wasting of back.

गुदान्त्रम् ( gudāntram )

Anal canal

गुदास्थि ( gudāsthi )

Coccyx

गुदास्थिविवरम् ( gudāsthivivaram )

Pelvic cavity

गुदौष्ठम् ( gudauṣṭham )

Anal verge

गुरुः ( guruḥ )

Heaviness
The quality of a substance which is responsible for nourishment.

गुरुप्रावरणम् ( guruprāvaraṇam )

Sweating induced by wearing heavy clothes
A type of sudation therapy in which diaphoresis is achieved by putting on thick clothes.

गुल्फः, घुटिका, , घुण्टिका ( gulphaḥ, ghuṭikā, ghuṇṭikā )

Ankle

गुल्फकर्णः ( gulphakarṇaḥ )

Medial and lateral malleoli

गुल्फसन्धिः, खुडः ( gulphasandhiḥ, khuḍaḥ )

Ankle joint

गुल्म ( gulma )

Shrub
A small, nonclimbing plant, e.g. Abutilon indicum (atibala) or Desmodium gangeticum (shaliparni).

गुल्मः ( gulmaḥ )

Lumps or growths (stable or transitory) in abdomen
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: being confined to mahāsrotasa; obstructing upper and lower orifices; colicky pain in abdomen; glandular swelling on palpation; glandular swelling between cardiac and bladder regions; glandular swelling which is mobile; glandular swelling which is fixed; glandular swelling increasing and decreasing in size; circular glandular swelling; sharp pierceing type of pain; severe pain; difficulty in breathing; rigidity/stiffness.

गुह्यप्रदेशः ( guhyapradeśaḥ )

Perineal region

गुह्यम् ( guhyam )

Genitals

गृध्रसी ( gṛdhrasī )

Sciatica
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: gradual stiffness of gluteal region; lower and upper back; thigh; knee; calf muscles and feet; constant/ frequent throbbing/twitching sensation; to-and-fro movements/ stretching of thigh; suppression/holding down of thighs.

गृहगोधिकादष्टः ( gṛhagodhikādaṣṭaḥ )

Reaction due to contact with household lizard
Poisoning characterized by burning sensation; pricking pain; perspiration; oedema.

गैरिकम् ( gairikam )

Red ochre
Iron (III) oxide (Fe2O3). Duly processed gairikam is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations.

गोदन्ती ( gōdantī )

Gypsum
Calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4 .2H2O). Duly processed godanti is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations.

गोफणाबन्धः ( gophaṇābandhaḥ )

T- bandage
A type of bandage used in regions such as the chin, nose, lips, shoulder and pelvis.

गोफणिका ( gophaṇikā )

Blanket, reinforcing suture
A suture which resembles the stitching on the edge of a blanket.

गोमेदकम् ( gomedakam )

Zircon or hessonite
Duly processed gomedakam is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbomineral pharmaceutical formulations.

गोरसवर्गः ( gorasavargaḥ )

Group of milk and milk products
The group of milk and milk products such as milk, curd, buttermilk, butter, and ghee obtained from various animals such as cows, buffaloes and goats.

गौरीपाषाणम् ( gaurīpāṣāṇam )

White arsenic
Arsenic trioxide (As2O3). Duly processed gauripashanam is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations.

गौर्यः सिराः ( gauryaḥsirāḥ )

Lymphatic vessels

ग्रथितः ( grathitaḥ )

Knot-like formations on the penis
A disease of the penis characterized by knotty piḍaka; filled with barley awn.

ग्रन्थिः ( granthiḥ )

Nodular swelling, cyst
A disorder characterized by raised swelling; knotted swelling; rounded swelling.

ग्रन्थिविसर्पः/ वातकफजविसर्पः ( granthivisarpaḥ/ vātakaphajavisarpaḥ )

Erysipelas, spreading cellulitis due to vitiated vata and kapha
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a series of slowly ripening nodules in a kapha-dominant region; a series of associated nodules in a region with vessels; muscles or skin; severe pain; large/small neoplasm or growth; elongated/round neoplasm or growth; red-coloured neoplasm or growth; fever; diarrhoea; cough; hiccup; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; dryness/ wasting/emaciation; confusion/delirium; discoloration; loss of taste; indigestion; excessive salivation; vomiting; syncope or swooning; breaking type of pain in body; sleep; distress/ discontent/restlessness; diminution of agni; rough nodules; giddiness or dizziness.

ग्रहचिकित्सा, भूतविद्या ( grahacikitsā, bhūtavidyā. )

Psychiatry
The clinical speciality of Ayurveda dealing with the treatment of mental disorders.

ग्रहणी, ज्योतिस्थानम्, अग्न्याधिष्ठानम्, अग्निस्थानम् ( grahaṇī, jyotisthānam, agnyadhiṣṭhānam, agnisthānam )

The site at which consumed food is held until digestion
That part of the intestine where semi digested food is retained until completely digested. It is the main functional area of digestive fire.

ग्रहणीरोग ( grahaṇīroga )

Chronic diarrhoea with malabsorption of nutrients
Malabsorption develops in persons who have been treated for diarrhoea but still have poor digestion; as well as in those with poor digestion who indulge in unsuitable foods and activities. Due to provoked dosha, the grahani becomes affected and impairs agni functions. It is characterized by undigested food matter within stools/faeces with āma/unformed stools (vimuñcati āma-mala-pravr̥ttiḥ/bhuktamāmaṁ vimuṁcation); expulsion of digested food; painful defecation; faeces with foul odour; formed stools interspersed with loose stools; faeces mixed with āma; faeces mixed with food; faeces mixed with undigested food; sudden well-formed hard stools; sudden onset of loose stools; longstanding pedal oedema; oedema on hands; emaciated/thin/malnourished person; pain in small joints; greediness; thirst; vomiting; fever; loss of taste; burning sensation; acidic eructation; bitter belchings/ eructations; sour belching/eructation; eructation with metallic smell; eructation with smoky smell; eructation with smell of raw meat; excessive salivation; dysgeusia/tastelessness; black-outs and loss of taste.

ग्रासान्तरम्, कवलान्तरम् ( grāsāntaram, kavalāntaram )

Administration of medicine between successive morsels of food

ग्राही ( grāhī )

Absorptive action
A drug which has appetizing and digestive qualities as well as an absorbent action due to its hot quality.

ग्रीवा ( grīvā )

Neck

ग्रीवा-अधःसन्धिः, जत्रुसन्धिः, अक्षकसन्धिः ( grīvā-adhaḥsandhiḥ, jatrusandhiḥ, akṣakasandhiḥ )

Sterno-clavicular joint

ग्रीवामूलम् ( grīvāmūlam )

Suprasternal notch

ग्रीवावंशः ( grīvāvaṃśaḥ )

Cervical part of vertebral column

घटियन्त्रावचरणम् ( ghaṭiyantrāvacaraṇam )

Bloodletting using a pot
Bloodletting using a specialized instrument resembling a pot.

घटी/नाडिका ( ghaṭī/nāḍikā )

Time equivalent to approximately 24 minutes
Time equal to 20 kala and 3 kashtha.

घनः ( ghanaḥ )

Water-soluble concentrate (solid)

घनवटी ( ghanavaṭī )

Tablet made from water soluble solid extract

घनसत्त्वम् ( ghanasattvam )

Water-soluble solid extract

घृतमूर्छनम् ( ghṛtamūrcchanam )

Pre-processing of ghee
Refining and enhancing the potency of ghee.

घोलः ( gholaḥ )

Buttermilk prepared by churning curd
A type of buttermilk prepared by churning curd without adding water.

घ्राणपाकः/नासापाकः ( ghrāṇapākaḥ/ nāsāpākaḥ )

Suppurative vestibulitis
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: ulceration of the nose with marked suppuration; wheal-like skin eruptions; excessive moistness of nose; burning sensation; associated with pain; suppuration of nasal soft tissue.

घ्राणमार्गः ( ghrāṇamārgaḥ )

Nasal passage

घ्राणमूलम् ( ghrāṇamūlam )

Upper part of nasal cavity

घ्राणस्रावः/नासास्रावः ( ghrāṇasrāvaḥ/ nāsāsrāvaḥ )

Nasal discharge
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: constant colourless watery discharge from the nose; more marked at night; clear mucus discharge; watery discharge; continuous nasal discharge; colourless discharge; thick/dense discharge; yellowish discharge; whitish discharge; thin watery discharge.

घ्राणेन्द्रियम् ( ghrāṇendriyam )

Olfactory sense faculty
One of the sensory faculties : the faculty responsible for perception of smell or olfaction.

चक्षुः ,अक्षि, नेत्रम् ( cakṣuḥ, akṣi, netram )

Eye

चक्षुरिन्द्रियम् ( cakṣurindriyam )

Visual sense faculty
One of the sensory faculties : the faculty responsible for visual perception.

चणकाम्लः ( caṇakāmlaḥ )

Powder made from dewdrops
A powder made from dewdrops collected from the chickpea or chaṇaka plant [Cicer arietinum L.].

चतुर्थ-मदः ( caturtha-madaḥ )

Fourth stage of intoxication
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: idiocy; being as helpless as a piece of broken wood; loss of the sense of discrimination between right and wrong actions; unable to be roused or respond to stimuli.

चतुर्थकविपर्ययविषमज्वरः ( caturthakaviparyayaviṣamajvaraḥ )

Intermittent fiver recurring every fourth day when fever persists for two days with one day remission
A disorder characterized by a fever spike on the second and third days: the patient is free of fever at the beginning and end of every four-day period.

चतुर्थकविषमज्वरः ( caturthakaviṣamajvaraḥ )

Intermittent fever recurring every fourth day
A disorder characterized by a recurrent fever spike every fourth day.

चतुर्थपटलगत-दोषः ( caturthapaṭalagata-doṣaḥ )

Disorder affecting fourth layer of eye
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: the ability to see only the stars; ability to see clear and bright objects; complete obstruction of vision in all directions; ability to see the moon and sun; ability to see lightning in the sky; ability to visualize dazzling objects; obstruction of vision.

चतुर्थमासगर्भः ( caturthamāsa-garbhaḥ )

Fourth month of pregnancy
This month is characterized by increasing foetal stabilization, and an increasing excessive heaviness in the body of the pregnant woman; appearance of all body organs and adjuncts; appearance of body parts.

चतुर्विधदन्तजन्म ( caturvidhadantajanma )

Four types of dentition
Four different types of tooth eruption.

चतुर्विधहेतुः ( caturvidhahetuḥ )

Four types of etiological factor
There are four types of etiological factors: . proximate cause, distant etiological factor, mild yet potential causative factor and dominant causative factor

चतुर्विंशति-पुरुषः ( caturviṃśati-puruṣaḥ )

Embodied being composed of 24 elements
A body composed of 24 elements, namely: 1. eight primordial entities (ashtaprakriti) including unmanifested microcosm (avyakta), all-pervading intelligence (mahat) and the five rudimentary, undifferentiated elements (tanmatra); and 2. sixteen derivatives (shodashavikriti) comprising the five elements, the five organs of sense, five organs of action, and mind.

चतुर्विंशतियन्त्रकर्म ( caturviṃśatiyantrakarma )

Twenty-four functions of surgical instruments
A list of the various actions that can be performed using different blunt instruments.

चन्द्रकान्तः ( candrakāntaḥ )

Moon stone
Moon stone is sodium potassium aluminium silicate of feldspar with a pearly appearance. Duly processed chandrakanta is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations.

चन्द्रमण्डलवत्-छेदः ( candramaṇḍalavatchedaḥ )

Circular incision
An incision made in the shape of a circle.

चपलः ( capalaḥ )

Bismuth or selenium
Bismuth (III) sulfide (Bi2S3). In calcinated form chapala is used as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral formulations.

चर्मकीलः ( carmakīlaḥ )

Warts
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: nail-like projections from the skin surface; fixed projection; rough-textured projection; haemorrhoidal mass-like projection from skin surface; whitish projection; blackish projection.

चर्मकुष्ठः ( carmakuṣṭhaḥ )

Skin disease with lesions resembling elephant’s skin
A skin disease characterized by large lesions resembling an elephant’s skin; rough to touch.

चर्मदल-कुष्ठः ( carmadala-kuṣṭhaḥ )

Exfoliation of skin
A skin disease characterized by redness; itching; blister; pain; putrefaction; tenderness/inability to tolerate touch; burning sensation with sweating and restlessness; burning sensation.

चर्व्यम् ( carvyam )

Chewables
Food which requires thorough chewing when consumed.

चलाचल-सन्धिक्षतः ( calācala-sandhikṣataḥ )

Injury to movable and immovable joints

चालनकर्म ( cālanakarma )

Mobilization
A technique involving the mobilization of impacted foreign bodies or endogenous structures such as bones, teeth and fractured fragments.

चिकित्सा ( cikitsā )

Treatment

चिकित्सा ( cikitsā )

Treatment
A treatment eradicates or normalizes impaired dosha and reestablishes all the dhatu in equilibrium, thereby restoring the normal structure and function of bodily elements.

चिकित्सापचारः, व्यापत्, उपद्रवः ( cikitsāpacāraḥ, vyāpat, upadrava )

Conditions due to faulty treatment
Conditions which are well known outcomes of faulty assessment and administration of treatment regimens, and range from manageable states to those with fatal consequences.

चिकित्स्य-पुरुषः, षड्धातुपुरुष ( cikitsya-puruṣaḥ, ṣaḍdhātupuruṣa )

Person as the object of treatment
The treatable entity (a person), consisting of five elements and soul .

चिन्तनम् ( cintanam )

Decision-making
The process of weighing up or considering the worth of an action or its alternatives.

चिप्यम्/अक्षता/उपनख ( cipyam/ akṣatā/ upanakha; )

Whitlow
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a burning sensation in the lateral wall of eponychium; pus formation in the lateral wall of eponychium; intense burning sensation in the nailbeds and surrounding skin; intense burning sensation in the area between nails and skin underneath nails; fever; pain over and under nails.

चिबुकम् ( cibukam )

Chin

चीनबन्धः ( cīnabandhaḥ )

Eye bandage
A type of bandage applied in the eye region.

चूचुकम् ( cūcukam )

Nipple

चूडाकरणसंस्कारः ( cūḍākaraṇasaṁskāraḥ )

Tonsuring ceremony
A ceremony in which the scalp hairs are totally shaved off for the first time after the child is one year old and before reaching three years of age.

चूर्णम्, रजः, क्षोड: ( cūrṇam, rajaḥ,kṣodaḥ )

Powder

चूर्णाञ्जनम् ( cūrṇāñjanam )

Collyrium in form of powder
A type of collyrium in the form of a powder.

चूर्णोदकम्,शुद्धोदकम्‌ ( cūrṇodakam, śuddhodakam )

Lime water

चूषणम् (विषोपक्रमः) ( cūṣaṇam (viṣopakramaḥ)

Poison removal by suction
Applying suction by various means to remove poison.

चेतन-द्रव्यम्/सेन्द्रियः ( cetana-dravyam/ sendriyaḥ )

Sentient being
Any living, sentient, aware, feeling, animate being; any substance imbued with life (including plants).

चेतना/ चैतन्यम् ( cetanā/ caitanyam )

Consciousness
Awareness, conscious self or intelligence.

चेतःस्थानम् ( cetaḥsthānam )

Seats of consciousness
Body sites which are major seats of vital life force; primarily the heart .

चेष्टा ( ceṣṭā )

Motion, action, function

चेष्टावन्तसन्धिः ( ceṣṭāvantasandhiḥ )

Movable joint

चोष्यम् / चूष्यम् ( coṣyam/cūṣyam )

Suckables
Soft food including juicy fruits (such as mango) which may be consumed by sucking.

छदनम् ( chadanam )

Covering

छर्दिः ( chardiḥ )

Vomiting

छर्दिनिग्रहज-उदावर्तः ( chardinigrahaja-udāvartaḥ )

Disorders of reversed or altered visceral movement due to suppression of vomiting
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: skin diseases; itching; wheal-like skin eruptions; loss of taste; black pigmented patches; oedema; clinical features of pāṇḍu; fever; skin diseases; spreading cellulitis/erysipelas; nausea.

छर्दिनिग्रहणम्, छर्दिघ्नम् ( chardinigrahaṇam, chardighnam )

Anti-emetic

छर्दिवेगरोधः ( chardivegarodhaḥ )

Disorder due to withholding of vomiting
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: itching; wheal-like skin eruptions; loss of taste; blackish circular patches on face; oedema; clinical features of pāṇḍu; fever; skin disease; nausea; spreading cellulitis/erysipelas; diseases of eyes; itching; cough; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing.

छलः ( chalaḥ )

Perverted or deceitful argument
A specious and verbose statement made with the sole intention of unnerving the opponent.

छिद्रम्, द्वारम्, विवरम्, सुशिरम्, कुहरम् ( chidram, dvāram, vivaram, suṣiram, kuharam )

Orifice

छिद्रोदरः/क्षतोदरः ( chidrodaraḥ/ kṣatodaraḥ )

Acute abdominal swelling caused by intestinal perforation
An acute and life threatening illness characterized by increased abdominal distension below the umbilicus; passing of blackish stools; passing of bluish stools; passing of yellowish stools; passing of slimy stools; passing of stools smelling of dead body; passing of unformed stools with ama; hiccups; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; cough; thirst; excessive urination; loss of taste; indigestion; weakness; watery discharge from anus; severe needling type of pain; indigestion; frequent scanty stool-coloured discharge from anus; giddiness or dizziness; tearing.

छिन्नश्वासः ( chinnaśvāsaḥ )

Split or noncontiguous (breathing)
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: borborygmi with distension; with perspiration; syncope or swooning; burning in the bladder; confused dilated eyes; excessively weak respiration; redness of one eye; senselessness/unconsciousness; dryness of mouth; discoloration of face; excessive talking/irrelevant speech/ incoherent speech; afflicted with loosening of joints/ligaments; pain due to affliction of marma or vital points; suppression of urine; downward gaze; fainting; timidity or apathy; loss of lustre/charm; leading to death.

छेदनकर्म ( chedanakarma )

Excision
The procedure of excising or amputating a body part or organ.

छेदनकर्म ( chedanakarma )

Excision
Excision procedure for wound management.

छेदनभेदः ( chedanabhedaḥ )

Types of incision
Various types of incision based on shape, such as oblique, semicircular and circular.

छेदनम् ( chedanam )

Corrosive action
A therapeutic action which forcibly drives out sticky dosha such as kapha.

छेद्यरोगः ( chedyarogaḥ )

Eye disorders for excision
Eye diseases in which the surgical procedure of excision is indicated.

जघनम् ( jaghanam )

Waist

जङ्गमः/ बहिरन्तश्चेतनः ( jaṅgamaḥ/ bahirantaścetanaḥ )

Mobile life form with internal and external sentience
Any living being in the animal kingdom which visibly reacts to external stimuli.

जङ्गमविषः ( jaṅgamaviṣaḥ )

Animal poison
Poisoning characterized by sleep; drowsiness/lassitude; exhaustion without exertion; burning sensation; inflammation/ suppuration; horripilation; oedema; diarrhoea; indigestion.

जङ्घा ( jaṅghā )

Lower leg
The part of lower limb between the knee and the ankle.

जङ्घापिण्डिका ( jaṅghā-piṇḍikā )

Prominence of calf muscles

जङ्घास्थि ( jaṅghāsthinī )

Tibia and fibula

जतुमणिः ( jatumaṇiḥ )

Mole, birthmark
A disorder characterized by a painless circular lesion; slightly raised from skin surface; minute lesion; reddish or reddish tinged; smooth-textured lesion; resembles carmakīla; present since birth/congenital.

जत्रु ( jatru )

Clavicle

जत्रुमूलम् ( jatrumūlam )

Base of the neck

जन्मबलप्रवृत्तरोगः ( janmabalapravṛttarogaḥ )

Congenital anomalies
Conditions that occur at the time of birth which may be the result of diet and lifestyle choices by the mother during conception or from non-fulfilment of maternal cravings during pregnancy.

जरणशक्तिः ( jaraṇaśaktiḥ )

Digestive power
The capacity to digest consumed food.

जराजन्यक्लैब्यम् ( jarājanyaklaibyam )

Senile impotency
Impotency owing to senility and old age.

जरायुः ( jarāyuḥ )

Fetal membranes

जरायुजः ( jarāyujaḥ )

Viviparous animals
An animal species which undergoes placental birth, e.g. humans, lions, tigers, cows or goats.

जल-स्रावः ( jala-srāvaḥ )

Watery exudation from corners of eye
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a watery discharge occurring at the junction of eyelids and sclera; discharge from inner canthus; pain; redness/congestion; oedema; lacrimation occurring during digestion.

जलम् ( jalam )

Water element
Responsible for cohesion and fluidity, acts as the substratum of taste, perceived by the tongue.

जलवाहिनीसिरा ( Jalavāhinīsirā )

Lacrimal duct

जलौकावचरणम् ( jalaukāvacaraṇam )

Bloodletting using leech
Bloodletting by means of medical leeches (Hirudo medicinalis).

जल्पः ( jalpaḥ )

Defensive argument
A debate in which the speaker resorts to quibbling and illegitimate commentary to argue their own case and refute that of their opponent.

जाङ्गमः ( jāṅgamaḥ )

Drugs of animal origin

जाङ्गमविष-अधिष्ठानम् ( jāṅgamaviṣaadhiṣṭhānam )

Substrata of poison in animals
The various sites at which poisons are located in animals such as sight, breath, fangs/teeth, nails, faeces, urine, semen, saliva, menstrual blood, bones, bite, flatus, beak/mouth, bile, bristle and dead body.

जाङ्गमविषम् ( jāṅgamaviṣam )

Animal poison
A group of poisons originating from animals: snakes, rats, spiders and rabid animals e.g. dogs, scorpions and insects.

जाङ्गलमांसात्युपयोगः ( jāṅgalamāṃsātyupayogaḥ )

Disorder due to excessive intake of animal meat from region with dry forests and less rainfall

जाठराग्निः ( jāṭharāgniḥ )

Metabolic factors located in the digestive tract
Transformative factors in the gastrointestinal tract.

जातकर्म ( jātakarma )

Care of newborn
The various procedures undertaken in the care of a newborn baby.

जातकर्मसंस्कारः ( jātakarmasaṁskāraḥ )

Postnatal ritual
A ritual performed soon after birth for the purpose of promoting intellect, longevity and strength in the baby.

जानु ( jānu )

Knee region

जानुकपालिका ( jānukapālikā )

Patella

जानुबस्तिः ( jānubastiḥ )

Therapeutic retention of oil over knee region
A procedure which involves holding medicated oil over the knee region for a specific duration.

जानुसन्धिः ( jānusandhiḥ )

Knee joint

जान्वधःसन्धिः ( jānvadhaḥsandhiḥ )

Proximal tibiofibular joint

जालगर्दभः ( jālagardabhaḥ )

Nonsuppurating cellulitis
A disorder characterized by a slowly spreading swelling; swelling tending not to suppurate; small swelling; coppercoloured swelling; associated with fever.

जालधरासिरा, जालन्धरा ( jāladharā-sirā, jālandharā )

Great saphenous vein

जालम् ( jālam )

Plexus or network
An interlacing or decussating network such as those of māṃsa, sirā, snāyu or asthi.

जालिनी-प्रमेहपिडका ( jālinī-pramehapiḍakā )

Carbuncle resembling spider web
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a boil accompanied by a severe burning sensation; a boil surrounded by a fleshy mass network; numbness; covered with venous plexus; unctuous discharge; broad-cavity nodule; with severe pain; needling type of pain in nodule; minute opening; covered with a venous plexus.

जिज्ञासा ( jijñāsā )

Inquisitiveness
The desire to explore and investigate a particular topic out of curiosity and with the intention of knowing the truth.

जिह्वा, रसना, गोजिह्विका, गोजिह्वा ( jihvā, rasanā, gojihvikā, gojihvā )

Tongue

जिह्वाग्रम् ( jihvāgram )

Tip of the tongue

जिह्वातलम् ( jihvātalam )

Surface of the tongue

जिह्वामूलगतमलः ( jihvāmūlagatamalaḥ )

Debris deposition at the root of the tongue
A disorder characterized by restricted expiration; bad mouth smell/halitosis.

जिह्वामूलम्, जिह्वाप्रबन्धः, जिह्वाबन्धनम्, रसनबन्धनम् ( jihvā-mūlam, jihvāprabandhaḥ, jihvābandhanam, rasanabandhanam )

Root of the tongue

जिह्वासेवनी ( jihvā-sevanī )

Frenulum of the tongue

जिह्वास्तम्भः ( jihvāstambhaḥ )

Rigid tongue
A disorder characterized by inability to eat food and liquids; inability to speak.

जीवः ( jīvaḥ )

Living being, individual self
The lifelong vital principle.

जीवनम् ( jīvanam )

Giving life
One of the functions of blood is to give, quicken and vivify life.

जीवनीयः ( jīvanīyaḥ )

Substance maintaining life, wholesome to life

जीवनीयः ( jīvanīyaḥ )

Vitality enhancer
Therapies or medicines beneficial for increasing vitality.

जीवन्मुक्तिः ( jīvanmuktiḥ )

Liberation in the embodied state
Attaining emancipation or salvation while still alive, liberation from karmic rebirth.

जीवादानम्-वमनव्यापत् ( jīvādānam-vamanavyāpat )

Condition of bleeding due to faulty emetic therapy
A condition characterized by death due to blood loss; thirst; syncope or swooning; insanity.

जीवादानविरेचनव्यापत् ( jīvādānavirecanavyāpat )

Condition of bleeding due to faulty purgative therapy
A condition characterized by death due to blood loss; thirst; syncope or swooning; insanity.

जृम्भानिग्रहज-उदावर्तः ( jṛmbhānigrahaja-udāvartaḥ )

Disorders of reversed or altered visceral movement due to suppression of yawning
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: torticollis/stiffness of neck; stiffness of throat region; disorders of the head; severe diseases of the ear; severe diseases of the mouth; severe diseases of the nose; severe diseases of the eye.

जृम्भावेगरोधः ( jṛmbhāvegarodhaḥ )

Disorder due to withholding of yawning
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: flexion/bending of body; convulsions; contractions; numbness; tremors; tremor/shaking; torticollis/ stiffness of neck; stiffness of throat region; diseases of head; diseases of vāta; severe form of ear disease; severe form of mouth disease; severe form of nose disease; severe form of eye disease; headache; impairment of sense organs; facial paralysis.

जेन्ताकस्वेदः ( jentākasvedaḥ )

Sweating induced in a specially designed room
A type of sudation therapy in which diaphoresis is achieved by sitting in a specially designed chamber with internal heating for a prescribed period.

ज्ञः ( jñaḥ )

The knower
Perceiver of knowledge, soul.

ज्ञानम् ( jñānam )

Understanding, religious knowledge
A wider form of knowledge centred on a cognitive event that is recognized when experienced.

ज्ञानेन्द्रियगतवात/ श्रोत्रादीन्द्रियगतवातः ( Jñānendriyagatavāta/ śrotrādīndriyagatavātaḥ )

Aggravation of vata in the sense organs
A disorder characterized by functional impairment of the sense organs.

ज्ञानेन्द्रियम् ( jñānendriyam )

Sensory faculty
The five sensory or cognitive faculties: auditory, visual, gustatory, olfactory and tactile sensory faculties.

ज्वरः ( jvaraḥ )

Fever
A disorder characterized by rise of temperature/agitation; absence of perspiration; generalized body stiffness/pain.

ज्वरपूर्वरुपम् ( jvarapūrvarupam )

Prodromal symptoms of fever
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: dysgeusia/loss of taste; heaviness of body; aversion to food; querulous eyes; lacrimation/tears in eyes; excessive sleep; distress/discontent/restlessness; yawning; flexion/bending of body; shivering/tremors; exhaustion/ fatigue; giddiness or dizziness; excessive talking/irrelevant speech/incoherent speech; sleeplessness; horripilation; sensitive teeth/dental hyperaesthesia; random intolerance to sound; cold; wind and the sun; wavering like and dislike of cold; wavering like and dislike of wind; wavering like and dislike of sun; loss of taste; indigestion; weakness; generalized body aches; low vitality; slowness in activities; lethargy; loss of regular functions; aversion to work; disregard of superiors’ instructions; dislike of children; indifference towards own duties; dislike of garlands and external applications; difficulty in deglutition; aversion to sweet food; liking for sour food; liking for salty food; liking for pungent food; discoloration; eyes filled with tears; black-outs; displeasure/discontent; feeling of cold; tear-filled; agitated eyes; excessive sleeping; claudication/cramp in the calf muscles; exhaustion without exertion; disregard for better advice; aversion to sweet food; severe thirst; wavering like and dislike of sound without any reason; wavering like and dislike of agni/warmth without any reason; wavering like and dislike of water without any reason; stumbling gait; burning eyes.

टङ्कणम् ( ṭaṅkaṇam )

Borax

डमरुयन्त्रम् ( ḍamaruyantram )

Instrument for sublimation

ढालनम् ( ḍhālanam )

Pouring molten metal into a liquid

तक्रकूर्चिका ( takrakūrcikā )

Solid part of milk boiled with buttermilk
The solid portion obtained when milk is boiled with buttermilk.

तक्रधारा ( takradhārā )

Controlled pouring of buttermilk over body
A procedure in which buttermilk is poured in a stream all over the body.

तक्रम् ( takram )

Thin buttermilk
A type of buttermilk prepared by churning curd with quarter the amount of water.

तद्विद्यसंभाषा ( tadvidyasaṃbhāṣā, )

Discussion and debate amongst peers
Discussion and debate between peers which is conducted in a friendly spirit and serves to advance knowledge.

तद्विद्यसम्भाषा ( tadvidyasambhāṣā )

Discussion amongst peers
A discussion among experts in the field in the manner of a peer-review.

तनुरसः ( tanurasaḥ )

Thin meat soup
A meat soup prepared with larger amount of water.

तनुरेतोदोषः ( tanuretodoṣaḥ )

Abnormally thin, scanty semen
A condition characterized by abnormally thin semen or semen of reduced viscosity and increased liquidity.

तन्त्रम् ( tantram )

Treatise, structurally organized knowledge
A term that means literally to hold together on a thread, and figuratively to elaborate a structured and classified exposition of a subject.

तन्त्रयुक्तिः ( tantrayuktiḥ )

Devices for composition and analysis of technical treatises
Devices required to compose, understand, criticize and evaluate a technical treatise.

तन्द्रा ( tandrā )

Drowsiness
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: inability to perceive the objects of the senses; exhaustion without exertion; heaviness; yawning; sleepiness.

तन्मात्रा ( tanmātrā )

Rudimentary, undifferentiated element
Subtle physical state of all five elements from which a gross element (mahabhuta) is produced.

तमः ( tamaḥ )

Inertia
Characterized by darkness, ignorance and laziness, it is capable of vitiating the mind.

तमकश्वासः ( tamakaśvāsaḥ )

Bronchial asthma
Difficulty in breathing resulting in darkness in front of eyes; A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: cold catarrh; making ghurghur sound; severely raised respiratory rate/tachypnoea; life-threatening; fainting due to tachypnoea; cough; motionless; frequent fainting while coughing; distressed by inability to expel phlegm; feeling better temporarily due to spitting of phlegm; inflammation of throat; hardly able to speak; loss of sleep/insomnia; difficulty in breathing in sleeping position; respiration hindered by sides of chest due to vāta; feeling comfortable in sitting posture; comfortable with hot things/desire for warm substances; enlarged eyes; sweating on forehead; sudden onset of pain; dryness of mouth; body moving with respiratory effort during attack; aggravation of attack due to incoming clouds; rain; cold or wind and other factors which increase kapha; thirst; perspiration; vomiting; associated with loud sounds; with sputum/phlegm; aversion to food; loss of taste; numbness increased on sleep; confusion/delirium; tremor.

तरुणास्थि ( taruṇāsthi )

Cartilage

तर्कः ( tarkaḥ )

Speculative reasoning or debate
A method of speculative reasoning or debate.

तर्जनि ( tarjani )

Second toe

तर्पककफः ( tarpaka-kaphaḥ )

Nourishing kapha
Subtype of kapha seated in the head which nourishes the sensory organs.

तर्पण-अपचारः ( tarpaṇa-apacāraḥ )

Condition due to improper application of lubrication therapy on the eyes

तर्पणहीनयोगः ( tarpaṇahīnayogaḥ )

Condition of suboptimal application of lubrication therapy on the eyes
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: dry eyes; turbid eyes; excessive lacrimation; photophobia/intolerance of visual perception; increase in disease characteristics.

तर्पणातियोगः ( tarpaṇātiyogaḥ )

Condition of excessive application of lubrication therapy on the eyes
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: heaviness of eye; confused/turbid eyes; excessive unctuousness of eye; lacrimation; itching; greasiness; afflicted by dosha.

तलम् ( talaṁ )

Medicated paste or oil applied over vertex
An application of warm oil mixed with powder and made into a paste (or only warm oil) placed over the vertex.

तलम् ( talam )

Palm, sole

तलहृदयम् (मर्म) ( talahṛdayam (marma)

Vulnerable location(s) on the midpoint of sole and palm
Four in number (one in each limb) which when injured leads to pain which ends in death.

ताच्छिल्यम् ( tācchilyam )

Inclinations
Description used to denote a particular inclination, tendency, or habit. Also refers to methods of diagnosis and treatment.

ताडागम् ( tāḍāgam )

Tank or pond water
Water sourced from artificial tanks or ponds.

तापस्वेदः ( tāpasvedaḥ )

Sweating induced by contact with heat or heated substances
The procedure of achieving sudation by applying a warm substance to the body surface.

तामसकायः ( tāmasakāyaḥ )

Person with inertial temperament
The mental and physical characteristics of the person with an inertial temperament are laziness, fickleness and indecisiveness.

तामसरोगः ( tāmasarogaḥ )

Diseases caused by inertia prone tendency
A disorder of the psyche caused by increase in the inertiaprone tendency in the individual, e.g. grief, slothfulness or excessive sleepiness.

ताम्रम् ( tāmram )

Copper
Cu (Cuprum). Duly processed tamra is employed as a standalone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations.

ताम्रा ( tāmrā )

Fourth layer of skin

तार्क्ष्यम् ( tārkṣyam )

Emerald
Duly processed tarkshya is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbomineral pharmaceutical formulations.

तालयन्त्रम् ( tālayantram )

Spatula, spoonshaped instruments
Scoop-like instruments used in surgical and parasurgical procedures such as removal of foreign bodies from the ears, nostrils, and other passages.

तालु ( tālu )

Palate
A term which denotes the anterior fontanelle.

तालु-अर्बुदः ( tālu-arbudaḥ )

Tumour of palate
A disorder characterized by a lotus-shaped swelling in the centre of the palate.

तालुकण्टकः ( tālukaṇṭakaḥ )

Dehydration of palate
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: depression/sinking of anterior fontanelle; depression of palate; aversion to breast milk; difficulty in sucking; loose stools; thirst; itching in mouth; pain in eyes; inability to hold neck; vomiting.

तालुगतरोगः ( tālugatarogaḥ )

Disorders of palate
A disorder impacting on the structure and/or function of the interior upper surface (roof) of the mouth.

तालुदेशः, तालुप्रदेशः ( tāludeśaḥ, tālupradeśaḥ )

Region of palate

तालुपाकः/तालुशोथः ( tālupākaḥ/ tāluśothaḥ )

Palatal inflammation
A disorder characterized by excessive suppuration/ inflammation of the palate; pus discharge; severe pain.

तालुपिडका ( tālupiḍakā )

Palatal boil
A disorder characterized by painful soft tissue in the palate; eruption in palatal soft tissue; rough eruptions; multiple eruptions; eruptions with thick exudation.

तालुपुप्पुटः ( tālupuppuṭaḥ )

Cystic swelling of palate
A disorder characterized by a painless swelling in the middle of the palate; painless swelling in palate; stable/benign swelling in palate.

तालुमांसम् ( tālumāṃsam )

Soft palate
A term which denotes the anterior fontanelle. स्वप्नम्

तालुविद्रधिः ( tāluvidradhiḥ )

Palatal abscess
A disorder characterized by a burning sensation in the palate; redness/congestion of palate; inflammation/ suppuration of palate.

तालुशोषः ( tāluśoṣaḥ )

Atrophy of palate
A disorder characterized by excessive dryness of the palate; fever; exertion; fissuring of palate; respiratory distress.

ताल्वस्थि ( tālvasthi )

Bones of the palate

तिक्त-रसः ( tikta-rasaḥ )

Bitter taste

तिक्तरसातियोगः ( tiktarasātiyogaḥ )

Disorder due to excessive intake of bitter substances
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: diminution of fundamental structural components/emaciation; drying up of primary circulating nutrient fluid; drying up of blood (raktadhatu); drying up of muscle (mamsadhatu); drying up of fat (medodhatu); drying up of bone (asthi dhatu); drying up of bone marrow (majja dhatu); drying up of reproductive fluids (śukra dhatu); roughness/hardness in srotas/channels; loss of physical strength or weakness; emaciation; fatigued mind and body; confusion/delirium; giddiness or dizziness; dryness in mouth; diseases of vāta; stiffness of body parts; torticollis/stiffness of neck; convulsions; facial paralysis; headache; pricking pain; breaking type of pain; cutting type of pain; unpleasant taste in mouth; syncope or swooning; roughness of body.

तिक्तस्कन्धः ( tiktaskandhaḥ )

Group of bitter substances

तिमिरवमनस्य व्यापदः ( timira vamanasya vyapadaḥ )

Condition caused by emetic therapy administered to a person with cataract
A condition characterized by exacerbation of cataract.

तिर्यकक्षिप्त-सन्धिमुक्तम् ( tiryakakṣiptasandhimuktam )

Dislocation with oblique displacement
A dislocation of a joint characterized by one of the bones being obliquely displaced; severe pain.

तिर्यकपातनयन्त्रम् ( tiryakapātanayantram )

Distillation apparatus

तिर्यक् -छेदः ( tiryak-chedaḥ )

Oblique incision
A type of obliquely placed incision.

तिर्यक् -पातनम् ( tiryak-pātanam )

Oblique distillation of mercury

तिलकालकः ( tilakālakaḥ )

Black boil resembling a A disease of the penis characterized by a black-coloured sesame seed in size lesion localized on the skin surface; sesame-sized lesion; on the penis painless lesion; macular lesion/not raised from skin surface.

तिलकालकः ( tilakālakaḥ )

Black boil resembling tila seed
A disorder characterized by a black-coloured lesion localized on skin surface; sesame sized lesion; painless lesion; macular lesion/flush with skin.

तीक्ष्णः ( tīkṣṇaḥ )

Sharpness, speed
The quality of a substance which is responsible for rapid, strong or high intensity activity or response..

तीक्ष्णधूमपानम् ( tīkṣṇadhūmapānam )

High-potency medicated smoking
The procedure of medicated smoking with high-strength drugs.

तीक्ष्णाग्निः ( tīkṣṇāgniḥ )

Intense state of digestive, metabolic factors
A state in which the action of transformative factor is considerably intensified due to the dominant influence of pitta.

तुण्डिकेरी ( tuṇḍikerī; )

Tonsillitis
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a large swelling; large swelling; pricking pain; burning sensation; severe inflammation; pharyngeal swelling resembling kārpāsa fruit; slimy swelling; swelling with dull aching pain; hard swelling; associated with temporomandibular joint.

तुत्थ-दग्धः ( tuttha-dagdhaḥ )

Condition due to incomplete first-degree burn
A condition characterized by discoloration; burning sensation with sweating and restlessness; no blisters.

तुन्नसेवनी ( tunnasevanī )

Darning suture
A subcuticular suture.

तुन्नसेवनी ( Tunnasevanī )

Sutural joint

तुला ( tulā )

Measure of weight approximately equal to 4 kg and 800 g
Measure of weight equal to 400 karsha or 100 pala.

तुषाम्बुः ( tuṣāmbuḥ )

Unhusked barley brew
Fermented liquid prepared by using raw broken unhusked barley.

तूनी ( tūnī )

Bladder pain radiating towards anus and penis
A disorder characterized by pain travelling down from colon and urinary bladder; tearing sensation in genitals; tearing sensation in anus; severe pain in bladder region.

तृणकान्तः ( tṛṇakāntaḥ )

Amber
Duly processed amber is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations.

तृतीय-मदः ( tṛtīya-madaḥ )

Third stage of intoxication
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: visiting places which should not be frequented; disrespect for teachers; eating inedible things; loss of consciousness; disclosure of even close-guarded secrets; dependency on others.

तृतीयकविषमज्वरः ( tṛtīyakaviṣamajvaraḥ )

Intermittent fever spiking every third day
A disorder characterized by a recurrent fever spike on alternate days, i.e. every third day.

तृतीयपटलगत-दोषः ( tṛtīyapaṭalagata-doṣaḥ )

Disorder affecting third layer of eye
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: presence of vision in an upward direction; absence of vision in a downward direction; even large objects appearing as if covered with a cloth; faces seemingly appearing with absence of ear; nose and eye; dṛṣṭi coloured according to the afflicting dosha; seeing body parts without features.

तृतीयमासगर्भः ( tṛtīyamāsa-garbhaḥ )

Third month of pregnancy
This month is characterized by the simultaneous manifestation of all the sense faculties; simultaneous manifestation of various bodily organs; manifestation of hands; manifestation of legs; manifestation of head; minute forms of body organs.

तृष्णा ( tṛṣṇā )

Morbid thirst
A disorder characterized by an incessant desire for water.

तृष्णा ( tṛṣṇā )

Therapeutic sustained thirst
The process of keeping a person thirsty as a therapeutic measure.

तृष्णा, पिपासा ( tṛṣṇā, pipāsā )

Thirst

तृष्णानिरोधजदाहः ( tṛṣṇānirodhajadāhaḥ )

Generalized burning sensation due to unquenched thirst
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: internal and external burning sensations; dryness of throat; dryness of palate; dryness of lips; trembling of the tongue on protrusion; dulling of all senses.

तृष्णापूर्वरूपम् ( tṛṣṇāpūrvarūpam )

Prodromal symptoms of morbid thirst
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: dryness of mouth; excessive dryness of palate; excessive dryness of lips; excessive dryness of throat; excessive dryness of oral cavity; burning sensation in the oral cavity; confusion/delirium; giddiness or dizziness; excessive and incoherent speech.

तृष्णावेगरोधः ( tṛṣṇāvegarodhaḥ )

Disorder due to suppression of thirst
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: dry throat; dryness in mouth; deafness/ hearing impairment; exhaustion/fatigue; bodily exhaustion or tiredness; precordial pain/cardiac pain; dryness/wasting/ emaciation; unconsciousness/confusion; giddiness or dizziness; diseases of heart.

तॄष्णार्तस्य नस्य व्यापदः ( tṝṣṇārtasya nasya vyāpadaḥ )

Condition due to inhalation therapy administered to person who is thirsty

तेजः ( Tejaḥ )

Fire element
Responsible for heat, acts as the substratum for form and vision, perceived by the eyes.

तेजोजलम् ( tejojalam )

Aqueous humour

तेजोजलाश्रितबाह्यपटलम् ( tejojalāśritabāhya-paṭalam )

Cornea

तैलधारा ( tailadhārā )

Controlled pouring of oil over body
A procedure in which oil is made to poured in a stream (dhara) all over the body.

तैलपायना ( tailapāyanā )

Tempering of sharp surgical instruments with oil
The tempering of surgical instruments in medicated oil.

तैलमूर्छनम् ( tailamūrcchanam )

Pre-processing of oil
Refining and enhancing the potency of ghee.

तैलम् (व्रणचिकित्सा) ( tailam (vraṇacikitsā) )

Application of medicated oils for wound management
Topical applicationof medicated oil to a wound.

तैलवर्तिका ( taila-vartikā )

Omentum
The truncal cavity between the chest and pelvis. It may also refer to the uterine cavity.

तैलसेवन-अतियोगः ( tailasevana-atiyogaḥ )

Disorder due to excessive intake of oil, e.g. sesame oil

तौषारम् ( tauṣāram )

Dew water
Water obtained from dewdrops formed at night in the cold season or rainwater accumulating on leaves.

त्रयोपस्तम्भः ( trayopastambhaḥ )

Three pillars to maintain health and longevity
The three pillars are food, sleep and moderation in sensual indulgence including sexual activity

त्रिकम् ( trikam )

Sacrum, sacral region, pelvic girdle
The area between the two ilial wings and the fifth lumbar vertebra and coccyx. Also refers more generally to a triad or region where three structures meet, including the shoulder girdle.

त्रिकू र्चकशस्त्रम् ( trikūrcakaśastram )

Sharp threepin (brush-like) instrument
A type of surgical instrument with triple-pointed tips used for bloodletting or surgical drainage.

त्रिगुणा, महागुणः ( triguṇāḥ, mahāguṇaḥ )

Three primordial psychophysical attributes of nature
The three primary attributes of the universe, also indicative of mental attributes: tranquillity or harmony (sattva), agitation or activity (rajas) and inertia (tamas). The interplay of these gunas defines the character of a person or thing and determines the progress of life.

त्रिदोषः, शारीरिकदोष ( tridoṣaḥ, śārīrikadoṣa )

Three doshas or tridosha
The three regulatory functional factors of the body are: vata, pitta and kapha.

त्रिदोषजप्रकृतिः ( ṭridoṣajaprakṛtiḥ )

Body constitution in terms of the three dosha

त्रिदोषजमसूरिका ( tridoṣajamasūrikā )

Lentil-shaped pox disease due to vitiated tridosha
Lentil-shaped eruptive disorder is characterized by blue eruptions; flat eruptions; depresssed in the centre; severe pain; taking a long time to suppurate; excessive pus discharge; obstruction of throat; loss of taste; rigidity/stiffness; excessive talking/irrelevant speech/incoherent speech; distress/discontent/restlessness.

त्रिमर्म ( trimarma )

Three vulnerable locations
Heart, urinary bladder and head are considered as three most vulnerable locations

त्रिविध-शारीरिक-रोगः ( trividha-śārīrika-rogaḥ )

Three types of somatic disease
A threefold classification of somatic diseases based on vitiation of vata, pitta and kapha.

त्रिविधकुक्षिः ( trividha-kukṣiḥ )

Three divisions of stomach capacity
A division of stomach capacity into three parts, i.e.one part for solid items, one part for liquids and one part to be left empty for vata, pitta and kapha.

त्रिविधपरीक्षा (दर्शन, स्पर्शन, प्रश्न) ( trividhaparīkṣā (darśana, sparśana , praśna) )

Standard three Examination of the patient by observation (darshana), component examination palpation (sparshana) and interview (prashna).

त्रिविधहेतुः ( trividhahetuḥ )

Three types of etiological factors
A classification of etiology into three types: these are improper use of sense organs, intellectual error and transformation under the effect of time.

त्रिसूत्रायुर्वेदः, त्रिस्कन्ध ( trisūtrāyurvedaḥ, triskandhaḥ )

Three core principles The entire narrative of Ayurveda is woven coherently on the of Ayurveda knowledge logical framework of etiology (hetu), symptomatology (linga) and therapeutics (aushadha).

त्वक् -विषः ( tvak-viṣaḥ )

Poisonous barks
Poisoning characterized by halitosis; roughness/dryness; headache; secretion of mucus.

त्वक् , चर्म, वल्कम् ( tvak, carma, valkam )

Skin

त्वक्गतमसूरिका/ रसधातुगतमसूरिका ( tvakgatamasūrikā/ rasadhātugatamasūrikā )

Lentil-shaped pox disease localized in skin
Lentil-shaped eruptive disorder is characterized by vesicles resembling bubbles in water; watery discharge on rupture of vesicles; lesser severity.

त्वक्गतवातः ( tvakgatavātaḥ )

Aggravation of vata in skin
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: dryness of skin; cracking of skin; numbness of skin; thinning of skin/skin atrophy; blackening of skin; pricking pain in skin; stretching and redness of skin; pain in small joints; skin irritation resembling application of mustard paste; cracking of skin; discoloration; scaling of skin.

त्वक्पाकः ( tvakpākaḥ )

Boil producing fever and burning sensation of the penis
A disease of the penis characterized by fever; burning sensation.

त्वक्सारः, रससारः ( tvak-sāraḥ, rasa sāraḥ )

Person with predominance or essence of primary circulating nutrient fluid
Characterized by features such as unctuousness in ears, eyes, mouth, tongue, nose, lips, palms or soles, nails, forehead, penis with no signs of pallor and having a charming or pleasant personality.

त्वगिन्द्रियम्, स्पर्शनेन्द्रियम् ( tvagindriyam, sparśanendriyam )

Tactile sense faculty
One of the sensory faculties : the faculty responsible for perception of touch sensation..

त्वग्गत-शल्यः ( tvaggata-śalyaḥ )

Foreign body in the skin
A disorder due to presence of foreign body in the skin; characterized by discoloration; elongated prominent swelling; hard swelling.

त्वग्गतकुष्ठः ( tvaggatakuṣṭhaḥ )

Skin disease localized in primary circulating nutrient fluid
A skin disease characterized by loss of touch sensation; excess sweating; mild itching; discoloration; dryness.

दण्डकः ( daṇḍakaḥ )

Tonic convulsion

दण्डापतानकः ( daṇḍāpatānakaḥ )

Orthotonus with rod like stiffness
A disorder characterized by the whole body becoming stiff like a stick.

दद्रु-कुष्ठः ( dadru-kuṣṭhaḥ )

Skin disease with small, raised skin lesions
A chronic skin disease characterized by lesions associated with an itching sensation; reddish nodules; papules/eruptions; raised ring-shaped plaque; spreading out; resembling Indian doab grass; resembling flax flowers.

दधि-मिथ्योपयोगः ( dadhi-mithyopayogaḥ )

Disorder due to improper consumption of curd
A person consuming curd inappropriately; deviating from the prescribed rules.

दधिकूर्चिका ( dadhikūrcikā )

Solid part of milk boiled with curd
The solid portion obtained when milk is boiled with curd.

दधिमस्तु ( dadhimastu )

Watery part of curd
The supernatant liquid portion of curd.

दधिवर्गः ( dadhivargaḥ )

Group of curds
Curds, and the stages of their preparation, from the milk of various animals.

दन्तः, दशनः ( dantaḥ, daśanaḥ )

Teeth

दन्तजन्म ( dantajanma )

Dentition
One of the important milestones of childhood when the primary teeth erupt, thus indicating the time for weaning.

दन्तत्वक् , दन्तवल्कम् ( danta-tvak, dantavalkam )

Enamel

दन्तनाडी ( dantanāḍī )

Disease of tooth root, alveolar sinus
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: the formation of small channels/cavities; recurrent purulent discharge; disruption of skin; eruption in soft tissue; eruption through bone.

दन्तपुप्पुटः ( dantapuppuṭaḥ )

Periodontitis
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a large swelling around two or three teeth; pain in two or three teeth; large hard swelling around two or three teeth; severe pain; rapid ripening into gingivitis.

दन्तबन्धनम्, द्विजबन्धनम्, दन्तमांसम्, दन्तमूलम्, दन्तपिण्डिका, दन्ताधारः, दन्तवेष्टकः ( dantabandhanam, dvijabandhanam, dantamāṃsam, dantamūlam, dantapiṇḍikā, dantādhāraḥ, dantaveṣṭakaḥ )

Gum, alveolar arch

दन्तविद्रधिः ( dantavidradhiḥ )

Alveolar abscess
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: oedema of gums; large swelling outside the gum; large swelling inside the gum; painful gums; burning gums; discharge of pus on bursting of lesion; discharge of blood on bursting of lesion.

दन्तवेष्टकः ( dantaveṣṭakaḥ )

Pyorrhoea
A disorder characterized by bleeding/haemorrhage; pus discharge; tooth loose in socket.

दन्तवैदर्भः ( dantavaidarbhaḥ )

Traumatic periodontitis
A disorder characterized by swelling of gums; tooth loose in socket.

दन्तशङ्कुशस्त्रम् ( dantaśaṅkuśastram )

Tooth scaler
A sharp instrument used for dental scaling.

दन्तशर्करा ( dantaśarkarā )

Tartar
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: putrid smell; foreign matter stuck between teeth; causing afflictions of teeth; dryness of foreign matter; teeth acquiring the roughness of sand; debris in teeth.

दन्तसम्पत् ( dantasampat )

Proper dentition
Teeth showing all the characteristics of healthy dentition.

दन्तहर्षः ( dantaharṣaḥ )

Hyperaesthesia of teeth
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: inability to tolerate cold substances on teeth; inability to tolerate hot substances on teeth; inability to tolerate touching/tenderness; inability to tolerate wind blowing on teeth; inability to tolerate sour food on teeth; inability to chew cold food with teeth; sour food causing pain; sour food causing teeth to move; inability to tolerate dry substances on teeth.

दन्ताग्रम् ( dantāgram )

Apex of tooth

दन्तोलूखलानि ( dantolūkhalāni )

Bony sockets of teeth

दमः ( damaḥ )

Self-restraint
A term that expresses self-command or self-control.

दर्पः ( darpaḥ )

Pride
A condition of arrogance, haughtiness, insolence or conceit.

दर्विकयन्त्रम् ( darvikayantram )

Ladle-shaped instrument
darvikayantram

दर्शनम् ( darśanam )

Vision

दशविधपरीक्षा ( daśavidhaparīkṣā )

Ten domains of clinical examination
Tenfold clinical examination: 1. individual constitution; 2. morbidity; 3. excellence of structural components; 4. compactness of tissues or organs; 5. measurement of body constituents; 6. homologation; 7. psychic condition; 8. power of food intake and digestion; 9. power of performing exercise; 10. age.

दशविधपरीक्ष्यभावः (कारण, करण, कार्ययोनि, कार्य, कार्यफल, अनुबन्ध, देशः, कालः, प्रवृत्ति, उपायः) ( daśavidhaparīkṣyabhāvaḥ (kāraṇa, karaṇa, kāryayoni, kārya, kāryaphala, anubandha, deśaḥ, kālaḥ, pravṛttiḥ, upāyaḥ) )

Ten items for clinical investigation
Ten important aspects of medical examination: principal agent (karana); tool, instrument (karana); substratum of treatment (karyayoni); treatment protocol (karya); immediate outcome, primary endpoint (karyaphala); consequence, long-term effect (anubandha); habitat (desha); time (kala); action (pravritti); and ailment-countering stratagem, means of action (upaya).

दंष्ट्राचिकित्सा ( damṣṭrācikitsā )

Toxicology
Synonym of toxicology: the science that deals with the study of poisons and their actions, methods of detection and treatment.

दहनम् ( dahanam )

Cauterization (therapeutic burn)
A process of cauterization for therapeutic purposes.

दहनम् ( dahanam )

Haemostasis by thermal cautery
A method of haemostasis using heat cauterization.

दहनोपकरणम् ( dahanopakaraṇam )

Materials used for cauterization
The various instruments or materials used for cauterization such as long pepper, cow’s teeth, grass stub, metal rod or probe.

दामबन्धः ( dāmabandhaḥ )

Sling bandage
A type of bandage applied to the back, sternum, and inguinal region (narrow parts).

दारणकर्म ( dāraṇakarma )

Removal of foreign body by splitting or tearing
The removal of a loosely impacted foreign body by splitting or tearing after application of a medication to the wound.

दारणकर्म ( dāraṇakarma )

Splitting, tearing or lancing
A procedure for removing pus from an abscess.

दारणकर्म ( dāraṇakarma )

Therapeutic rupturing, tearing
Induction of rupturing or tearing by local application of drugs.

दारुणकः ( dāruṇakaḥ )

Dandruff
A disorder characterized by itching of scalp; hair loss; loss of tactile sensation; dry scalp; cracks in scalp; hardening of scalp; cracked scalp skin; dry hairs.

दारुणकर्म ( dāruṇakarma )

Hardening-promoting measures for wound management
Technique of wound bed preparation for better healing by hardening of loose granulation tissue.

दारुणकोष्ठ-विरेचनव्यापत् ( dāruṇakoṣṭhavirecanavyāpat )

Condition caused by purgation therapy administered to person with costive bowel habit
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: pain in precordium/cardiac region; breaking type of pain in small joints; borborygmi with distension; generalized body aches; vomiting; syncope or swooning; exhaustion without exertion; death of the patient.

दार्ढ्यम् ( dārḍhyam )

Firmness
A normal function of kapha. It signifies hardness, fixedness, stability and strength.

दालनः ( dālanaḥ )

Cracked tooth with A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs severe pain, odontalgia and symptoms: badly broken teeth; severe pain; tolerant of heat; pain worsening with cold substances; breaking pain; splitting type of toothache.

दाहः ( dāhaḥ )

Burning sensation
A disorder characterized by warmth amounting to a burning sensation.

दिनचर्या ( dinacaryā )

Daily routine
A term covering activities related to diet, lifestyle, work and recreation from the time an individual wakes up through to sleep: it is prescribed in accordance with natural diurnal rhythms and their impact on the human body and mind based on the person’s age, place of habitation and seasonal cycle.

दिनपाकि-अजीर्णम् ( dinapāki-ajīrṇam )

Indigestion, when food takes a full day to get digested

दिशः ( diśaḥ )

Direction
The points of the compass, cardinal and ordinal directions, bearing points.

दीपनम् ( Dīpanam, )

Capacitating mercury to amalgamate other entities

दीपनम् ( dīpanam )

Stimulating digestive fire or appetizing action
A therapeutic action which kindles digestive fire without directly acting on the products of incomplete digestion, transformation or metabolism (ama). It also denotes the procedure for preparing mercury to amalgamate other substances.

दीप्तः ( dīptaḥ )

Burning sensation in nose, acute catarrhal rhinitis
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a severe burning sensation in the nose; air expired from the nose feeling like smoke; sensation as if entire nose is on fire; external part of nose feeling burnt; internal part of nose feeling burnt; tenderness/inability to tolerate touch.

दीर्घमायुः ( dīrghamāyuḥ )

Longevity
One of the beneficial effects of rejuvenation is to increase the lifespan.

दुःखम् ( duḥkham )

Sorrow, pain
An unfavourable perception including unhappiness, sorrow and grief; the opposite of pleasure.

दुःखवर्धनः ( duḥkhavardhanaḥ )

Traumatic lobulitis due to improper ear piercing
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a swelling of the ear lobe with itching; swelling of ear lobe with burning sensation; swelling of ear lobe associated with pain; swelling of ear lobe with suppurating tendency.

दुःखायुः ( duḥkhāyuḥ )

Poor quality of life
A lifestyle characterized by a low quotient of happiness.

दुग्धपाषाणम् ( dugdhapāṣāṇam )

Talc
Hydrated magnesium silicate. Duly processed dugdhapashana is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations.

दुर्दग्धम् ( durdagdham )

Improper burn
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: blister; severe sucking pain; severe burning sensation; severe redness; severe inflammation; pain which takes a long time to subside.

दुष्टप्रतिश्यायः ( duṣṭapratiśyāyaḥ )

Chronic and recurring rhinitis
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: moistening of the nose; dryness of nose; intermittent nasal blockage; intermittent clearing of nose; bad breath; inability to perceive smell; afflicting all sensory organs; diminution of agni; fever; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; cough; pain in chest region; pain in sides of chest/ flanks; intermittent relapses without apparent reason; halitosis; oedema; intermittent clearing and obstruction of nose; discharge of thickened mucus resembling pus; blackish or reddish-tinged thick mucus discharge; manifestation of long thread-like worms; manifestation of unctuous-looking worms; manifestation of whitish worms; manifestation of minute worms.

दुष्टरक्तस्तंभनम् ( duṣṭaraktastaṃbhanam )

Condition due to arresting blood vitiated by dosha
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: bleeding disorders; fever; thirst; diminution of agni; loss of taste; clinical features of kāmalā; swelling; anal pain; pain in groin region; itching; redness; wheal-like skin eruptions; papules/eruptions; skin diseases; clinical features of pāṇḍu; obstruction to passage of flatus; obstruction to passage of urine; retention/obstruction to passage of faeces; headache; sensation of being covered with a wet cloth; heaviness of body; other diseases of rakta origin.

दुष्टव्रणः ( duṣṭavraṇaḥ )

Septic nonhealing ulcer
An ulcer characterized by putrid discharge mixed with blood; pus discharge mixed with blood; excessively vitiated bloody discharge; deep-rooted ulcer; chronic ulcer; offensive putrid odour; every feature contrasting with a clean wound; minuscule wound opening; very broad wound opening; very hard on palpation; very soft; raised wound; deep-based wound; excessively cold wound; excessively hot wound; wound coloured other than black; red; yellow or white; gruesome-looking; wound raised like a fleshy protuberance; filled with putrid pus; filled with flesh; filled with sinew; filled with numerous blood vessels; disagreeable-looking; disagreeable smell; excessive pain; excessive burning sensation; excessive suppuration; excessive redness; excessive itching; excessive swelling; impure blood discharge; not healing for a long time; deviating from the normal direction.

दुष्टशुक्रम् ( duṣṭaśukram )

Morbidities of semen
Qualitative and quantitative morbidities of the semen.

दूषीविष-लूतादष्टः ( dūṣīviṣa-lūtādaṣṭaḥ )

Slow, chronic spider poisoning
Poisoning characterized by loose stools; change in normal complexion; foul odour from mouth; altered taste in mouth; thirst; syncope or swooning; vomiting; stuttering/ stammmering; sadness/depression; abdominal distension due to vitiated tridosha; loss of hair from all parts of body; sense of intoxication after meal; indigestion; loss of taste; circular eruptions; wheal-like skin eruptions; confusion/delirium; diminution of dhātu/emaciation; pedal oedema; swelling of hands; swelling of mouth; clinical features of ascites; diarrhoea; discoloration; clinical features of intermittent fever; excessive thirst; psychosis; borborygmi with distension; loss of bodily secretions; stuttering/stammmering; skin diseases; red coloration; clinical features resembling psoriasis; oedema; pallor; haemorrhoids; extreme wasting of muscles/diminution of muscle mass; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; abdominal swelling; fever; leads to death; the poison becomes less potent following treatment but not eliminated from the system.

दूषीविषः/कृत्रिमविषः ( Dūṣīviṣaḥ/ kṛtrimaviṣaḥ )

Cumulative poisoning with mild effect over time
Poisoning characterized by loose stools; change in normal complexion; foul odour from mouth; altered taste in mouth; thirst; syncope or swooning; vomiting; stuttering/stammering; sadness/depression; abdominal distension due to vitiated tridosha; loss of hair from all parts of body; sense of intoxication after meal; indigestion; loss of taste; circular eruptions; wheal-like skin eruptions; confusion/delirium; diminution of dhātu/emaciation; pedal oedema; swelling in hands; swelling of mouth; clinical features of ascites; diarrhoea; discoloration; clinical features of intermittent fever; excessive thirst; psychosis; borborygmi with distension; loss of bodily secretions; skin diseases; red coloration; clinical features resembling psoriasis; oedema; pallor; haemorrhoids; extreme wasting of muscles/diminution of muscle mass; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; abdominal swelling; fever; leading to death; the poison becomes less potent following treatment but not eliminated from the system.

दूष्यम् ( dūṣyam )

A bodily structure which can be vitiated by aggravated doṣa

दृक्प्रसादनम् ( dṛkprasādanam )

Substance clearing vision

दृष्टिगोलकः, नयन​-बुद्बुदः, अक्षि गोलकम् , अक्षि गोलकत्वक् ( dṛṣṭi-golakaḥ, nayanabudbudaḥ, akṣi-golakam, akṣigolakatvak )

Eyeball

दृष्टिमण्डलम्, दृष्टिः ( dṛṣṭi-maṇḍalam, dṛṣṭiḥ )

Pupil

देवोन्मादः/देवशत्रुजुष्टोन्मादः ( devonmādaḥ/ devaśatrujuṣṭonmādaḥ )

Psychosis making a person behave like a demigod
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: seriousness/profundity; indomitability; not getting angry; insomnia/sleeplessness; aversion to food/ meals; scanty sweating; oliguria; reduced quantity of stool; reduced quantity of flatus; auspicious fragrance; face resembling a completely developed lotus flower; contentment/ satisfaction; purity of body; thought; words and deeds; smelling strongly of a divine fragrance of flowers; alert; speaking truthfully; conversing in Sanskrit; glowing radiantly; steady/stable eyes; delivering blessings; respectful of Brahmina.

देशः ( deśaḥ )

Habitat
Land, habitat or environment; it may designate body parts as well as geographical regions.

देशः, अङ्ग-प्रदेशः ( deśaḥ, aṅga-pradeśaḥ. )

Body region

दैर्घ्यम् / पाय्यमानम् ( dairghyam / pāyyamānam )

Measurements of distance or length

दैवबलप्रवृत्तरोगः ( daivabalapravṛttarogaḥ )

Diseases occurring by chance, beyond human control
Diseases, conditions and events that, in the absence of any apparent cause are believed to be of supernatural origin: they include those subsequent to natural calamities such as floods, cyclones, thunder, epidemics and pandemics.

दैवव्यपाश्रयचिकित्सा, दैवीचिकित्सा ( daivavyapāśrayacikitsā, daivīcikitsā )

Therapeutic rituals
One of the treatment classifications: spiritual therapies include the incantation of mantra, talismans, wearing gems, auspicious offerings, gifts, oblations, atonements, fasting and pilgrimage.

दोलायन्त्रम् ( dolāyantram )

Apparatus used for purifying substances by sudation or steaming

दोलाशयनसंस्कारः ( dolāśayanasaṁskāraḥ )

Cradling ceremony
A ceremony in which the child is placed in a cradle for the first time; usually done on the 12th or 13th day following birth.

दोषः ( doṣaḥ )

Dosha
The regulatory functional factors of the body formed by the synchronized interplay between the five basic elements within any living system.

दोष-प्रशमनम् ( doṣa-praśamanam )

Pacifying vitiated dosha

दोषगतिः ( doṣagatiḥ )

Movement of dosha
When it is not physiological, the movement of dosha within the body is a pathogenic mechanism which results in the manifestation of disease in different tracts.

दोषघ्नलेपः ( doṣaghnalepaḥ )

External application of dosha-alleviating paste
A type of ointment or lepa which alleviates doṣa.

दोषप्रकृति ( doṣaprakṛti )

Body constitution with a predominance of dosha
Body constitution with a predominance of dosha (doshaprakriti) is a result of the baseline state of the doshas of sperm (shukra) and ovum (shonita) at the time of conception. Doshaprakriti is unique to each individual. It is immutable and does not change during a lifespan.

दोषबलप्रवृत्तरोगः ( doṣabalapravṛttarogaḥ )

Disorders resulting from dosha imbalance
Diseases that manifest in the living system due to vitiation of body humours such as fever and bleeding disorders.

दोषवैषम्यम् ( doṣavaiṣamyam )

Derangement of dosha

दोषहेतुः ( doṣahetuḥ )

Causes which aggravate dosha
Causes which aggravate dosha irrespective of the disease.

दोषहेतुः ( doṣahetuḥ )

Vitiated dosha as a cause of disease
Seasonal variations leading to natural accumulation and aggravation of the dosha.

दोषावसेचनम् ( doṣāvasecanam )

Procedure to eliminate morbid dosha from body
Also a synonym of cleansing therapy.

दोषावस्था ( doṣāvasthā )

State of dosha

दोषोपक्रमः ( doṣopakramaḥ )

Dosha-specific therapeutic measure
A therapeutic measure or set of therapies with characteristics or properties which are antagonistic to specific dosha.

दौहृदापचारकृतरोगः ( dauhṛdāpacārakṛtarogaḥ )

Diseases due to neglect of maternal cravings
Congenital clinical conditions resulting from non-fulfilment of maternal cravings during pregnancy.

द्रवः ( dravaḥ )

Fluidity, liquidness
The quality of a substance which is responsible for fluidity.

द्रवस्वेदः ( dravasvedaḥ )

Sweating induced by warm liquid
The procedure of achieving sudation by applying a warm liquid.

द्रव्य-विशेषः ( dravya-viśeṣaḥ )

Dissimilarity at the level of substance
A substance which on consumption or usage may lead to a decrease in a specific element or attribute in the living system.

द्रव्य-सामान्यम् ( dravya-sāmānyam )

Similarity at the level of substance
Substance is the substratum of qualities and actions and the material cause of all composite things. This term denotes the similarity between substances, e.g. flesh to replenish and nourish muscle tissue.

द्रव्य, औषध ( dravya, auṣadha )

Materials for treatment
The material employed for treatment is expected to have the following qualities: utility in various dosage forms (bahukalpa), multitude of therapeutic qualities (bahuguna), wholesome nature (sampanna) and applicable in various contexts (yogyam).

द्रव्यगुण विज्ञानम् ( dravyaguṇavignanam )

Ayurvedic pharmacology

द्रव्यभूतचिकित्सा ( dravyabhūtacikitsā )

Treatment using material substances
Treatment with substances having physical form such as herbs or minerals.

द्रव्यम् ( dravyam )

Substance

द्रव्यम् ( dravyam )

Substance, entity
Matter.

द्रष्टा ( draṣṭā )

Observer, witness of all actions
Synonym of the term atma.

द्रोणः ( droṇaḥ )

Measure of weight approximately equal to 12 kg and 288 g
Measure of weight equal to 1024 karsha or 4 adhaka.

द्रोणी/वाहि ( droṇī /vāhi )

Measure of weight approximately equal to 49 kg and 152 g
Measure of weight equal to 4096 karsha or 2 shurpa.

द्वन्द्वज-अर्शः ( dvandvaja-arśaḥ )

Haemorrhoids due to any two vitiated dosha
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: anal sprouts resembling Indian fig tree shoots; haemorrhoidal mass resembling gunja or coral; clinical features of pitta type of arśa; pressed by hard faeces; excessive bleeding; severely vitiated blood discharge; frequent bleeding; features similar to those of paittik; haemorrhoidal mass resembling banyan tree sprouts; sudden discharge of excessively vitiated and hot blood; suffering from various diseases due to blood loss; resembling a frog; dull complexion; loss of energy; loss of drive; loss of vitality; depressed sensory organs.

द्वन्द्वज-शोफः ( dvandvaja-śophaḥ )

Oedema due to any two vitiated dosha

द्वन्द्वजगुल्मः ( dvandvajagulmaḥ )

Lumps or growths due to any two vitiated dosha
A disorder characterized by the clinical features of mixed dosha.

द्वन्द्वजविस्फोटकः ( dvandvajavisphoṭakaḥ )

Bullous eruptions due to any two vitiated dosha

द्वन्द्वजशूलः ( dvandvajaśūlaḥ )

Abdominal colic due to any two vitiated dosha

द्वितीय-पटलगतदोषः ( dvitīya-paṭalagatadoṣaḥ )

Disorder affecting second layer of eye
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: severe impaired vision; pseudovisulization of flies; pseudovisualization of mosquitoes; pseudovisualization of hairs; pseudovisualization of webs; pseudovisualization of circles; pseudovisualization of flags; pseudovisulization of mirages; pseudovisualization of earrings; seeing various celestial objects in motion; visulization of rain and cloud; seeing darkness; distant objects appearing nearer; near objects appearing farther away; inability to locate a needle’s eye even with great effort; visulazation of nonexistent things; seeing actual objects with difficulty and only by going close to them; inability to see distant or minute objects.

द्वितीयमासगर्भः ( dvitīyamāsa-garbhaḥ )

Second month of pregnancy
This month is characterized by the embryo taking on a compact form; round mass (male); elongated muscle shape (female).

द्विरर्बुदः ( dvirarbudaḥ )

Proliferative tumour
Development of a new tumour in the body while another one persists or simultaneous development of more than one tumour lesion.

द्विरे ता ( dviretā )

Hermaphrodite or intersex
The presence of abnormal male and female sexual characteristics.

द्विविध-मानसिक-रोगः ( dvividha-mānasika-rogaḥ )

Two types of psychological disease
Diseases which affect the psyche can be classified as either agitative, reactive (rajasika) or inertia-prone conditions (tamasika).

द्विविधहेतुः ( dvividhahetuḥ )

Two types of etiological factors
Twofold type of etiological factors based on discriminating the factors etiological factor which directly causes a disease or condition which acts as an additional factor in its manifestation.

द्विविधोपक्रमः ( dvividhopakramaḥ )

Two-fold therapeutic protocol
Therapeutic protocols can be broadly classified into two: nourishing therapy and depleting therapy.

द्वेषः ( dveṣaḥ )

Aversion
The opposite of desire. The Sanskrit term dvesha, also denotes a suppressible urge.

धमनी ( Dhamanī )

Artery
A pulsatile conduit. Blood vessels which pulsate in synchrony with the heartbeat.

धमनीगत-शल्यः ( dhamanīgata-śalyaḥ )

Foreign body in the arteries
A disorder due to presence of foreign body in the arteries; characterized by foamy/frothy bleeding; expulsion of vayu with sounds; generalized body aches; thirst; nausea.

धमनीमर्म ( dhamanīmarma )

Vulnerable location(s) in which the main structural component is pulsating vessels
Marma where pulsating vessels are structurally prominent.

धातुः ( dhātuḥ )

Fundamental structural The seven fundamental structural components of the body, component which are formed from digested food. They provide nourishment and support to the body. They are primary circulating nutrient fluid (rasa), blood (rakta), muscle (mamsa), fat (medas), bone (asthi), bone marrow (majja) and semen (sukra). The Sanskrit term dhatu also denotes group of metallic ingredients for medicinal usage.

धातुः ( dhātuḥ )

Metal
Group of metallic ingredients for medicinal usage. The Sanskrit term dhatu also denotes fundamental structural components of the body.

धातु-प्रदूषणम् ( dhātu-pradūṣaṇam )

Disrupting normalcy of fundamental structural components

धातु-विषः ( dhātu-viṣaḥ )

Poisonous minerals
Poisoning characterized by precordial pain/cardiac pain; syncope or swooning; burning sensation in palate.

धातुक्षयजदाहः ( dhātukṣayajadāhaḥ )

Generalized burning sensation due to diminution of structural components
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: diminished activities; weak and feeble voice; thirst; excessive distress; syncope or swooning; malaise.

धातुगत-दूषीविषम् ( dhātugata-dūṣīviṣam )

Cumulative poisoning with mild effect over time, poison lodged in the tissues
Poisoning characterized by ailments due to involvement of fundamental structural components, e.g. when poison is associated with primary circulating nutrient fluid (rasa) there will be aversion to food/anorexia.

धातुमलः ( dhātumalaḥ )

Metabolic waste
The waste products of metabolism.

धातुवैषम्यम् ( dhātuvaiṣamyam )

Derangement of structural components

धातुसाम्यम् ( dhātusāmyam )

Equilibrium of fundamental structural components
Equilibrium of fundamental structural components is indicated by the absence or alleviation of disorder. Criteria for equilibrium of fundamental structural components include alleviation of disorder, normalcy of voice and complexion, development of the body, increase in strength, desire for food, proper and timely digestion of the food taken, timely sleep, elimination of urine, faeces and semen and overall normalcy of mind, intellect and senses.

धात्री ( dhātrī )

Wet nurse, nursing mother
The baby’s biological mother or wet nurse who is able to provide the child with breast milk.

धात्वग्नि (रसाग्निः, रक्ताग्निः, मांसाग्निः, मेदो अग्निः, अस्थ्यग्निः, मज्जाधात्वग्निः, शुक्रधात्वग्निः) ( dhātvagniḥ [rasāgni, raktāgni, māṃsāgni, medo-agni, asthyagni, majjādhātvagniḥ, śukradhātvagniḥ] )

Transformative factors at structural component level which governs the transformation of one fundamental structural component into another: i.e. primary circulating nutrient metabolic factors, blood metabolic factors, muscle metabolic factors, fat metabolic factors, bone metabolic factors, bonemarrow metabolic factors, semen and reproductive tissue metabolic factors.
Metabolic factors located in structural components

धान्याम्लधारा ( dhānyāmladhārā )

Pouring of sour fermented and husked grain gruel
A technique in which a fermented sour liquid prepared from a gruel of husked grains (dhānyāmla) is poured in a stream all over the body to achieve fomentation.

धारणम् ( dhāraṇam )

Holding
Signifies holding, carrying, preserving, protecting and possessing, which are common functions of all structural components. It underlines the importance of the fundamental structural component in holding the body and thereby life together and is also the specific function of bone, which supports other fundamental structural components by providing form and structure to the body.

धारणीयवेगः ( dhāraṇīya-vegaḥ )

Suppressible urges
Emotions or thoughts which need to be expressed carefully or even suppressed or discouraged owing to the undersirable consequences of their expression, e.g. the urge to engage in adventures, extreme activities of the psyche (greed, grief, fear, anger, egoism, shamelessness/impudence, jealousy, excessive affliction and desire to acquire someone else’s wealth); speech (harsh words, excessive talking, gossip intended to harm others or backbiting, lying and untimely discourse) and body (physical actions intended to trouble others, excessive indulgence in sex, stealing and forms of violence including persecution).

धारम् ( dhāram )

Fall water
A type of water which originates from waterfalls in the mountains.

धीः ( dhīḥ )

Intellect
Understanding, intelligence or wisdom.

धूपनम्, धूप ( dhūpanam/dhūpa )

Fumigation

धूमः/धूमपानम् (व्रणचिकित्सा) ( dhūmaḥ/ dhūmapānam (vraṇacikitsā)

Therapeutic smoking for wound management
Therapeutic inhalation of medicated smoke.

धूमदर्शी/धूमरः ( dhūmadarśī/ dhūmaraḥ )

Haziness of vision
A disorder characterized by seeing everything as if covered with smoke; eyes appearing dirty with cloudy appearance.

धूमनस्यम् ( dhūmanasyam )

Intranasal therapy with medicated smoke
Administration of medicated smoke via the intranasal route.

धूमपान-अतियोगः ( dhūmapāna-atiyogaḥ )

Condition due to excess application or overuse of application of medicated smoke therapy
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: dryness of palate; feeling of dryness of head; dryness of throat; hotness in the palate; hotness of head; hotness of throat; thirst; confusion/delirium; profuse bleeding; severe giddiness or dizziness; syncope or swooning; impairment of sense organ functioning; giddiness or dizziness; intoxication; constant. sound in the ear; diseases of the eyes; diseases of the nose; weakness; fever; affliction of sense organs; inflammation of the palate; smoky/fuming sensation; vomiting; death.

धूमपान-अपचारः ( dhūmapāna-apacāraḥ )

Condition due to improper application of medicated smoke

धूमपान-अयोगः ( dhūmapāna-ayogaḥ )

Condition due to suboptimal application of medicated smoke therapy
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: an unclear voice; throat filled with mucus or kapha; sensation of head being wrapped in a wet cloth; disease not pacified.

धूमपानमिथ्यायोगः ( dhūmapānamithyāyogaḥ )

Condition due to improper application of medicated smoke therapy
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: deafness/hearing impairment; blindness; dumbness/aphasia; bleeding disorder; giddiness; thirst; syncope or swooning; intoxication; confusion/delirium.

धूमपानम् ( dhūmapānam )

Medicated smoking
The inhalation of medicated smoke through the nose, exhaling through the mouth.

धूमम् (विषोपक्रमः) ( dhūmam (viṣopakramaḥ) )

Fumigation for detoxification
Neutralizing the toxic effects of poison by fumigating the bite site: fumigation is performed by inhaling through the nostrils and exhaling through the mouth.

धृतिः ( dhṛtiḥ )

Ability to control impulses
The controlling or stable intellect, the ability to restrain or resolve impulsive behaviour.

ध्यानम् ( dhyānam )

Contemplation
The act of meditating or contemplating a chosen object, a form of focused thinking in which mind and body function as a harmonious whole.

ध्वजभङ्गजन्यक्लैब्यम् ( dhvajabhaṅgajanyaklaibyam )

Erectile dysfunction
Impotency owing to erectile dysfunction.

नकुलान्ध्यम् ( nakulāndhyam )

Maculopathy
A disorder characterized by eyes shining like a mangoose’s; seeing objects with variegated colours during daytime; inability to see objects in variegated colours at night.

नखः, करजः ( nakhaḥ, karajaḥ )

Nail

नखमांसम् ( nakha-māṃsam )

Nail bed

नखशस्त्रम् ( nakhaśastram )

Nail parer
A sharp instrument used to pare nails.

नखसन्धिः ( nakha-sandhiḥ )

Nail root and fold

नपुंसकत्वम् ( napuMsakatvam )

Eunuch
A sterile person who is neither completely female nor male.

नरषण्डः ( naraṣaṇḍaḥ )

Sterile male
A person assigned male gender at birth with scanty semen and no sexual desire or pleasure: such a person tends to be feminine in both physical and psychological aspects, and to produce defective sperm.

नरसारः/नवसादरः ( narasāraḥ/navasādaraḥ )

Ammonium chloride
Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl). Duly processed narasara for medicinal usage is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral formulations.

नलकास्थि ( nalakāsthi )

Long bone

नवगुड-अत्युपयोगः ( navaguḍa-atyupayogaḥ )

Disorder due to excessive intake of fresh jaggery

नवजातः ( navajāta )

Neonate
The infant up to 28 days after birth.

नवज्वर पाण्डुरोग कामला प्रमेहिणां अनुवासनस्य व्यापदः ( navajvara pāṇḍuroga kāmalā pramehiṇāM anuvāsanasya vyāpadaḥ )

Condition caused by A condition characterized by abdominal enlargement and medicated oily enema clinical features of ascites. administered to person with fever of recent origin.

नवज्वरि-विरेचनव्यापत् ( navajvari-virecanavyāpat )

Condition caused by purgation therapy administered to person with fever of recent origin
A condition characterized by immature or undigested dosha not being eliminated; aggravation of vata.

नवज्वरे शोकेनस्य व्यापदः ( navajvare śoke nasya vyāpadaḥ )

Condition due to inhalation therapy administered to person with fever of recent onset and grief
A condition characterized by errors of refraction/partial blindness; aggravation of fever.

नवप्रतिश्यायर्तस्य नस्य व्यापदः ( navapratiśyāyartasya nasya vyāpadaḥ )

Condition due to inhalation therapy administered to person with coryza of recent origin
A condition characterized by morbidity of circulation channels.

नस्यकर्मचिकित्सापचारः ( nasyakarmacikitsāpacāraḥ )

Condition due to improper errhine therapy

नस्यमिथ्यायोगः / शिरोविरेचनमिथ्यायोगः/ नस्यव्यापत् ( nasyamithyāyogaḥ/ śirovirecanamithyāyogaḥ/ nasyavyāpat )

Condition due to improper administration of inhalation therapy

नस्यम् (विषोपक्रमः) ( nasyam (viṣopakramaḥ)

Nasal medication for detoxification
Using a nasal medication to revive an unconscious patient and extract a poison located in the head.

नस्यम् (व्रणचिकित्सा) ( Nasyam (vraṇacikitsā) )

Intranasal medication for wound management
Intranasal administration of medication specifically for wound management.

नस्यम्/नस्तम् ( nasyam/ nastam )

Intranasal administration
A procedure in which medicine either in liquid or powder form is administered through the nose.

नस्यातियोगः ( nasyātiyogaḥ )

Condition due to excessive administration of errhine therapy

नस्यायोगः ( nasyāyogaḥ )

Condition due to inappropriate administration of errhine therapy

नागपाषाणम् ( nāgapāṣāṇam )

Serpentine
Magnesium silicate. Duly processed nagapashana is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations.

नागम् ( nāgam )

Lead
Pb (Plumbum). Duly processed naga is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations.

नाडीयन्त्रम् ( nāḍīyantram )

Tubular, scopic instruments
Tubular or scopic instrument with an opening at one end or both ends used for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.

नाडीव्रणः ( nāḍīvraṇaḥ )

Deep ulcer with fisula formation
A wound characterized by an excessive flow of pus; appearance of pus via a tubular pathway in vrana; discharge appearing from a tube. When a suppurated abscess goes untreated, pus accumulates in the affected area and enters skin, with muscle and blood tissues forming a tract owing to vitiated tridosha or each dosha separately.

नाडीस्वेदः ( nāḍīsvedaḥ )

Sweating induced by steam directed from hose
A type of sudation therapy in which diaphoresis of specific parts of the body is achieved by focused application of steam by means of tube.

नादेय-उदकम् ( nādeya-udakam )

River water
Water obtained from rivers and streams.

नानात्मजविकार ( nānātmajavikāra )

Disease caused exclusively by one dosha
A group of diseases or conditions which are the unique expression of a particular dosha without the involvement of any other dosha.

नाभिः ( nābhiḥ )

Umbilicus

नाभिकल्पनविधिः ( nābhikalpanavidhih )

Cutting the umbilical cord
A standardized technique for cutting the umbilical cord and caring for the umbilical stump.

नाभिनाडी, गर्भनाभिनाडी ( nābhināḍī, garbhanābhināḍī )

Umbilical cord

नाभिनालपतनम् ( nābhinālapatanam )

Detachmentof umbilical cord
The time at which the dried umbilical cord stump falls off after the fifth day following birth.

नाभिप्रदेशः ( nābhipradeśaḥ )

Umbilical region

नाभिबन्धनम् ( nābhibandhanam )

Fetal attachment of umbilical cord

नाभिमण्डलम् ( nābhimaṇḍalam )

Round area of umbilicus

नामकरणसंस्कारः ( nāmakaraṇasaṁskāraḥ )

Naming ceremony
A naming ceremony usually performed on or after the 10th day following birth.

नारीषण्डः ( nārīṣaṇḍaḥ )

Sterile female
A person assigned female gender at birth, with scanty ova and no sexual desire or pleasure: such a person tends to have masculine features and to produce weak ova.

नावनम् ( nāvanam )

Medication of unctuous substance through nose
A type of nasya in which drops of medicated unctuous substance are used to medicate the nose.

नासा-अतिदग्धः ( nāsā-atidagdhaḥ )

Condition due to excessive cautery of nose

नासाक्षिसन्धिः ( nāsākṣi-sandhiḥ )

Inner canthus

नासाग्रम्, अग्रनासिका ( nāsāgram, agranāsikā )

Tip of the nose

नासातरुणास्थि ( nāsātaruṇāsthi )

Cartilage of the nose

नासानाडी ( nāsānāḍī )

External aperture of the nose

नासापुटबहिर्भागः ( nāsāpuṭa-bahirbhāgaḥ )

Ala of nose

नासापुटम् ( nāsāpuṭam )

Cavity of the nose

नासारन्ध्रम्, नासाविवरम् ( nāsārandhram, nāsāvivaram )

Nostril

नासारोगः ( nāsārogaḥ )

Disorders of nose and paranasal sinuses

नासारोगचिकित्सा ( nāsārogacikitsā )

Management of diseases of nose
Treatment of diseases related to the nose and paranasal regions.

नासार्बुदः ( nāsārbudaḥ )

Nasal tumour
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a circular swelling over the muscles; fixed circular swelling; mild pain; large in size; broad-based; slow growing; nonsuppurating; obstructing the nasal pathway.

नासार्शः ( nāsārśaḥ )

Nasal polyp
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: cold catarrh; excessive sneezing; difficulty in breathing; pus discharge from nose; nasal twang in speech; headache.

नासावंशः, नासास्थिदण्डः ( nāsāvaṃśaḥ, nāsāsthidaṇḍaḥ )

Bridge of the nose

नासाशोषः ( nāsāśoṣaḥ )

Excessive dryness of nasal mucosa
A disorder characterized by excessive dryness of the nose; inspiration and expiration with difficulty; feeling as if nose obstructed with śuka.

नासासन्धानविधिः ( nāsāsandhānavidhiḥ )

Rhinoplasty
The surgical procedure of reconstructing an injured or cut nose.

नासास्रोतः ( nāsāsrotaḥ )

Nostril

नासिका, घ्राणः, नासा ( nāsikā, ghrāṇaḥ, nāsā )

Nose

नासिकापुटम् ( nāsikāpuṭam )

Nostril, anterior nares

नासिकामलः ( nāsikāmalaḥ )

Mucus of the nose

निगमनम् ( nigamanam )

Deduction, conclusion
A deduction or conclusive statement; the final step of inference when affirming a proposed hypothesis.

निग्रहस्थानम् ( nigrahasthānam )

Point of defeat
Behaviour indicating that the opponent has reached the end of their argument and can no longer defend the stated viewpoint.

निघण्टुः ( nighaṇṭuḥ )

Materia medica
A glossary setting out synonyms, as well as the properties, names and actions of drugs, plants, minerals or other substances administered either as food or medicines to the human body.

निजव्रणः ( nijavraṇaḥ )

Ulcer due to endogenous factors
An ulcer developing due to endogenous factors, i.e. vitiation of dosha.

नित्यम् ( nityam )

Eternal
Everlasting, interminable, constant.

निदर्शनम् ( nidarśanam )

Illustrative statement
An explanatory statement which develops subject matter by means of an example.

निदानपञ्चकः ( nidānapañcakaḥ )

Five diagnostic criteria
The fivefold factors that help in the understanding and diagnosis of a disease, including its etiology, prodromal symptoms, signs and symptoms, pathogenesis and aggravating and relieving factors.

निदानपरिवर्जनम् ( nidānaparivarjanam )

Avoidance of etiological factors
A prerequisite for the cure and prevention of recurrent disease.

निदानम्; हेतुः; निमित्तम्; आयतनम्; कर्ता; कारणम्; प्रत्ययम्; समुत्थानम्. ( nidānam; hetuḥ; nimittam; āyatanam kartā; kāraṇam; pratyayam; samutthānam. )

Etiology
Etiology generally denotes understanding the causative factor and expression of morbidity. Ayurveda uses several terms as synonyms for etiology, based on the different perspectives under which etiology is understood: The factors directly or indirectly implicated in the etiology of a disease; Etiological factor; Indicative factor; Abode of the causative factor; Agent; Primary cause; Causative setting, conducive factor; Factors augmenting the pathology.

निदानार्थकररोग ( nidānārthakararoga )

Disease caused by another disease
A primary disease or condition that serves as the etiology for another disease and continues to exist in its original form.

निद्रा ( nidrā )

Sleep

निद्रा-वैषम्यम् ( nidrā-vaiṣamyam )

Disorders due to improper sleep

निद्रानाशः/अस्वप्नः ( nidrānāśaḥ/ asvapnaḥ )

Disorder due to loss of sleep, insomnia

निद्रावेगरोधः ( nidrāvegarodhaḥ )

Disorder due to withholding of sleep
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: yawning; generalized body aches; drowsiness/lassitude; diseases of head; heaviness of eyes; rigidity/stiffness of body; heaviness of head; confusion/ delirium; lethargy.

निन्दितशलाका ( ninditaśalākā )

Unsuitable probe
An unsuitable probe for management of diseases of the head and neck region.

निबन्धिनी ( nibandhinī )

Connecting structures

निमित्त-कारणम् ( nimitta-kāraṇam )

Efficient cause
This type of cause includes all other factors that are causally relevant to the effect in question. A potter, along with his wheel, rod and tools can be regarded as the “efficient” cause of the effect, a pot. This resembles the cause of the same name in Aristotelianism.

निमित्तजन्य-दृष्टिगतरोगः ( nimittajanyadṛṣṭigatarogaḥ )

Eye disorder with a particular cause
A disorder characterized by features of abhiṣyanda.

निमेषः ( nimeṣaḥ )

Closure of eyelid

निमेषः ( nimeṣaḥ )

Frequent blinking
A disorder characterized by frequent blinking of the eyes; frequent closing and opening of eyes; painless.

नियमः ( niyamaḥ )

Practising auspicious rules
A type of therapeutic ritual: treatment of a disease by following certain rules to cure the ailment.

नियमनम् ( niyamanam )

Modulating or restricting the mobility of mercury

नियोगः/सन्नियोगः ( niyogaḥ/ sanniyogaḥ )

Execution of appropriate action, mandatory instruction
An injunction or statement in the form of a command or order that is to be followed strictly without query or discussion.

निरग्नि-उपनाहस्वेदः ( niragni-upanāhasvedaḥ )

Sweating induced by applying a medicated herbal poultice
A type of sudation therapy in which diaphoresis is achieved by application of a paste which prevents body heat from escaping.

निरग्निस्वेदः ( niragnisvedaḥ )

Sweating induced without application of fire
Sudation procedures which do not rely on the direct or indirect application of fire.

निरामज्वरः ( nirāmaḥ )

Fever devoid- of ama, post-ama stage of fever
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: return of appetite; wasted/dried up/emaciated; feeling of lightness in body parts; lessening of fever/mild fever; passage of excreta; absence of clinical features of āmajvara.

निरामदोषः ( nirāmadoṣaḥ )

Dosha not associated with ama
When ama associated with dosha undergoes depletion, the resultant dosha is termed devoid of ama state; it is still in a vitiated state and has not returned to normal state.

निरामावस्था ( nirāmāvasthā )

Transformative stage devoid of ama pathology
The state when ama is converted either under the effect of time or by therapeutic measures.

निरूहबस्त्ययोगः ( nirūhabastyayogaḥ )

Condition due to inadequate or subnormal administration of evacuative; non-oily decoction enema
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: headache; pain in precordial region/angina pectoris; pain in anal region; pain in urinary bladder or basti; pain in genital region; oedema; cold catarrh; gripping pain; nausea; retention of flatus; obstruction to passage of urine/ retention; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; excessive salivation; precordial discomfort with nausea; feeling of abdominal fullness; aggravation of kapha and pitta; abdominal distension; loss of taste; vomiting; drowsiness/lassitude; sensation of being covered with a wet cloth; diminution of agni; heaviness of body; severe burning sensation; itching; retention of faeces; giddiness or dizziness; papules.

निरूहमिथ्यायोगः ( nirūhamithyāyogaḥ )

Condition of improper administration of medicated non-oily enema

निरूहातियोगः ( nirūhātiyogaḥ )

Condition due to excessively administered evacuative; non-oily enema
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: numbness; generalized body aches; exhaustion without exertion; shivering/tremors; insomnia; debility; feeling of entering into darkness; insanity; hiccups; syncope or swooning; rectal prolapse; excessive elimination of kapha; onset of colicky pain; watery discharge without dosha; blood tinged watery discharge; watery discharge resembling fatty meat washings; watery discharge resembling raw meat washings; shiny watery discharge resembling fat; oil or water mixed with fatty substances; blackish watery discharge; whitish watery discharge; thirst; agravates vata; giddiness or dizziness; protruding eyes.

निर्घातनकर्म ( nirghātanakarma )

Manual loosening of impacted foreign body
The manual processes for loosening and/or removing an impacted foreign body.

निर्णयः ( nirṇayaḥ )

Decision based on critical analysis
A decisive statement which reaches a conclusion or settles a topic after detailed consideration of all relevant and related facts.

निर्देशः ( nirdeśaḥ )

Detailed description, elaboration of statement
A detailed description of previously listed topics.

निर्ध्मापनकर्म ( nirdhmāpanakarma )

Removal of foreign body by insufflation
The removal of a loosely impacted foreign body by insufflation or blowing of air.

निर्बीजशुक्रम् ( nirbījaśukram )

Azoospermia
The absence of sperm in the semen.

निर्मलीकरणम् ( nirmalīkaraṇam )

Removal of physical impurities

निर्यास-विषः ( niryāsa-viṣaḥ )

Poisonous gums; resins
Poisoning characterized by halitosis; roughness/dryness; headache; secretion of mucus.

निर्वचनम् ( nirvacanam )

Technical definition
An illustrative statement understood only by experts with the specific domain knowledge.

निर्वापणकर्म (व्रणचिकित्सा) ( nirvāpaṇakarma (vraṇacikitsā) )

Application of demulcent for wound management
Application of cooling substances to a wound with a burning sensation.

निर्वापणम्/निमज्जनम् ( nirvāpaṇam/nimajjanam )

Immersion of heated solid in liquid

निर्विकल्पकम् ( nirvikalpakam )

Indeterminate perception
Direct perception, observation without specific details of the cognitive process.

निर्विकारम् ( nirvikāram )

Formless
A quality of soul which is devoid of all bodily and psychological ailments.

निर्वेधिम: ( nirvedhima )

Lobuloplasty type 7
A type of lobuloplasty indicated when both flaps of the divided earlobe are absent upto the root and it is repaired with the tragus as the base.

निवृत्तसन्तापीयरसायनम् ( nivṛttasantāpīyarasāyanam )

Tonics for counteracting A medicine to rebuild the physical and mental faculties effects of disease following their disturbance due to a disease process.

निशि, स्वप्नकालः ( niśi, svapnakālaḥ )

Administration of medicine at night before sleeping

निःश्वासः ( niḥśvāsaḥ )

Inspiration, inhalation

निष्क्रामणसंस्कारः ( niṣkrāmaṇasaṁskāraḥ )

Exposure of a baby to external environment
A ceremony performed in the fourth month in which the child is taken outdoors and exposed to the external environment for the first time.

निष्क्रियः ( niṣkriyaḥ )

Inactive
Inactiveness of atma, indicating its principal quality of performing the duty of being a witness to events.

निष्ठापाकः ( niṣṭhāpākaḥ )

Final phase of digestion
The final phase of action of transformative factors in the gastrointestinal tract on food, which results in the separation of nutrient part and waste product, and the manifestation of post-digestive transformation).

निष्ठापाकः ( niṣṭhāpākaḥ )

Transformation at the level of absorption, assimilation

निष्पीडनम् (विषोपक्रमः) ( niṣpīḍanam (viṣopakramaḥ)

Poison removal by squeezing
Squeezing or applying compression to remove a poison.

निष्फलशुक्रम् ( niṣphalaśukram )

Inactive or dead sperm
Inactive or dead sperm which are insufficient for conception.

नीलमेहः ( nīlamehaḥ )

Polyuria disorder with bluish urine
A disorder characterized by passage of bluish urine; frothy micturition; transparent; sour taste.

नीलम् ( nīlam )

Blue sapphire
Duly processed nilam is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations.

नीला (मर्म) ( nīlā (marma) )

Vulnerable location(s) on either side of the throat
Two in number (one on each side) which when injured leads to difficulty in speech, altered voice and loss of taste sensation.

नीलिका ( nīlikā )

Black patch on face or body part
A disorder characterized by a black-coloured circular lesion on body; black-coloured circular lesion on face; painless circular lesion; thin lesion on body or face.

नेत्रतर्पणम् ( netratarpaṇam )

Therapeutic retention of melted medicated ghee over the eyes
Type of therapeutic procedure which involves retention of the supernatent portion of melted ghee or medicated ghee over the open eyes at a given temperature and for a specific duration, after forming a concentric boundary around the orbit with black gram dough or other preparation.

नेत्रनाडी ( netranāḍī )

Nasolacrimal duct

नेत्ररोगः ( netrarogaḥ )

Eye disorders

नेत्ररोगचिकित्सा ( netrarogacikitsā )

Management of eye diseases
Management of diseases related to the eye.

नेत्रसन्धिः ( netrasandhiḥ )

Anatomical junctions of the eye
A common term used to denote the junctions of the eye.

नेत्र्यम्, चक्षुष्यम् ( netryam, cakṣuṣyam )

Substance promoting health and functioning of the eyes

नेमिसन्धानकः ( nemisandhānakaḥ )

Lobuloplasty type 1
A type of lobuloplasty indicated when both flaps of the divided earlobe are thick, wide and equal.

नैगमेषग्रहः ( naigameṣagrahaḥ )

Syncope, constant fever, tremors due to external invisible factors
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: teeth-grinding/teeth-biting; syncope or swooning; bad odour; frothy vomitus; involuntary bending from abdomen; agitation; crying; upward gaze; constant fever; odour of animal fat; unconsciousness; abdominal distension; shaking of hands; shaking of legs; thirst; clenching of fist; diarrhoea; feeble voice; discoloration; cooing sound; vomiting; cough; hiccups; insomnia; dry throat; dry mouth; sound of hollow cough; biting of lips; contracture of body parts; stiffness; goat-like odour; involuntary upward gaze and laughing; swelling of eye.

नैमित्तिकरसायनम् ( naimittikarasāyanam )

Disease-specific rejuvenation therapy
Rejuvenation therapy which is specific for the treatment of a particular disease.

नैष्ठिकीचिकित्सा ( naiṣṭhikīcikitsā )

Proven or evidencebased clinical protocol for management of a disease
Definitive treatment or permanent remedy to a disease: the term naiṣṭhikīcikitsā is a compound of the two words niṣtha (definitive) and cikitsā (treatment).

न्यच्छः ( nyacchaḥ )

Congenital bluish or black patch on body
A disorder characterized by circular patches on body; largesized patches; small-sized patches; bluish black-coloured patches; blackish-coloured patches; painless patches.

पक्तिः ( paktiḥ )

Metabolic transformation

पक्तिस्थानम् ( paktisthānam )

Place of digestion

पक्वावस्था ( pakvāvasthā )

Ripened stage of dosha
The transformative phase in the course of a disease or wound indicating a post-inflammatory or suppurative condition.

पक्वाशयः, पक्वस्थानम्, पक्वाधानम् ( pakvāśayaḥ, pakvasthānam, pakvādhānam )

Large intestine
The primary functional area of vata dosha.

पक्वाशयगतवातः ( pakvāśayagatavātaḥ )

Aggravation of vata in colon
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: borborygmi/gurgling intestinal sounds; colicky pain in abdomen; dysuria; difficulty in passing stool; borborygmi with distension; pain in sacroiliac region; constipation; urolithiasis; herniation; haemorrhoids; stiffness of sacroiliac region; stiffness of lower back.

पक्वाशयसमुत्थरोगः ( pakvāśayasamuttharogaḥ )

Diseases of the lower gastrointestinal tract
Diseases and conditions which have their origin in the large intestinal tract such as piles and constipation.

पक्वाशयस्थ-दूषीविषम् ( Pakvāśayasthadūṣīviṣam )

Cumulative poisoning with mild effect over time, poison lodged in intestines
Poisoning characterized by vāta pitta disorders; hair loss from head and body; individual resembling a bird with withered wings.

पक्वाशयस्थ-रुधिरः ( pakvāśayastha-rudhiraḥ )

Accumulation of blood in the large intestine due to injury
A disorder characterized by heaviness; heaviness below the umbilicus; bleeding through orifices; pain; coldness; coldness in lower abdomen.

पक्षः ( pakṣaḥ )

Body half in the sagittal plane, limb

पक्षः ( pakṣaḥ )

Subject under investigation
The context in which a cause-and-effect relationship has not been affirmed but is being examined or investigated.

पक्षः ( pakṣaḥ )

Time equivalent to one fortnight
Time equal to half of a lunar month or 15 days.

पक्षाघातः/पक्षवधः ( pakṣāghātaḥ/ pakṣavadhaḥ )

Hemiplegia
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: hemiplegia/hemiparesis; loss of movement/ inability to move; impediment of speech/dysphasia; pain; contraction in a lower limb; contraction in an upper limb; pricking pain; sharp/acute pain; senselessness/ unconsciousness; dislocation of joint/flaccidity; loss of tactile sensation.

पक्ष्म, प्रतिबालः, अक्षिपक्ष्म ( pakṣma, pratibālāḥ, akṣipakṣma )

Eyelashes

पक्ष्मकोपः/पक्ष्मोपरोधः ( pakṣmakopaḥ/ pakṣmoparodhaḥ )

Trichiasis, entropion
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: the development of sharp eyelashes; rough eyelashes; repeated rubbing of eyeball; vitiation of eye; releif on plucking/removal of eyelash; aversion to wind; aversion to sunlight; aversion to fire; constriction/spasm of the eyelids; downward-looking eyebrows; swelling of eyes due to irritation by sharp eyelash tips; burning sensation with sweating and restlessness; loss of eyelashes from their roots; distorted eyelashes; inward-turning eyelashes; redness of black cornea and white sclera.

पक्ष्ममण्डलम् ( pakṣmamaṇḍalam )

Eyelashes

पक्ष्मवर्त्मसन्धिः ( pakṣmavartma-sandhiḥ )

Junction of cilia with lid margin

पक्ष्मशातः ( pakṣmaśātaḥ )

Loss of eyelashes, madarosis
A disorder characterized by itching along the margin of the eyelids; burning in eyelids; loss of eyelashes and burning sensation.

पक्ष्माग्रम् ( pakṣmāgram )

Free ends of eyelashes

पक्ष्माशयः ( pakṣmāśayaḥ )

Roots of eyelashes

पङ्गुः ( paṅguḥ )

Paraplegia

पच्यमानज्वरः ( pacyamānajvaraḥ )

Intermediate stage of fever, phase between ama stage and post-ama stage of fever
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: high-grade fever; thirst; excessive talking/irrelevant speech/incoherent speech; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; giddiness or dizziness; loose stools; nausea/ provocation of dosha.

पच्यमानावस्था ( pacyamānāvasthā )

State of active digestion, and transformation of ama
An intermediary stage of active digestion and transformation of ama leading to the next non-ama state. This can be a state of natural disease progression or may have to be induced by intervention to mitigate the pathology and treat the condition. Physiologically it is the state of active digestion of food in the intestines.

पच्यमानाशयः ( pacyamānāśayaḥ )

Principal part of intestine concerned with food digestion

पञ्चकर्म ( pañcakarma )

Panchakarma
Five internal cleansing therapies, comprising emesis, purgation, decoction enema, unctuous enema and errhine therapy.

पञ्चदशकर्णबन्धाकृति ( pañcadaśakarṇabandhākṛti )

Fifteen shapes or methods of lobuloplasty
Various methods for surgical correction of the earlobe.

पञ्चममासगर्भः ( pañcamamāsa-garbhaḥ )

Fifth month of pregnancy
This month is characterized by excessive increase in foetal fleshiness; an excessive increase in blood; thinning of the pregnant woman; appearance of mind and intellect; consciousness.

पञ्चमहाभूत ( pañcamahābhūta )

Five elements
The five elements (panchamahabhuta) 1. Space (akasha); 2. air (vayu); 3. fire (tejas, agni); 4. water (jalam); and 5. earth (prithvi).

पञ्चाङ्गीबन्धः ( pañcāṅgībandhaḥ )

Five-tailed bandage
A type of five-tailed bandage used in the supraclavicular region.

पञ्चावयव-वाक्यम् ( pañcāvayava-vākyam )

Five-stepped syllogism
A collective term used for deriving intended inference based on five syllogistic steps, namely: proposition/declaration (pratijna), means/reason or cause for obtaining knowledge (hetu), example (drishtanta/audaharaṇa), comparison between proposition and example (upanaya) and establishment of the statement (nigamana).

पटलम्, नेत्रत्वक् ( paṭalam, netratvak )

Layers of the eye

पत्र-विषः ( patra-viṣaḥ )

Poisonous leaves
Poisoning characterized by yawning; convulsive movements of body; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing.

पत्रदानकर्म ( patradānakarma )

Covering the wound with medicinal leaves
A therapeutic procedure in which medicinal leaves are placed on the wound after application of a medicinal paste.

पथ्यम् ( pathyam )

Compatible with health
Dietary and behavioural practices helpful in treating disease or maintaining health. Synonym of treatment.

पथ्यम् ( pathyam )

Wholesome
Dietary items, activities and behavioural regimens that are beneficial for the body channels or systems: these are subject to individual variations.

पदार्थः ( padārthaḥ )

Object denoted by a word
Etymologically “the meaning or referent of a word”, it is applied to any entity that is knowable and nameable, i.e. an object of experience.

पद्मिनीकण्टकः ( padminīkaṇṭakaḥ )

Papules resembling lotus thorns
A disorder characterized by patches with thorny projections; raised circular lesions; associated with itching; thorny projections resembling lotus thorns; painless; whitish projection.

पनसिका ( panasikā )

Abscess in the inner part of the ear
A disorder characterized by a swelling associated with severe pain; nodular swelling over pinna of ear; nodular swelling around the external ear; nodular swelling on posterior surface of pinna; nodule resembling the lotus root; hard nodular swelling; fixed nodular swelling.

परतन्त्र ( paratantra )

Dependant, secondary disease
A secondary or dependant disease or condition that resolves when the primary disease or condition is treated.

परत्वम् ( paratvam )

Relatively superior, nearer the cause
Priority, superiority or greater utility of a substance over the other substances, e.g. in pharmaceutical preparations.

परमदः ( paramadaḥ )

Alcohol intoxication leading to suppression of visceral movements
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: warmth; aggravation of kapha; heaviness of body; absence of any taste in the mouth; retention of faeces; obstruction to passage of urine/retention; drowsiness/ lassitude; loss of taste; thirst; headache; pain in joints.

परादिगुणः ( parādiguṇaḥ )

Qualities beginning with term “paratva”
A group of ten clinical decision criteria commencing with “paratva that support a practitioner in the analytical process of deciding on appropriate interventions.

परामर्शः ( parāmarśaḥ )

Inference based on analogy
The process of drawing an inference based on an analogy.

परार्थानुमानम् ( parārthānumānam )

Inference for others
Obtaining the proof of inference for others.

परिकर्तिका-वमनव्यापत् ( parikartikā-vamanavyāpat )

Condition of scissoring pain in throat region due to faulty emetic therapy
A condition characterized by excruciating sawing pain; accompanied by a slimy and bloody discharge.

परिकर्तिकाबस्तिव्यापत् ( parikartikābastivyāpat )

Signs of sawing pain due to faulty enema therapy
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: pricking pain in lumbar region; pricking pain in groin region; pricking pain in urinary bladder or basti; pain in lower abdomen; constipation; frequent voiding of stool in small quantities.

परिकर्तिकाविरेचनव्यापत् ( parikartikāvirecanavyāpat )

Condition of scissoring pain in anal region due to faulty purgative therapy
A condition characterized by excruciating sawing pain; accompanied by slimy and bloody discharge.

परिघः ( parighaḥ )

Obstructed fetal presentation with fetus in a transverse lie
Abnormal fetal presentation characterized by a fetus in a tranverse lie with obstructed passage.

परिणामः ( pariṇāmaḥ )

Course of development, transformation
One of the three primary causes of a disease owing to the transformative impact of the flow of time.

परिणामशूलः ( pariṇāmaśūlaḥ )

Abdominal colic occurring during digestion of food
A disorder characterized by a burning sensation; fever.

परिदरः ( paridaraḥ )

Bleeding gums
A disorder characterized by decaying of the gums; spitting blood.

परिपोटकः ( paripoṭakaḥ )

Traumatic ear lobule injury
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: cracking of the skin over the swollen ear lobe; blackish swelling in ear lobe; slightly reddish swelling in ear lobe; rigid swelling in ear lobe; painful swelling in ear lobe; eg traumatic lobule injury commonly seen in older children.

परिमाणः ( parimāṇaḥ )

Quantity, measurement
The quality by which the measurement of various substances is possible.

परिम्लायि-लिङ्गनाशः ( parimlāyi-liṅganāśaḥ )

Mature cataract in which only yellow is perceived
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: seeing all directions as yellow; seeing rising sun before eyes; seeing trees as if strewn with many shining fireflies; colour of glowing fire; light blue; circular lesion; yellowish-blue circular patch appearing before eyes; seeing objects as coloured yellow; seeing objects as fire.

परिलेही ( parilehī )

Pustules on ear lobe, epidermoid cyst
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: mustard seed-like eruptions on ear lobe; eruptions associated with itching; manifestation of worms/ organisms in ear lobe; destruction of ear lobe tissue by organisms/worms; mustard seed-like eruptions in ear lobe with burning sensation; mustard seed-like eruptions in ear lobe associated with pain.

परिवर्तिका ( parivartikā )

Paraphimosis
A disorder characterized by the foreskin or prepuce becoming stuck behind the glans penis and hanging underneath like a gland.

परिषेकः (विषोपक्रमः) ( pariṣekaḥ (viṣopakramaḥ) )

Streaming of medicated liquids for detoxification
Continuous pouring or streaming of decoctions to detoxify a bite site or poisoned area.

परिषेककर्म (व्रणचिकित्सा) ( pariṣekakarma (vraṇacikitsā) )

Therapeutic streaming Therapeutic pouring of medicated liquids for wound healing. of medicated liquids for wound management

परिषेकस्वेदः ( pariṣekasvedaḥ )

Sweating induced by streaming a prewarmed liquid
A type of sudation therapy in which diaphoresis is achieved by sprinkling or streaming a prewarmed liquid over a person.

परिस्राव-वमनव्यापत् ( parisrāva-vamanavyāpat )

Condition of exudation of liquid from oral/nasal route due to faulty emetic therapy
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: excessive flow of saliva or kapha; itching; oedema; skin disease; heaviness of body; diminution of agni; diminution of physical strength; sensation of being covered with a wet cloth; loss of taste; pallor.

परिस्रावबस्तिव्यापत् ( parisrāvabastivyāpat )

Condition of excessive discharge due to faulty enema therapy
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: anal inflammation; exudation of blood and pitta of various colours; forceful elimination; continuously resulting in fainting.

परिस्रावविरेचनव्यापत् ( parisrāvavirecanavyāpat )

Condition of exudation of liquid from anal region due to faulty purgative therapy
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: reduced discharge; itching; oedema; skin disease; heaviness of body; diminution of agni; diminution of physical strength; sensation of being covered with a wet cloth; loss of taste; pallor.

परिस्रावीभगन्दरः/ श्लेष्मजभगन्दरः ( parisrāvībhagandaraḥ/ śleṣmajabhagandaraḥ )

Intrasphincteric fistula
A fistula in the anal sphincter tissues characterized by a white-coloured nodule; immovable nodule (with large/fixed base); nodule with itching; suppurating if left untreated; indurated; redness/congestion/inflammation; associated with itching sensation; slimy discharge; continuous discharge; flatus; urine; faeces and semen oozing from openings if left untreated; thick/dense discharge; mild pain.

परिहारः ( parihāraḥ )

Amendment of a faulty statement
Correction of faults or defects revealed in a previous statement.

परिहारकालः ( parihārakālaḥ )

Period of restrictions following major therapies
The defined recovery period after major therapy during which certain regimens are to be followed.

परिहारकाल-व्यापदः/ अपरिहारसेवनम् ( parihārakāla-vyāpadaḥ/ aparihārasevanam )

Condition due to one of the eight impediments during a gap between two key panchakarma procedures

परिहारकाले अजीर्णभोजनम् ( parihārakāle ajīrṇabhojanam )

Condition of indigestion during panchakarma therapy recovery period

परिहारकाले अति-आसनम् ( parihārakāle ati-āsanam )

Condition of prolonged sitting during panchakarma therapy recovery period
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: pain in hips/buttocks; pain in sides of chest/ flanks; pain in groin region; scrotal pain; low back pain; pain in back; weakness of joints; weakness of shoulders; weakness of neck; burning sensation in the limbs; pedal oedema; pedal numbness; tingling sensation in the feet.

परिहारकाले अतिचङ्क्रमणम् ( parihārakāle aticaṅkramaṇam )

Condition of long walk during panchakarma therapy recovery period
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: pain in legs/feet; pain in calf region; pain in thighs; pain in knees; pain in groin region; pain in pelvic region; pain in back; feeling of weakness/fatigue of thighs; pricking pain in legs; claudication/cramp in the calf muscles; generalized body aches; burning sensation in the shoulders/ scapula; pulsatile veins; pulsatile arteries; breathlessness/ difficulty in breathing; cough.

परिहारकाले अहितभोजनम् ( parihārakāle ahitabhojanam )

Condition of unwholesome food and irregular meal during panchakarma therapy recovery periodA condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: an aversion to food; weakness; discoloration; itching; scabies; bodily exhaustion or tiredness; clinical features of grahaṇī; haemorrhoids.

परिहारकाले उच्चभाष्यम् ( parihārakāle uccabhāṣyam )

Condition of loud and excessive speech during panchakarma therapy recovery period
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a burning sensation in the head; pricking pain in temples; pricking pain in ears; deafness; dryness of mouth; dryness of palate; dryness in throat; errors of refraction/partial blindness; thirst; fever; feeling of entering into darkness; lockjaw/catching sensation over jaw; torticollis/stiffness of neck; spitting; pain in chest and sides of neck; pain in sides of chest/flanks; hiccups; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing.

परिहारकाले दिवास्वप्नः ( parihārakāle divāsvapnaḥ )

Condition of midday sleep during panchakarma therapy recovery period
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: loss of taste; indigestion; loss of agni; sensation of being covered with a wet cloth; pallor; itching; scabies; burning sensation; vomiting; generalized body aches; tightness in the precordial region; dullness/frigidity/ inactivity; drowsiness/lassitude; continuous sleep; appearance of nodules; weakness; blood-coloured urine/ haematuria; reddish-coloured eyes; coating on the palate.

परिहारकाले मिथ्याव्यवायः ( parihārakāle mithyāvyavāyaḥ )

Condition of sexual intercourse during panchakarma therapy recovery period

परिहारकाले रथक्षोभः ( parihārakāle rathakṣobhaḥ )

Condition of jolting by conveyance during panchakarma therapy recovery period
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: looseness of the large joints; looseness of small joints; pain in jaw; nasal pain; earache; headache; pricking pain; irritation in the pelvic region; gurgling intestinal sounds/borborygmi; borborygmi/gurgling intestinal sounds; abdominal distension; feeling of obstruction in the precordial region/impairment of cardiac activity/bradycardia; obstruction of sense organ functioning; pain in hips/buttocks; pain in sides of chest/flanks; pain in groin; pain in scrotum; low back pain; pain in back; weakness of joints; weakness of shoulders; weakness of neck; burning sensation in the limbs; pedal oedema; pedal numbness; tingling sensation in the feet.

परीक्षा ( parīkṣā )

Investigation, examination The standard of examination which affirms valid knowledge.

पर्पटी ( parpaṭī )

Thin flakes of wafer

पर्व, अस्थिसन्धयः, अस्थिपर्व ( parva, asthisandhayaḥ, asthiparva )

Articulation, joint
The junction or interface between two bones comprising bone and connective tissue.

पर्वणिका ( parvaṇikā )

Corneal nodules
A disorder characterized by nodules at the sclerocorneal junction; coppery-coloured swelling; thin swelling; swelling with burning sensation; swelling with pain; rounded swelling.

पर्शुका ( parśukā )

Rib

पर्शुकाग्रम् ( parśukāgram )

Anterior end of the rib

पलम् ( palam )

Measure of weight approximately equal to 48 g
Measure of weight equal to 4 karṣaḥ or 2 shukti.

पलितः ( palitaḥ )

Greying of hair
A disorder characterized by hair pattern resembling monkey hairs; greying of hair.

पवनेन्द्रियः ( pavanendriyaḥ )

Azoospermia
Absence of semen or sperms: if such a patient ejaculates no sperm are found in the ejaculate.

पश्चात्-कर्म ( paścāt-karma )

Posttherapy procedures
The variety of procedures which are advised after a major therapeutic procedure in order to return a person to normalcy.

पश्चाद्भक्तः, अधोभक्तः, भोजनोत्तरम् ( aścādpbhaktaḥ, adhobhaktaḥ, bhojanottaram )

Administration of medicine after a meal

पश्चिमहानव्यदन्तः ( paścimahānavyadantaḥ )

Wisdom tooth

पाकः ( pākaḥ )

Digestion, metabolism, bio- transformation
The function of transformative factor.

पाचकपित्तम् ( pācaka-pittam )

Digesting pitta
Subtype of pitta mainly responsible for digestion. It divides the food into nutritive and waste portions and supports other subtypes of pitta.

पाचनकर्म ( pācanakarma )

Removal of foreign body by inducing suppuration
The removal of a loosely impacted foreign body by the suppuration process.

पाचनम् ( pācanam )

Digestion
The fundamental function of transformative factors in the gastrointestinal tract.

पाचनम् ( pācanam )

Digestive action
A drug which directly acts on products of incomplete digestion, transformation or metabolism (ama) but does not kindle digestive fire

पाचनम् ( pācanam )

Haemostasis by chemical cautery.
A method haemostasis using local applications such as bhasma, sprays or dustings.

पाटनकर्म ( pāṭanakarma )

Incision, opening
Incising, opening, and draining of an inflammatory lesion.

पाटितभग्नः ( pāṭitabhagnaḥ )

Cracked fracture
A fracture characterized by multiple fractures with comminuted bone pieces; associated with pain.

पाणिः,करः, हस्तः ( pāṇiḥ, karaḥ, hastaḥ )

Hand, manus

पाणितलम्, पाणिहृदयम् ( pāṇitalam, pāṇihṛdayam )

Palm

पाणिशलाकाधिष्ठानम् ( pāṇiśalākādhiṣṭhānam )

Distal row of carpal bones

पाण्डुकर्म (व्रणचिकित्सा) ( pāṇḍukarma (vraṇacikitsā)

Whitening, depigmentationinducing measures
A therapeutic measure to whiten or depigment a hyperpigmented scar by application of a medicinal paste.

पाण्डुरोगः ( pāṇḍurogaḥ )

Anaemic syndrome
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a constant sound in the ear; destroyed agni; weakness; exhaustion; aversion to food; exhaustion/fatigue; giddiness or dizziness; body pain; fever; difficulty in breathing; heaviness of body; loss of taste; rubbing type of pain in body; squeezing type of pain in body; body feels as if being churned; swelling of ocular orbits; greenish discoloration of body; fragility/loss of body hair; loss of lustre; anger/irritability; aversion to cold; sleepiness; spitting/excessive expectoration; reduced talking; claudication/cramp in the calf muscles; low back pain; pain in thighs; pain in feet; feeling of weakness of hip region; fatigue/weakness in thighs; feeling of weakness of feet/legs; exertion/dyspnoea on climbing; laxity/looseness of dhātu; decreased quality of ojas; reduced raktadhātu/ depletion of rakta; reduced medodhātu/depletion of medodhātu; reduction in sāra of dhātu/sapless/weakness; laxity of organs of physical action, i.e. hands, legs and tongue (karmendriya), and cognitive organs (jñanendriya); heart palpitations; weakness of limbs/motionlessness. A complex disorder representing various conditions: anaemia, liver derangement, splenic disorders, etc.

पातनम् ( pātanam )

Distillation of mercury

पादः ( pādaḥ )

Foot

पादकू र्चास्थि ( Pādakurcāsthi )

Tarsal bones excluding talus and calcaneus

पादचतुष्टयम् ( pādacatuṣṭayam )

Components of medical practice
These four components or elements are: the physician (vaidya, bhishak), materials for treatment (dravya), attendants or paramedics (upasthata) and the patient (rogi).

पादतलम् ( pādatalam )

Sole

पाददारी ( pādadārī )

Rhagades
A disorder characterized by fissuring and cracking of the feet; associated with pain.

पाददाहः ( pādadāhaḥ )

Burning feet
A disorder characterized by burning sensation in feet.

पादमध्यम् ( pādamadhyam )

Middle third of the foot, midfoot
Medial third of foot

पादहर्षः ( pādaharṣaḥ )

Peripheral neuritis of the feet
A disorder characterized by numbness in feet; sensation of excitement/tingling in feet.

पादाग्रम् ( pādāgram )

Forefoot
The anterior third of the foot.

पादाघातः ( pādāghātaḥ )

Therapeutic pedal massage
A therapeutic massage in which the feet are used to apply body weight as pressure.

पादाङ्गुलिः ( pādāṅguliḥ )

Toes

पादांशिकक्रमः ( pādāṃśikakramaḥ )

Diet-transition protocol
A quarter-portion protocol in which an unwholesome substance is gradually withdrawn from the diet—one quarter on the first day, two quarters on the second day, three quarters on the third day—and replaced with the same amount of a non-addictive wholesome alternative. One quarter unwholesome plus three quarters non-addictive wholesome substance should be maintained on the fourth, fifth and sixth days. On the seventh day the unwholesome substance should be completely discarded and the wholesome substance continued thereafter. This method is generally employed for de-addiction purposes.

पानकम् ( pānakam )

Beverage
A beverage prepared from unripe fruit such as mango, grapes, dates, and jujube by adding sugar and spices.

पानविभ्रमः ( pānavibhramaḥ )

Aversion to alcohol and food due to alcohol intoxication
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a pricking pain in cardiac region; dislike of alcohol; dislike of food; pricking pain all over the body; secretion of mucus; feeling as if the throat is full of smoke; syncope or swooning; vomiting; fever; headache; burning sensation.

पानाजीर्णम् ( pānājīrṇam )

Indigestion due to excessive alcohol intake
A disorder characterized by abdominal distension; sour belching/eructations; internal burning sensation.

पानीयक्षारः ( pānīyakṣāraḥ )

Internal administration of caustic substance
One of the two modes of applying alkali.

पामा (कच्छू ) ( pāmā (kacchū) )

Skin disease with white, reddish or blackish-brown erupting lesions
A skin disease characterized by lesions with a whitish discoloration; reddish discoloration; blue-black colour; itching; papules/eruptions; moistening/soddening; pain; minute; especially in the buttocks; hands and elbows.

पायुमेढ्रान्तरम्, गुदोपस्थदेशः ( pāyumeḍhrāntaram, gudopasthadeśaḥ )

Perineum

पारदः ( pāradaḥ )

Mercury
The basic and most important ingredient of various formulations mentioned in the discipline dealing with the therapeutic applications of metals and minerals (rasaśāstra).

पारद-अष्टसंस्कारः ( pārada-aṣṭasaṃskāraḥ )

Eight stages of the mercury purification process
Purifying mercury for medicinal use involves eight processes which need to be applied consecutively in a specific sequence. They include svedanam, mardanam, murchanam, utthapanam, patanam, rodhanam, niyamanam and dipanam/ samdipanam.

पारदमूर्छनम् ( paradamūrcchanam )

Pre-processing of mercury
A process by which mercury attains the property of curing diseases.

पारिगर्भिकः ( pārigarbhikaḥ )

Malnutrition disorder
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: diminution of digestive power; loss of taste; emaciation; cough; abdominal enlargement; drowsiness/ lassitude; giddiness or dizziness; vomiting.

पार्थिवम् ( pārthivam )

Drugs of mineral origin

पार्श्वजघनम् ( pārśvajaghanam )

Sides of pelvic region

पार्श्वम् ( pārśvam )

Flank

पार्श्वसन्धिः (मर्म) ( pārśvasandhiḥ (marma)

Vulnerable location(s) near the twelfth rib
Two in number which when injured causes bleeding into abdominal cavity leading to death.

पार्ष्णिः, प्रपदम् ( pārṣṇiḥ, prapadam )

Heel

पार्ष्ण्यस्थि ( pārṣṇyasthi )

Calcaneus

पाशवकायः ( pāśavakāyaḥ )

Person with cowardly, unintelligent temperament
The characteristics of the person with a cowardly, unintelligent temperament are dullness, lack of grasping power, slowness and laziness, daily dreams of intercourse and indecisiveness.

पाषाणगर्दभः ( pāṣāṇagardabhaḥ )

Temporomandibular joint region inflammation
A disorder characterized by a swelling with pain in the lower jaw joint; firm swelling in the lower jaw joint.

पिच्छा/पिच्छिल-बस्तिः ( picchā/picchila-bastiḥ )

Slimy enema
A type of specialized enema to control bleeding from the anus.

पिच्छिलः ( picchilaḥ )

Sliminess, murkiness
The quality of a substance which is responsible for providing a coating effect to body tissues.

पिण्डस्वेदः ( piṇḍasvedaḥ )

Sweating induced by application of a poultice
Sudation achieved with the application of a poultice prepared with medicated substances.

पिण्डिका ( piṇḍikā )

Muscular or bony prominence

पिण्डी ( piṇḍī )

Eye poultice
A therapeutic procedure in which mild sudation is achieved over the eye and orbital region by filling paste or medicines into small cloth packets and applying them over the closed eyelids.

पिण्याकः ( piṇyākaḥ )

Oil cakes
The residue of seeds which have been pressed and ground to extract their oil.

पितृ-उन्मादः ( pitṛ-unmādaḥ )

Psychosis making a person behave like an ancestor
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a person with sorrowful eyes; not establishing eye-contact; sleepy; stalled or broken speech; aversion to food; loss of taste; indigestion; offering oblations to ancestors’ souls; calm temperament; keeping cloth on the right shoulder; liking meat; liking tila; liking jaggery; liking milk-pudding; praising forefathers.

पितृजरोगः ( pitṛjarogaḥ )

Hereditary diseases of paternal origin
Hereditary conditions inherited through the paternal genetic line due to morbidity of the sperm.

पित्त-स्रावः ( pitta-srāvaḥ )

Yellowish-blue exudation from corners of eye
A disorder characterized by discharge from the middle of the sandhiḥ; warm discharge; watery discharge; turmericcoloured discharge; yellowish discharge.

पित्तकफप्रकृतिः ( pittakaphaprakṛtiḥ )

Body constitution with a predominance of pitta and kapha
A body constitution with predominantly mixed features of pitta and kapha.

पित्तकर्म ( pitta-karma )

Functions of pitta
General term for functions of pitta

पित्तक्षयः ( pittakṣayaḥ )

Diminution of pitta
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: diminution of warmth; diminution of agni; diminished complexion or loss of body lustre; rigidity or stiffness; coldness; irregular or inconsistent pain; burning sensation; loss of taste; indigestion; roughness of body; tremors; heaviness; whitish nails; whitish eyes.

पित्तज ग्रहणीरोग ( pittaja grahaṇīroga )

Chronic diarrhoea with malabsorption of nutrients due to vitiated pitta
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: indigestion; defecation of blue, yellowcoloured stools; defecation of yellow-coloured stools; stools liquid in nature; putrid eructations; sour belching/eructations; burning sensation in the precordial/cardiac region; burning sensation in throat; loss of taste; thirst.

पित्तज-अतिसारः ( pittaja-atisāraḥ )

Diarrhoea due to vitiated pitta
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: defecation of yellow-coloured stools; defecation of greenish stools; bluish stools; black stools; stools with blood and pitta; foul stools; thirst; burning sensation; perspiration; syncope or swooning; colicky pain in abdomen; burning sensation at anus; suppuration of anus; heat; rapid stools; stools resembling raw meat washings; watery/unformed stools; severe form; yellowish stool; bluish stool; bloody stool; fever; defecation of grassy stools.

पित्तज-अधिमन्थः ( pittaja-adhimanthaḥ )

Glaucoma due to vitiated pitta, secondary glaucoma
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: an eye bearing red streaks; discharge; feeling as if on fire; resembling a piece of liver; burning sensation similar to that of a wound treated with caustics; suppuration of lid margins; lid margins intensely inflamed and oedematous; perspiration; yellowish appearance; syncope or swooning; burning sensation in the head; eyes resembling burning embers.

पित्तज-अपस्मारः ( pittaja-apasmāraḥ )

Epilepsy due to vitiated pitta
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: intermittent seizures; regaining consciousness in a moment; cooing sound from throat; scratching the floor; greenish nails; greenish eyes; greenish discoloration of skin; yellowish discoloration of nails; yellowish discoloration of eyes; yellowish discoloration of face; yellowish discoloration of skin; coppery nails; coppery eyes; coppery face; coppery skin; reddish eyes; seeing horrible things; seeing violent things; seeing illuminated things; seeing objects as if covered; yellow-coloured froth; yellow discoloration of body; yellow discoloration of face; yellow discoloration of eyes; seeing all objects as yellow; seeing all objects as red; thirst; warmth; visualizing all worldly objects as engulfed by fire; sweating; syncope or swooning; inappropriate movements of body parts; in agony; feeling of being chased by black horrifying object/person; total disturbance of mind; agony/pain; excessive talking/irrelevant speech/incoherent speech; shaking on ground;

पित्तज-अरोचकः ( pittaja-arocakaḥ )

Anorexia due to vitiated pitta
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a pungent taste in the mouth; sour taste in the mouth; feeling of warmth in the mouth; loss of taste in the mouth; foul odour in oral cavity; salty taste in the mouth; burning sensation in cardiac region; sucking type of pain; bitter taste in the mouth; syncope or swooning; thirst.

पित्तज-अश्मरी ( pittaja-aśmarī )

Urinary calculus due to vitiated pitta
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: obstruction to passage of urine; burning sensation in urinary bladder as if near a fire; sucking type of pain in urinary bladder or basti; burning sensation in the urinary bladder; bladder feels as if burnt by alkali; clinical features of the disease uṣṇavāta; blood associated with stone; yellowish stone; black-coloured stone; stone shaped like bhallātakāsthi (seed of Semecarpus anacardium); honeycoloured stone; burning sensation in the bladder as if being cooked; red-coloured calculus.

पित्तज-उदररोगः ( pittaja-udararogaḥ )

Abdominal enlargement due to vitiated pitta
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a burning sensation; fever; thirst; syncope or swooning; diarrhoea; giddiness or dizziness; pungent taste in mouth; greenish discoloration of nails; greenish eyes; greenish discoloration of face; greenish discoloration of urine; greenish discoloration of skin; greenish discoloration of faeces; yellowish discoloration of nails; yellowish discoloration of eyes; yellowish discoloration of face; yellowish discoloration of urine; yellowish discoloration of skin; yellowish discoloration of faeces; bluish veins over abdomen; yellowish veins over abdomen; turmeric-coloured veins over abdomen; greenish veins over abdomen; coppery-coloured veins over abdomen; burning sensation over abdomen; smoky sensation in abdomen; pain in abdomen; burning sensation in abdomen; resembling fomentation of abdomen; wetness of abdomen; soft to touch; quickly leading to ascites or jalodara; sucking type of pain; associated with thirst; associated with fever; associated with burning sensation; quickly increasing in size; pungent taste in mouth.

पित्तज-उपदंशः ( pittaja-upadaṃśaḥ )

Sexually transmitted penile inflammation due to vitiated pitta
A disease characterized by fever; swelling resembling ripe figs or udumbara; severe burning sensation; rapidly suppurating; pain of pitta type-ośa coṣa; excessive moistness/ soddening; associated with burning sensation.

पित्तज-ओष्ठप्रकोपः ( pittaja-oṣṭhaprakopaḥ )

Disorders of lip due to vitiated pitta, acute herpes labialis
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: thirst; fever; blisters; nodules with burning sensation; inflammation/suppuration; smoky/fuming sensation; syncope or swooning; pain of various kinds; cracked nature; appearance of all colours except white; appearance of all colours except red; mustard seed-like eruptions; bluish discharge; yellowish discharge; itching in lips; skin-coloured nodule; painless; slimy lips; cold lips; heaviness of lips; sharp lips; tender lips; yellowish lips; moist eruptions/vesicles; rapidly suppurating; vesicles with burning; vesicles with suppuration; eruptions appearing yellow; painful vesicle.

पित्तज-प्रतिश्यायः ( pittaja-pratiśyāyaḥ )

Rhinitis due to vitiated pitta
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a warm yellowish discharge from the nose; emaciated/thin/malnourished; excessive paleness of body; burning sensation; excessive thirst; feeling of suddenly vomiting out a mass of fire and fumes; manifestation of eruptions inside nose; giddiness or dizziness; suppuration of nose tip; fever; discharge of dried mucus; discharge of hot mucus; coppery-coloured nasal discharge.

पित्तज-योनिरोगः ( pittaja-yonirogaḥ )

Vaginal disease due to predominant pitta
A gynaecological disorder characterized by burning in female genital organs; inflammation/suppuration of female genital organs; fever; heating sensation; menstrual discharge becoming blue; yellow or black in colour; yellowish discharge; whitish discharge; very hot dishcarge; large amount of hot; offensively smelling discharge; burning in female genital organs; putrid smell in female genital organs; hot menstrual flow; heavy menstrual flow; smelling of dead body.

पित्तज-वृद्धिः ( pittaja-vṛddhiḥ )

Hydrocoele due to pitta predominance
A disorder characterized by fever; swelling resembling ripe fig fruit or udumbara; severe burning sensation; rapid suppuration; pain of pitta type-ośa coṣa; excessive moistness/soddening.

पित्तज-शिरोरोगः ( pittaja-śirorogaḥ )

Headache due to vitiated pitta
Headache characterized by burning sensation in head; headache/discomfort in head; headache on exposure to cold; burning sensation in eyes; thirst; giddiness or dizziness; sweating; headache with burning sensation; headache as if studded with burning charcoal; feeling of fuming from nose; especially in night due to cold; fuming-like sensation in head; fever; syncope or swooning; softnesss at night; pain subsiding with cold/softness by cold; feeling of fuming from eyes and nose; relieved by cold; subsiding at night.

पित्तजकर्णरोगः ( pittajakarṇarogaḥ )

Ear disorder due to vitiated pitta, subacute otalgia
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: oedema; redness; tearing; internal burning sensation; yellowish discharge; pain in ear associated with burning sensation; desire for cold; swelling; fever; rapidly suppurating; discharge of yellowish fluid after suppuration; suppuration at fluid leakage points.

पित्तजकासः ( pittajakāsaḥ )

Cough due to vitiated pitta
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: being mixed with pitta/pitta-mixed phlegm/ yellowishness of eyes; bitter taste in mouth; changed voice; smoky sensation/hotness in chest; thirst; burning sensation; confusion/delirium; loss of taste; giddiness or dizziness; seeing stars after continuous coughing/black-outs on continuous coughing; burning sensation in chest; fever; dryness of mouth; vomiting of yellowish pungent phlegm; pallor; giddiness or dizziness; vomiting of pitta; blood; sour belching/eructations.

पित्तजक्षीरदोषः ( pittajakṣīradoṣaḥ )

Breast milk vitiated by pitta
A disorder characterized by breast milk which is sour in taste; pungent taste; with yellowish streaks; causing burning sensation in child; hot in nature; salty taste.

पित्तजगुल्मः ( pittajagulmaḥ )

Lumps or growths due to vitiated pitta
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: burning sensation in abdomen; burning sensation in cardiac region; burning sensation in chest; burning sensation in throat; smoky euctations; acid eructations; feeling as if burning; pain; emitting smoke; hot in nature; perspiration; wetness; tenderness as if wound lax or nonhealed; slight excitement/bristling; fever; giddiness or dizziness; burning/excessive warmth/inflammation of eyes; thirst; dryness of throat; dryness of palate; dryness of mouth; fainting/severe confusion; altered stools/loose motions; greenish discoloration of skin; green-coloured eyes; greenish discoloration of face; green-coloured urine; greenish discoloration of faeces; yellow-coloured skin; yellow-coloured eyes; yellow-coloured face; yellowish discoloration of urine; yellow-coloured faeces; perspiration; food indigestion of food/ acid reflux; burning sensation; reddish discoloration of body; pungent taste in mouth; sour belching/eructations; syncope or swooning; burning sensation of gulma; relief with cold; feeling as if burnt by hot metal ball; hairless; generally resides at nābhi; reddish discoloration of face; severe pain during digestion; severe pain while eating.

पित्तजग्रन्थिः ( pittajagranthiḥ )

Nodular swelling, cyst due to vitiated pitta
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: severe burning; fuming sensation; sucking type of pain; inflammation/suppuration; feeling of being burnt up; reddish swelling; yellow swelling; profuse; warm and bloody discharge; rapidly suppurating.

पित्तजचतुर्थकज्वरः ( pittajacaturthakajvaraḥ )

Intermittent fever recurring every fourth day due to predominance of pitta

पित्तजछर्दिः ( pittajachardiḥ )

Vomiting due to vitiated pitta
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: syncope or swooning; thirst; dryness of mouth; burning sensation in the head; burning sensation in the palate; burning sensation in the eyes; black-outs; giddiness or dizziness; yellowish vomitus; very hot vomitus/ forceful vomiting; greenish vomitus; bitter vomitus; smoky vomitus; vomiting with burning sensation; sour vomitus; pungent vomitus; bitter taste in mouth; vomitus with blood; sucking type of pain; fever; vomitus alkaline in nature/vomitus as kṣāra diluted in water; exhaustion/fatigue.

पित्तजतृष्णा ( pittajatṛṣṇā )

Morbid thirst due to vitiated pitta
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: aversion to food; bitter taste in the mouth; burning sensation in head; desire for cold; syncope or swooning; yellowish colour of eye; yellowish urine; yellowcoloured stool; excessive talking/irrelevant speech/incoherent speech; loss of taste; dryness of mouth; sensation of fumes emerging from body and mouth; parched mouth; bloodshot eyes.

पित्तजदन्तनाडी ( pittajadantanāḍī )

Alveolar sinus due to vitiated pitta, subacute alveolar sinus
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: thirst; burning sensation; pricking pain; exhaustion; fever; tearing sensation; excessive hot yellowish discharge during the day; excessive warm discharge.

पित्तजदाहः ( pittajadāhaḥ )

Generalized burning sensation due to vitiated pitta
A disorder characterized by symptoms similar to those of dāha.

पित्तजनाडीव्रणः ( pittajanāḍīvraṇaḥ )

Deep ulcer with fistula formation due to vitiated pitta
A sinus ulcer characterized by thirst; burning sensation; pricking pain; exhaustion; fever; tearing sensation; excessive warm discharge; excessive yellow discharge; putrid pus discharge.

पित्तजनासार्शः ( pittajanāsārśaḥ )

Nasal polyp due to vitiated pitta
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: the presenting part being blue; slender; spreading; yellowish tinge; looks like liver; shape resembles a parrot’s tongue; barley shaped in the middle; resembling a leech’s mouth.

पित्तजपाण्डुरोगः ( pittajapāṇḍurogaḥ )

Anaemic syndrome due to vitiated pitta
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: yellowish discoloration of faeces; yellowish discoloration of urine; yelllowish discoloration of eyes; yellowish veins; covered with yellow veins; yellowish discoloration of face; greenish discoloration of faeces; greenish discoloration of urine; greenish discoloration of veins; greenish discoloration of nails; greenish discoloration of face; fever; burning sensation; thirst; syncope or swooning; thirst; excessive sweating; desire for cold; lack of desire for food; pungent taste in mouth; aggravation of clinical features due to exposure to heat; aggravation of clinical features due to intake of sour foods; sour belching/eructations; indigestion leading to acidic food; bad body odour; passage of unformed. faeces; weakness; black-outs; excessive yellowish tinge.

पित्तजप्रमेहः ( pittajapramehaḥ )

Polyuria disorder due to vitiated pitta

पित्तजमसूरिका ( pittajamasūrikā )

Lentil-shaped pox disease due to vitiated pitta
Lentil-shaped eruptive disorder is characterized by red eruptions; yellow eruptions; blackish eruptions; burning sensation; severe pain; rapidly suppurating; altered stools/ loose motions; generalized body aches; burning sensation; thirst; loss of taste; stomatitis; redness of eyes; severe fever; very distressing with high fever.

पित्तजमूत्रकृच्छ्रम् ( pittajamūtrakṛcchram )

Difficulty in urination due to vitiated pitta
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: passage of yellow urine; passage of urine with pain; passage of urine with burning sensation; difficulty in passing urine; frequent micturition; yellowish discoloration of urine; urine with increased heat; blood-coloured urine/ haematuria; burning pain as if burned on scrotum; burning pain as if burned on penis; burning pain as if burned in bladder.

पित्तजमूर्च्छा ( pittajamūrcchā )

Syncope due to vitiated pitta
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: seeing the sky as red before entering a state of darkness; seeing the sky as green before entering a state of darkness; seeing the sky as yellow before entering a state of darkness; waking up with perspiration; thirst; with burning sensation; reddish disturbed eyes; yellowish disturbed eyes; falling down as soon as the fit starts; regaining consciousness immediately; loose motions; yellowish discoloration; syncope or swooning.

पित्तजरक्तपित्तम् ( pittajaraktapittam )

Haemorrhage due to predominance of pitta
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: ochre-coloured blood discharge; blackcoloured blood discharge; blood discharge resembling the colour of cow’s urine; blood resembling the ocelli in a peacock’s tail; blood discharge resembling soot or collyrium.

पित्तजरोहिणी ( pittajarohiṇī )

Diphtheria due to vitiated pitta
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: fever; thirst; confusion/delirium; fuming sensation in throat; rapidly developing muscular projection; burning sensation of rapid suppuration; rapidly suppurating; excessive redness/congestion; tenderness/inability to tolerate touch; hyperpyrexia.

पित्तजविद्रधिः ( pittajavidradhiḥ )

Abscess due to vitiated pitta
A type of abscess characterized by a swelling resembling ripe fig-fruit or udumbara; blackish colour of swelling; fever; producing a burning sensation; rapid onset and suppuration; yellowish discharge; discharge resembling sesame seeds or tila; discharge resembling black gram or māṣa; discharge resembling kulatthodakaḥ; thirst; confusion/delirium; intoxication; reddish swelling; coppery-coloured swelling.

पित्तजविसर्पः ( pittajavisarpaḥ )

Erysipelas, spreading cellulitis due to vitiated pitta
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: fever; thirst; syncope or swooning; confusion/ delirium; vomiting/emesis; loss of taste; breaking pain in body; excessive perspiration; burning sensation inside the body; excessive talking/irrelevant speech/incoherent speech; headache; querulous eyes; insomnia/sleeplessness; distress/ discontent/restlessness; giddiness or dizziness; excessive desire for cold water; excessive desire for cold air; greenish tint in eyes/excessive icterus; green-coloured urine; greenish tint in stool; patient having greenish vision; yellow-coloured eyes; yellowish discoloration of urine; excessive yellow tint to stool; patient having yellowish vision; pinkish coloration of visarpa-affected area; greenish coloration of visarpa-affected area; yellowish coloration of visarpa-affected area; bluish coloration of visarpa-affected area; blackish coloration of visarpa-affected area; redness of visarpa-affected area; local swelling; severe burning sensation; excessive breaking pain; eruption with pinkish discharge; eruption with greenish discharge; eruption with yellowish discharge; eruption with bluish discharge; eruption with blackish discharge; eruptions with bloody discharge/bleeding; speedy/quick/swift gait; furuncle with deep red colour; constitutional features of pittaja fever; pitta-dominant wound formation in ripened and ruptured.

पित्तजविस्फोटकः ( pittajavisphoṭakaḥ )

Bullous eruptions due to vitiated pitta
A disorder characterized by fever; thirst; burning sensation; inflammation/suppuration; yellowish-red discoloration; pain; discharge.

पित्तजव्रणः ( pittajavraṇaḥ )

Ulcer due to vitiated pitta
An ulcer characterized by its sudden appearance; yellowish discoloration; bluish discoloration; oozing resembling palasha flower washings; warm discharge; burning sensation; causing inflammation/suppuration; dreadful-looking; yellowish pustules; thirst; confusion/delirium; fever; soddened wound/ ulcer with burning sensation; cracking of wound margins; putrid-smelling wound; putrid-smelling discharge; greyishcoloured; brownish-coloured; exudation of urine-like discharge; excessive/copious discharge; discharge resembling ash mixed water; discharge resembling oil; pain as if burned by alkali.

पित्तजव्रणशोफः ( pittajavraṇaśophaḥ )

Pre-ulcerative inflammation due to vitiated pitta
A condition characterized by a yellowish-coloured swelling; soft oedema; reddish swelling; rapid onset of suppuration; severe burning sensation; smoky/fuming sensation.

पित्तजशूलः ( pittajaśūlaḥ )

Abdominal colic due to vitiated pitta
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: thirst; burning sensation; intoxication; syncope or swooning; severe pain; desire for cold; pain decreasing with cold; confusion/delirium; pain in umbilical region; perspiration; giddiness or dizziness; sucking type of pain; pain exacerbated at noon; pain exacerbated at midnight; pain exacerbated when digesting food; pain exacerbated in autumn/śarat ṛtu; relieved during cold season; relieved with sweet food; relieved with cold food.

पित्तजशोफः ( pittajaśophaḥ )

Oedema due to vitiated pitta
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: soft oedema; with odour; blackish oedema; yellowish oedema; oedema with redness; giddiness or dizziness; fever; sweating; thirst; intoxication; hotness; tenderness/pain on touch; red eyes; severe inflammation; yellow-reddish oedema; rapidly spreading/rapidly remitting; symptoms such as burning sensation with sweating and restlessness; coppery hairs; occurring first in mid-part of body; severe burning sensation; heat/fever; moistening/ soddening; desire for cold; altered faeces/loose motions; tenderness/inability to tolerate touch.

पित्तजश्लीपदः ( pittajaślīpadaḥ )

Filariasis due to vitiated pitta
Filariasis characterized by a yellowish-coloured swelling; soft swelling; fever; burning sensation.

पित्तजस्वरभेदः ( pittajasvarabhedaḥ )

Hoarse voice, altered voice due to vitiated pitta
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a burning sensation in the palate; burning sensation in the throat or kaṇṭha; unwillingness to speak; yellowish discoloration of face; yellowness of eyes; yellowness of stool; yellowish urine; dryness of palate; dryness of throat.

पित्तजहृद्रोगः ( pittajahṛdrogaḥ )

Heart disease due to vitiated pitta
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: burning sensation in the precordial/cardiac region; bitter taste in mouth; bitter eructations; sour belching/ eructations; exhaustion without exertion; thirst; syncope or swooning; giddiness or dizziness; perspiration; burning sensation with sweating and restlessness; burning sensation; sucking type of pain; fatigued heart; smoky eructations; syncope or swooning; dryness of mouth; sour vomitus; vomiting of pitta; yellowish discoloration; fever.

पित्तजार्शः ( pittajārśaḥ )

Haemorrhoids due to vitiated pitta
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: soft; flabby; delicate; red; tender pile-mass associated with discharge smelling like raw meat; thin; red in colour with burning sensation; itching; colicky pain; pricking pain and suppuration; The stool is loose yellow or green; The patient suffers from morbid thirst; fever; asthma; fainting and dislike for food; nails; eyes; skin; urine and stool are yellow in colour.

पित्तजोन्मादः ( pittajonmādaḥ )

Psychosis due to vitiated pitta
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: intolerance/impatience; anger; agitation in inappropriate places; hurting self with weapon; hurting self with clod; hurting self with whip; hurting self with wood; hurting self with fist; hurting self with weapon; hurting self with clod; hurting self with whip; hurting self with wood; hurting self with fist; hurting others with weapon; hurting others with clod; hurting others with whip; hurting others with wood; hurting others with fist; craving for shade/shelter; craving for cold water; craving for cold food; frequent anger; coppery eyes; greenish eyes; yellowish eyes; steady/stable eyes; redness/ congestion/inflammation; nudity; intimidating attitude; runing away; hotness of body; anger; yellowish complexion; excessive thirst; excessive sweating; excessive burning sensation; voracious eating; improper sleep; wants cold; wants air; enjoys insides of water bodies; excessive anger; suspicious; seeing stars in the sky in daytime; false visualization of fire/halluciation of fire; hallucination of stars; false visualization of flame/hallucination of flame; fear of yellowish things falling down;

पित्तदुष्टरक्तः ( pittaduṣṭaraktaḥ )

Condition of improper repair of punctured ear causing pittavitiated blood
A condition characterized by a burning sensation; inflammation/suppuration; redness/congestion; pain.

पित्तदोषावस्था ( pittadoṣāvasthā )

Morbid state of pitta

पित्तधराकला ( pittadharā-kalā )

Pitta-bearing membrane

पित्तप्रकृतिः ( pittaprakṛtiḥ )

Body constitution with a predominance of pitta
The characters of a pitta predominant person are greatly influenced by its qualities: hotness, sharpness, fluidity, pungency, sourness and its characteristic fleshy smell. Accordingly, the person will have inherent characteristics such as a soft and supple body, presence of moles, reddish tinge to facial skin; with pimples, freckles and marks; soft and brown hair on the face, head and other parts of the body; with lax muscles and flexible joints; intolerance of heat; strong digestive power; excessive hunger and thirst; a higher intake of food and drinks in quantity and frequency; sweat profusely; greater than normal formation and passing of stool and urine; a foul-smelling body odour especially at the axilla, scalp, mouth and head; with less semen and sexual desire; show the early appearance of wrinkles, premature greying and baldness; and with a tendency for frequent ulceration of the mouth.

पित्तप्रकोपः/ पित्तवृद्धि-लक्षणम् ( pittaprakopaḥ/ pittavṛddhi-lakṣaṇam )

Aggravation of pitta
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: sour belching/eructations; thirst; severe burning sensation; burning sensation; redness/congestion; warmth; inflammation/suppuration; perspiration; moistening/ soddening; discharge; wheal-like skin eruptions; exhaustion; syncope or swooning; intoxication; pungent taste; sour taste; pallor of a reddish-brown colour.

पित्तप्रसरः ( pittaprasaraḥ )

Spreading of pitta
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: burning sensation; sucking type of pain; severe burning sensation; vomiting of medicated smoke or dhūma; sensation of heat in mouth.

पित्तम् ( pittam )

Pitta, dosha regulating body temperature and metabolic activities
Pitta is one of the three regulatory functional factors; it is responsible for digestion and metabolism in the body. The predominant basic elements in pitta are fire and water.

पित्तलम् ( pittalam )

Brass
An alloy of copper and zinc. Duly processed pittala is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations.

पित्तवहा, पित्तवाहिनी ( Pittavahā, Pittavāhinī )

Vein carrying pitta

पित्तविकारः ( pittavikāraḥ )

Derangement of pitta

पित्तविदग्धदृष्टिः/ दिवान्ध्यम्/दोषान्ध्यम् ( pittavidagdhadṛṣṭiḥ/ divāndhyam/ doṣāndhyam )

Daytime blindness
A disorder characterized by yellowish discoloration of eyes; seeing objects as yellow; day blindness; normal vision at night; loss of vision after sunset.

पित्तसञ्चयः ( pittasañcayaḥ )

Accumulation of pitta
A disorder characterized by yellowishness of body, hypothermia or mild warmth.

पित्ताभिष्यन्दः ( pittābhiṣyandaḥ )

Conjunctivitis due to vitiated pitta, acute catarrhal conjunctivitis
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a burning sensation; severe inflammation; longing for cold application; smoky/fuming sensation; excessive watering; warm tearing; yellow discoloration; oedema; blackish discoloration on external part of eyelids; internal moistness; yellowish tears; hot tear secretion; redness/congestion; yellowish vision; appearance of eyes resembling an alkali injury.

पित्ताशयः ( pittāśayaḥ )

Receptacle for pitta
The most prominent site of pitta which has an important role in the digestion of food: gallbladder.

पिपीलिका-दष्टः ( pipīlikā-daṣṭaḥ )

Reaction due to ant bite
Poisoning characterized by swelling at bite site; burning sensation; oedema.

पिशाचादिकृतरोगः ( piśācādikṛtarogaḥ )

Diseases caused by malevolent or negative spiritual entities

पिशिताश्रितंपटलम् ( piśitāśritaṃpaṭalam )

Iris and uveal tract

पिष्टकः ( piṣṭakaḥ )

Lymphangioma
A disorder characterized by raised lesions resembling waterdrops; raised growth like rice-paste; rounded.

पिष्टमेहः ( piṣṭamehaḥ )

Polyuria disorder with urine resembling flour mixed with water
A disorder characterized by floury white urination; bristling during micturition; profuse urination; whitish urination.

पीडनकर्म ( pīḍanakarma )

Removal of foreign body by squeezing or pressing
The removal of a loosely impacted foreign body by squeezing or pressing.

पीडनकर्म ( pīḍanakarma )

Squeezing
A procedure to remove an impacted foreign body through the application of a squeezing or milking motion.

पीडनकर्म (व्रणचिकित्सा) ( pīḍanakarma (vraṇacikitsā) )

Squeezing
A method of exerting pressure by applying medicines over the site or via manual pressure to remove residual or remnant pus.

पीतम् ( pītam )

Drinkables
Food items such as juices, milk or buttermilk which are consumed in liquid form.

पीतस्नेह; मद्यतोयपातुकामानां नस्य व्यापदः ( pītasneha; madyatoyapātukāmānāṃ nasya vyāpadaḥ )

Condition due to inhalation therapy administered to person who has taken oleation therapy
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: salivation; discharge from the nose; stickiness of eyes; errors of refraction/partial blindness; diseases of the head.

पीयूषः ( pīyūṣaḥ )

Colostrum
The milk of mammals produced just after delivery of their offspring: it is considered nourishing and heavy to digest.

पुटः ( puṭaḥ )

Traditional oven
A graded heating system traditionally using cow-dung cake for the calcination or incineration (preparation of bhasma) of metals, minerals and marine products.

पुटपाकः ( puṭapākaḥ )

Retention of herbal extract from indirectly heated bolus over the eyes
Type of therapeutic procedure undertaken to restore the strength of the eyes by pouring an excract (expressed from a warm bolus of herbs) into a temporary cavity built around the orbit at a given temperature and for a specific duration, after forming a concentric boundary around the orbit with black gram dough or other preparation.

पुटपाक-अतियोगः ( puṭapāka-atiyogaḥ )

Condition of excessive retention of specially prepared medications in the eye
A condition characterized by pain; oedema; papules/ eruptions; appearance of partial blindness or timira.

पुटपाक-अपचारः ( puṭapāka-apacāraḥ; )

Condition due to improper application of juice expressed from warm herbal bolus on the eyes

पुटपाक-हीनयोगः ( puṭapāka-hīnayogaḥ )

Condition of suboptimal retention of specially prepared medications in the eye
A codition characterized by inflammation/suppuration of eyes; lacrimation; type of pain where internal cooling is felt; appearance of dosha.

पुटपाकस्वरसः ( puṭapākasvarasaḥ )

Juice expressed from steamed bolus of herbs

पुण्डरीकः ( puṇḍarīkaḥ )

Skin disease with lesions resembling a white lotus
A skin disease characterized by lesions resembling lotus petals; resembling palāśa flower; whitish appearance; reddish appearance; reddish margins; full of red streaks; associated with reddish veins; raised; excessive pus discharge; excessive bloody discharge; excessive watery discharge; thick pus discharge; thick bloody discharge; thick watery discharge; itching; worms; burning sensation; inflammation/ suppuration; rapidly spreading; rapid onset; sudden onset of complications.

पुत्रिणी-प्रमेहपिडका ( putriṇī-pramehapiḍakā )

Carbuncle surrounded by multiple small boils
A disorder characterized by a large-sized boil which is studded with multiple small boils; large vesicular swelling; covered with numerous eruptions.

पुंबीजम् ( puṃbījam )

Male seed
Male factors responsible for conception.

पुरीषक्षयः ( purīṣakṣayaḥ )

Diminution of faeces
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: gripping type of pain; pain in precordial region/angina pectoris; pain in flanks; upward movement of vata with sounds/upward oblique movement of vata with sounds in abdomen; movement of vata in the abdomen; reduced quantity of faeces.

पुरीषजकृमिः [ककेरुकः, मकेरुकः, लेलिहः, सशूलकः, सौसुरादः/ सौसूलकः] ( purīṣajakṛmiḥ [kakerukaḥ makerukaḥ, lelihaḥ saśūlakaḥ, sausurādaḥ/ sausūlakaḥ] )

Worm or parasite arising from faeces; residing in large intestine
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: emaciation; pruritis ani; pallor; roughness/ dryness; horripilation; altered faeces/loose motions; constipation/abdominal fullness; colicky pain; severe irritation at anus; itching at the anal margins; hyperaesthesia at anal margins; anal expulsion of worms.

पुरीषजननम् ( purīṣajananam )

Substance increasing the quantity of faeces

पुरीषधराकला ( purīṣadharākalā )

Faeces-bearing membrane

पुरीषम्, शकृत, विट ( purīṣam, śakṛt, viṭ )

Faeces
A by-product of digestion, the function of which is to support the body in general and vata and digestive, metabolic factors in particular.

पुरीषरोधजमूत्रकृच्छ्रम् ( purīṣarodhajamūtrakṛcchram )

Difficulty in urination due to faecal retention
A disorder characterized by abdominal distension; pain due to vāta; obstruction to passage of urine/retention.

पुरीषवहस्रोतः ( purīṣavahasrotaḥ )

Channel in which faeces is formed and excreted
The pathway for faeces. Entities related to this channel are the large intestines and rectum.

पुरीषवहस्रोतोदुष्टिः ( purīṣavaha-srōtōduṣṭi )

Vitiation of channels carrying stools
A disorder is characterized by difficulty in defecation; scanty defecation; defecation with sound; painful defecation; defecating watery stools; defecating scybalous/hard stools; defecating large-volume stools.

पुरीषवहस्रोतोविद्धः ( purīṣavahasrotoviddhaḥ )

Injury to the channels of the gastrointestinal system
A disorder characterized by borborygmi with distension; bad smell; nodularity.

पुरीषविरजनीय ( purīṣavirajanīya )

Substance imparting a normal colour to the faeces

पुरीषवृद्धिः ( purīṣavṛddhiḥ )

Morbid increase of faeces
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: gurgling sounds in the abdomen; pain in abdomen; heaviness of abdomen; enlargement of abdomen.

पुरीषवेगरोधः ( purīṣavegarodhaḥ )

Disorder due to withholding of faeces
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: pain in rectum; headache; suppression of flatus; suppression of faeces; claudication/cramp in the calf muscles; abdominal distension; gurgling intestinal sounds/ borborygmi; colicky pain in abdomen; cutting type of pain in anus; obstruction/retention in passage of faeces; upward movement of vata; elimination of faeces through mouth; cold catarrh; feeling of obstruction in the precordial region/ impairment of cardiac activity/bradycardia.

पुरीषवैषम्यम् ( purīṣavaiṣamyam )

Derangement of faeces
A disorder characterized by distension and upward movement of vayu.

पुरीषसङ्ग्रहणीय ( purīṣasaṅgrahaṇīya )

Stool-consolidating

पुरीषाधारः ( purīṣādhāraḥ )

Sigmoid colon and rectum

पुरीषाभिघातज-उदावर्तः ( purīṣābhighātaja-udāvartaḥ )

Disorders of reversed or altered visceral movement due to suppression of stools
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: gurgling intestinal sounds/borborygmi; colicky pain in abdomen; cutting type of pain in anal region; obstruction/retention to passage of faeces; eructation/upward movement of vata; vomiting of faecal matter.

पुरुषः ( puruṣaḥ )

Person, living being
The personal and animating principle in all sentient beings, the soul.

पुष्करिका ( puṣkarikā )

Vesicle consisting of many smaller vesicles and resembling a lotus petal on the penis
A disease of the penis characterized by a boil resembling the bud of a lotus flower (padmapuṣkarasaṃsthānā piḍakā/ padmakarṇikasaṃsthānā piḍakā); studded with boils.

पुष्प-विषः ( puṣpa-viṣaḥ )

Poisonous flowers
Poisoning characterized by vomiting; abdominal distension; confusion/delirium.

पुष्परागम् ( puṣharāgam )

Yellow sapphire, topaz
Duly processed pushyaraga is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbomineral pharmaceutical formulations.

पुष्पितः ( puṣpitaḥ )

Person showing signs of impending death
A person with fatal prognostic signs.

पूतनाग्रहः ( pūtanāgrahaḥ )

Fever, retention of urine due to external invisible factors
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: crying; vomiting; shivering of body; drowsiness/lassitude; wakefulness at night; hiccups; abdominal distension; altered bowels/loose stools; thirst; retention of urine; flaccidity/laxity; horripilation; crow-like smell; sleepiness in daytime; thirst; involuntary sideways glance.

पूतिकर्णः ( pūtikarṇaḥ )

Suppurative otitis media
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: putrid/offensive discharge; without or with pain; purulent discharge from ear without pain; purulent discharge from ear with pain; thick purulent discharge from ear; excessive moistness/soddening.

पूतिशुक्रदोषः ( pūtiśukradoṣaḥ )

Pyospermia
Semen containing pus or foul-smelling.

पूतीनासा ( pūtīnāsā )

Foul smell in nose and mouth, atrophic rhinitis.
A disorder characterized by a putrid odour emitted by the mouth; foul-smelling air from nose or ozaena.

पूपः ( pūpaḥ )

Fried sweet bread
A deep-fried sweet bread.

पूपलिका ( pūpalikā )

Deep-fried sweet bread
A type of sweet cake fried in ghee or oil.

पूयरक्तम्/पूय-शोणितम् ( pūyaraktam/ pūya-śoṇitam )

Purulent and sanguineous rhinitis
A disorder characterized by discharge of blood-tinged pus from the nose; burning sensation in head; headache such as chronic maxillary sinusitis.

पूयस्रावः/सन्निपातज-स्रावः ( pūyasrāvaḥ/ sannipātaja-srāvaḥ )

Pus discharge from corners of eye
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: discharge in the canthus; pus discharge; suppurative discharge from inner canthus; mixed symptoms of all dosha; discharge from inner canthus; recurrent purulent discharge; blood-mixed discharge.

पूयालसः ( pūyālasaḥ )

Acute dacrocystitis
A disorder characterized by a swelling over the medial canthus; suppurated swelling; putrid purulent discharge; thick prurulent discharge; minute wound; preceding swelling; preceding redness of eyes; swelling over medial canthus; pricking pain in inner canthus.

पूरणकर्म ( pūraṇakarma )

Filling of cavity with medications
A therapeutic measure which entails filling a cavity with medications.

पूरणम् ( pūraṇam )

Replenishment
The essential function of bone marrow is to fill or complete a cavity or container; replenish the body with structural components.

पूर्वकर्म ( pūrvakarma )

Preparatory procedures
Preparatory procedure carried out before proper administration of any major procedure such as panchakarma or surgery.

पूर्वपक्षः ( pūrvapakṣaḥ )

Objecting or opposing a proposed hypothesis
A possible objection to, or refuting of, the proposed hypothesis.

पूर्वपश्चिमविभागः ( pūrvapaścima-vibhāgaḥ )

Anterior-posterior division
An arbitrary division of the body into anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) parts for descriptive purposes.

पूर्वरूप ( pūrvarūpa )

Prodrome
A forerunner or early symptom of a disease or condition.

पूर्वरूपभेदः ( pūrvarūpabhedaḥ )

Classification of prodromes
A classification of prodromal symptoms based on their general and specific nature which may indicate a particular disease or condition.

पूर्वरूपम् ( pūrvarūpam )

Prodrome, premonitory symptoms
Recognition of the prodrome or set of premonitory, precursory symptoms, treatment of which can forestall manifestation of the disease; they are classified into two types depending on their nature.

पृथक्त्वम् ( pṛthaktvam )

Separation or exclusion, particularity
The quality by which one substance is differentiated or separated from the other.

पृथुकः ( pṛthukaḥ )

Flattened rice
A preparation made from de-husked paddy which is moistened, fried, and then parched and flattened.

पृथुलस्नायुः ( pṛthulā-snāyuḥ )

Aponeurosis

पृथ्वी ( pṛthvī )

Earth element
Responsible for mass and the force of attraction. It acts as the substratum of smell, perceived by the nose.

पृष्ठबस्तिः ( pṛṣṭhabastiḥ )

Therapeutic retention of oil over thoracolumbar region
A procedure which involves holding medicated oil over the thoracolumbar region for a specific duration.

पृष्ठमर्म ( pṛṣṭhamarma )

Vulnerable location(s) in the back
Marma located in the back.

पृष्ठम् ( pṛṣṭham )

Back, dorsum

पृष्ठवंशः, पृष्ठेषिका ( pṛṣṭhavaṃśaḥ, pṛṣṭheṣikā )

Vertebral column

पेया ( peyā )

Thin rice gruel
A thin gruel of rice along with its solid portion which is easily digestible and thus increases digestive capacity; it is prepared by adding 14 parts water to one part broken rice and boiling well until all the rice grains become soft.

पेश्यन्तरगत-शल्यः ( peśyantaragata-śalyaḥ )

Foreign body between the muscles
A disorder due to presence of foreign body between the muscles; characterized by inflammation/suppuration; failure of foreign body pathway to heal; inability to bear touching/pressing.

पैत्तिक-असृग्दरः ( paittika-asṛgdaraḥ )

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding due to vitiated pitta
A gynaecological disorder characterized by a bluish discharge; yellowish discharge; warm discharge; blackish discharge; constant discharge; frequent bleeding; painful; burning sensation; reddish bleeding; thirst; confusion/delirium; fever; giddiness or dizziness; red; discharging repeatedly and forcefully.

पैत्तिक-आमवातः ( paittika-āmavātaḥ )

Pitta-predominent polyarthritis due to ama
A disorder characterized by burning sensation; redness/ congestion.

पैत्तिक-लिङ्गनाशः ( paittika-liṅganāśaḥ )

Mature cataract due to vitiated pitta
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: bluish discoloration of maṇḍala; coppery discoloration of maṇḍala; yellowish discoloration of maṇḍala; pupils appearing bluish-black in colour resembling a bee; loss of vision; eyes appearing unctuous; spitting; excessive salivation; pain; tenderness/inability to tolerate touch.

पैत्तिकज्वरः ( paittikajvaraḥ )

Fever due to vitiated pitta
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: onset of fever in the whole body at once; rise in fever in whole body at once; onset of fever in whole body while eating; rise in fever in whole body while eating; onset of fever at midday; rise in fever at midday; onset of fever at midnight; rise in fever at midnight; fever onset in śarad ṛtu/ autumn; rise in fever in śarad ṛtu/autumn; pungent taste in mouth; inflammation of nose; stomatitis; inflammation of throat; inflammation of lips; inflammation of palate; excessive thirst; intoxication; giddiness or dizziness; syncope or swooning; vomiting of pitta; diarrhoea; aversion to food; exhaustion; excessive talking/irrelevant speech/incoherent speech; red-coloured patchy eruptions on skin; green coloration of nails; green-coloured eyes; green-coloured mouth/face; green-coloured urine; green-coloured faeces; green-coloured skin; yellow-coloured nail; yellow-coloured eyes; yellow-coloured face; yellowish discoloration of urine; yellow-coloured faeces; yellow-coloured skin; hyperpyrexia; severe burning sensation; desire for cold; aggravation with usage of nidāna and relief with upaśaya; reduced sleep/ sleeplessness; vomiting of pitta; perspiration; yellowish stools; yellowish urine; yellowish eyes; whole body involved at once; distress/discontent/restlessness; spitting of blood; sour belching/eructations; yellowishness of skin; yellowness of mouth/face; yellowish nails; bad odour from breath.

पैत्तिकज्वरपूर्वरूपम् ( paittikajvarapūrvarūpam )

Prodromal symptoms of fever due to vitiated pitta
A disorder characterized by burning sensation in eyes as presenting complaint.

पैत्तिकपरिणामशूलः ( paittikapariṇāmaśūlaḥ )

Abdominal colic occurring during digestion of food due to vitiated pitta
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: thirst; burning sensation; distress/discontent/ restlessness; perspiration; pain exacerbated by pungent food; pain exacerbated by sour food; pain exacerbated by salty food; pain relieved by cold.

पैत्तिकयोनिकन्दः ( paittikayonikandaḥ )

Round-shaped abscess in vagina due to vitiated pitta
A gynaecological disorder characterized by a tuberous swelling accompanied by a burning sensation and redness of the female external genital organs; swelling in external genital organs associated with fever; vaginal sprouts with redness.

पैत्तिकरक्तदुष्टिः ( paittikaraktaduṣṭiḥ )

Blood vitiated by pitta
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: blood with yellow discoloration; blackishcoloured blood; delayed coagulation because of hotness; blood with a bluish tinge; blood with a greenish tinge; dark, brown-coloured blood; blood smelling of raw meat; not favourable for ants; flies or bees because of kaṭu rasa; non-coagulating because of hotness; sooty/smoky-coloured blood; blood smelling of fish; blood with a shiny appearance/ particles; blood resembling cow’s urine.

पैरोजकः ( pairojakaḥ )

Turquoise
Duly processed pairojaka is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbomineral pharmaceutical formulations.

पैशाचकायः ( paiśācakāyaḥ )

Person with overeating, The characteristics of the person with an overeating, unclean, unclean, hypersexual hypersexual temperament are eating what is left by others; temperament angriness; liking for adventure, fondness for women, shamelessness.

पोथकी ( pothakī )

Trachoma
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: discharging boils in the eyelids; boils with itching in the eyelids; heaviness in the boils as well as eyelids; eruptions resembling red mustard seeds; painful boils in the eyelids; white-coloured boils; thick and firm lesion; oedema; excessive discharge of rheum; pain; itching; slimy lacrimation.

पौत्तिकम् ( pauttikam )

Ghee-coloured honey
A variety of honey which resembles ghee in colour, produced by larger types of honeybee.

प्रकरणसमः ( prakaraṇasamaḥ )

Improper reason appearing identical to the subject
Improper reasoning while making an inference in a particular context; a fallacy of inference; one of the ahetu.

प्रकृतिः ( prakṛtiḥ )

An individual’s inherent nature
An individual’s inherent nature is the discrete phenotype of an individual based on physical, psychological, physiological and behavioural traits, independently of social, ethnic and geographical variables. It represents a person’s baseline state of optimal functioning of both body and mind. The predominant expression of an individual’s inherent nature in bodily functions is known as body constitution with a predominance of dosha (doshaprakṛti) and its expression in the domains of mental and physical personality is called kaya/manasaprakriti. However, for all practical purposes the doshaprakriti and kaya of an individual need to be interpreted in consideration with the following entities: ethnicity (jaati), familial inheritance, genetics (kula), the influence of a specific geographical region and climate (desha), as well as the ageing process (kala).

प्रकृतिः ( prakṛtiḥ )

Normal state, normalcy
The state of being normal in every respect, without deviation from or derangement of the normal state, function or quality.

प्रकृतिविघातः ( prakṛtivighātaḥ )

Creating conditions hostile to cause
Setting up conditions that are against the originating cause of disease.

प्रकृतिसमसमवेतसन्निपातजरोगः ( prakṛtisamasamavetasannipātajarogaḥ )

Disease symptoms in accord with dosha
A disease or condition due to coexistence of aggravated three dosha , in which dosha dominance can be understood based on symptoms.

प्रकृतिस्थापनम् ( prakṛtisthāpanam )

Restoration of health
Process of restoring health. Synonym of treatment.

प्रकोपः ( prakopaḥ )

Stage of a dosha reaching the threshold
The second stage of disease manifestation, when dosha increases to reach the threshold at its own location. This term may also indicate physiological aggravation of dosha.

प्रकोष्ठः ( prakoṣṭhaḥ )

Forearm, distal third of the forearm

प्रक्लिन्नवर्त्म/ कफोत्क्लिष्ट-वर्त्म ( praklinnavartma/ kaphotkliṣṭa-vartma )

Conjunctivitis
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a painless swelling internally and externally; inwardly moist; discharge; excessive itching; pricking sensation; stiffness of eyelids; excessive secretion of waste products; fever; syncope or swooning; nonsuppuration of eyelids; repeated sticking of eyelids even if cleansed or not.

प्रक्षालनकर्म ( prakṣālanakarma )

Irrigation, streaming
A therapeutic procedure in which the wound is cleaned by being irrigated with medicated liquids.

प्रक्षालनकर्म ( prakṣālanakarma )

Removal of foreign body by irrigation
The removal of a loosely impacted foreign body by irrigation with medicated liquid.

प्रक्षेपः ( prakṣepaḥ )

Addition of small quantity of powder at the end of preparation
Addition of powdered ingredients (generally at the end of main processing) to enhance the taste, palatability and absorption of a medicine.

प्रच्छानम् ( pracchānam )

Bloodletting by scarification or multiple incisions
Bloodletting by means of multiple small cuts.

प्रजननमलः ( prajananamalaḥ )

Smegma

प्रजायनी / प्रजननकालः ( prajāyanī / prajananakālaḥ )

Onset signs of approaching labour
This month is characterized in the pregnant woman by bodily exhaustion; a tired expression; relaxed eyes; a feeling as if the heart is separating; descent of the abdomen; heaviness in the lower abdomen; a pricking-type pain in the groin; a pricking-type pain in the bladder region; a pricking type-pain in the lower back; a pricking-type pain in the abdomen; a pricking-type pain in the sides of the chest and flanks; a pricking-type pain in the back; vaginal secretions; disinclination for food; appearance of labour pains; secretion of amniotic fluid; laxity of the abdomen; pain in the hips and pelvic region; loss of taste; excessive salivation; frequent excessive urination; pain in the thighs; abdominal pain; lower back pain; pain in the back; precordial and cardiac pain; pain in the bladder region; pain in the groin region; a breaking-type pain in the vagina; splitting type of pain in the labia; a pricking-type pain in the vagina; quivering of the vagina; vaginal secretions; a feeling as if eyes are separating; spitting; frequent excessive defecation.

प्रज्ञापराधः ( prajñāparādhaḥ )

Behaviour based on erroneous judgement
One of the three primary causes of a disease owing to behaviour based on erroneous judgement.

प्रज्ञापराधः ( prajñāparādhaḥ )

Judgement of error
An action taken based on an erroneous judgement, which may be due to a failure of wisdom, intellect or memory

प्रणिपातगमनम् ( praṇipātagamanam )

Pilgrimage
A type of therapeutic ritual:treatment of a disease by visiting a holy place to cure the ailment.

प्रतरसन्धिः ( pratarasandhiḥ )

Gliding joint

प्रतानवतीस्नायुः ( pratānavatīsnāyuḥ )

Ramified sinew

प्रतिखुरः ( pratikhuraḥ )

Obstructed fetal presentation with head, hands and feet presenting together
Abnormal fetal presentation characterized by emergence of fetal palms and feet; body obstructed; resembling horse’s hoof; a category of compound fetal presentation. Ayurvedic literature describes this as obstructed fetal presentation resembling a horse’s hoof.

प्रतिज्ञा ( pratijñā )

Proposition, proposed hypothesis
A statement requiring proof; the first step in the logical or inferential process of proving a hypothesis.

प्रतिज्ञाहानिः ( pratijñāhāniḥ )

Abandoning the hypothesis
A shift from the original hypothesis, rejection of an initial statement in response to an opponent’s views.

प्रतितूनी ( pratitūnī )

Proctalgia
A disorder characterized by pain from the anorectal and penile region which rapidly radiates upwards.

प्रतिनिधिद्रव्यम् ( pratinidhidravyam )

Alternative for an unavailable ingredient

प्रतिनिधिद्रव्यम् ( pratinidhidravyam )

Substitute drug

प्रतिपत्तिः ( pratipattiḥ )

Prompt and appropriate The ability to make correct and rapid decisions under action pressing conditions.

प्रतिमर्शः ( pratimarśaḥ )

Low-dose routine intranasal medication
A nasal cleansing therapy in which mainly oil-based medicines are instilled; it is suitable for individuals of all age groups.

प्रतिमर्शः ( pratimarśaḥ )

Removal of foreign body by nasya therapy
The removal of a loosely impacted foreign body by applying a minimal dose of nasal drops.

प्रतिवासर-अजीर्णम् ( prativāsara-ajīrṇam )

Indigestion recurring every day

प्रतिविषम् (विषोपक्रमः) ( prativiṣam (viṣopakramaḥ)

Administration of counterpoison
Administering a poison of opposite or antagonistic origin to counter the effects of a specific poison.

प्रतिश्याय प्लीहादयोः अनुवासनस्य व्यापदः ( pratiśyāya plīhādayoḥ anuvāsanasya vyāpadaḥ )

Condition caused by medicated oily enema administered to person with coryza and splenomegaly
A condition characterized by excessive aggravation of already aggravated dosha.

प्रतिश्यायः/पीनसः ( pratiśyāyaḥ/ pīnasaḥ )

Rhinitis
A disorder characterized by abdominal fullness due to constipation; headache; heaviness of body; stuffy nose; fever; cough; nausea with mucus; hoarseness of voice.

प्रतिष्ठापना ( pratiṣṭhāpanā )

Proving the alternate hypothesis
Offering a meaning or interpretation contrary to that of the proposed hypothesis.

प्रतिसारणकर्म (व्रणचिकित्सा) ( pratisāraṇakarma (vraṇacikitsā) )

External application by mild rubbing for wound management
Therapeutic procedures in which either dry or wet medicines are applied externally by mild rubbing over the skin surface.

प्रतिसारणम् ( pratisāraṇam )

Gentle application of The procedure of applying a medicated paste or powder to the medications over oral oral cavity. and periodontal regions

प्रतिसारणम् (विषोपक्रमः) ( pratisāraṇam (viṣopakramaḥ)

Gentle rubbing of medications for detoxification
A technique for gently rubbing medications like long pepper (Piper longum), black pepper (Piper nigrum), dry ginger (Zingiber officinale) and turmeric (Curcuma longa) on wounds to promote removal of the ill effects of the poison.

प्रतिसारणीयक्षारः ( pratisāraṇīyakṣāraḥ )

External application of caustic substance
One of the two modes of applying alkali.

प्रतीनाहः ( pratīnāhaḥ )

Nasal obstruction
A disorder characterized by obstruction of the nasal passage; obstructed breathing; obstructed feeling in nasal cavity; obstructed inspiration and expiration.

प्रत्यक्षम् ( pratyakṣam )

Direct perception, observation
The immediate form of cognition arising from the interaction of the five senses and objects in the world.

प्रत्यञ्जनम् ( pratyañjanam )

A type of prasādañjana applied to reduce complications such as ocular irritation and the burning sensation which may develop following application of tikṣṇāñjana (high potency collyrium).
ITA-9.5.36

प्रत्यनुयोगः ( pratyanuyogaḥ )

Counter-question
An enquiry or cross-examination based on sequential questions.

प्रत्याख्येयरोगः ( pratyākhyeyarogaḥ )

Diseases that are terminal
Diseases and conditions which cannot be successfully cured despite the best available care.

प्रत्यानाहः/प्रत्याध्मानम् ( pratyānāhaḥ/ pratyādhmānam )

Severe abdominal distension
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: abdominal distension originating from stomach, gurgling intestinal sounds/borborygmi; excessive pain; abdominal distension; obstruction of flatus.

प्रत्युत्सारः ( pratyutsāraḥ )

Negating or refuting an A statement that negates the argument of the opponent. opposing viewpoint

प्रथम-पटलगतदोषः ( prathamapaṭalagatadoṣaḥ )

Disorder affecting first layer of eye
A disorder characterized by blurring of vision; intermittent spontaneous clear vision.

प्रथम-मदः ( prathama-madaḥ )

First stage of intoxication
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: passionate desire; erotic stimulation; desire to have sexual intercourse; happiness; confusion/delirium; sleep; abnormal/unsuitable food; abnormal sounds; abnormal exhibition of any body part; enhanced intelligence; enhanced memory; enhanced affection; enhanced happiness; increased desire to drink; increased desire to eat; increased desire to sleep; increased ability to recite songs; increased quality of speech; very pleasant.

प्रथममासगर्भः ( prathamamāsa-garbhaḥ )

First month of pregnancy
This month is characterized by a small round lump; unmanifested form; though present body parts are not conspicuous

प्रदेशः ( pradeśaḥ )

A brief and incomplete or partial description of an extensive subject.

प्रदेशिनि ( pradēśinī )

Index finger

प्रदेहः ( pradehaḥ )

Thick and hot external application of paste
A type of ointment or lepa which is thick and hot.

प्रधमनकर्म ( pradhamanakarma )

Insufflation
A therapeutic procedure involving blowing or breathing air at a specific site.

प्रधमनम्/ध्मापनम् ( pradhamanam/ dhmāpanam )

Intranasal therapy with medicated powder
Administration of medicated powders via the intranasal route.

प्रधान-कर्म ( pradhāna-karma )

Main therapeutic procedure
The main therapeutic procedures usually adopted in the context of panchakarma and surgery.

प्रध्वंसाभावः ( pradhvaṃsābhāvaḥ )

Posterior nonexistence
An entity that ceases to exist after its destruction.

प्रनष्टशल्यम् ( pranaṣṭaśalyam )

Obscured foreign body
Any exogenous substance caught within body tissues and further obstructing normal functioning.

प्रपाणिः, अरत्निः ( prapāṇiḥ, aratniḥ )

Forearm

प्रबाहुः ( prabāhuḥ )

Arm

प्रभा ( prabhā )

Lustre

प्रभावः ( prabhāvaḥ )

Unique therapeutic action
An observed pharmacological action, the mechanism of which remains as yet unknown.

प्रभावर्धनम् ( prabhāvardhanam )

Lustre-enhancer
Therapies or medicines beneficial for increasing the lustre of the skin.

प्रमा ( pramā )

Knowledge
Valid knowledge.

प्रमाणः ( pramāṇaḥ )

Proof, means of valid cognition or knowledge
The tools which lead to accurate, true knowledge in Ayurveda are direct perception, observation (pratyakṣsham), codified knowledge, expert opinion (aptopadesha), inference based on observations (anumana), reasoning, understanding causation (yukti) and analogy (upamana).

प्रमाणम् ( pramāṇam )

Body measurements
Measurements of the whole or part of the body usually described in proportions based on the width of an individual’s fingers.

प्रमाथी ( pramāthī )

Substance unclogging channels in the body

प्रमार्जनकर्म ( pramārjanakarma )

Removal of foreign body by wiping or cleaning
The removal of a loosely impacted foreign body by wiping or cleaning.

प्रमार्जनकर्म ( pramārjanakarma )

Wiping
A therapeutic procedure in which a wound is wiped with a finger or soft cloth.

प्रमेयः ( prameyaḥ )

Object of knowledge, the object of investigation
The objects of enquiry in any given discipline or field.

प्रमेहः ( pramehaḥ )

Polyuria disorders
Group of disorders characterized by increased urinary quantity and frequency with or without turbidity.

प्रमेहपिडका ( pramehapiḍakā )

Carbuncles

प्रयत्नः ( prayatnaḥ )

Effort
The quality of being stimulated or striving to achieve an object.

प्रयोजनम् ( Prayojanam )

Aim, objective
A statement that clarifies the aims and objectives of a proposed activity or action.

प्रलेपः ( pralepaḥ )

Thin and cold external application of paste
A type of ointment or lepa which is thin and cold and dries quickly.

प्रवाहणकर्म ( pravāhaṇakarma )

Removal of foreign body by straining
The removal of a loosely impacted foreign body by straining.

प्रवाहिका ( pravāhikā )

Dysentery
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: strained defecation, stools mixed with blood; thirst; colicky pain in abdomen; internal burning sensation; proctitis; fever; burning sensation.

प्रवाहिकाबस्तिव्यापत् ( pravāhikābastivyāpat )

Condition of gripping strained defecation, stools mixed with blood; thirst; colicky pain in abdomen and pain in abdomen; internal burning sensation; proctitis; fever; stools mixed with blood burning sensation. due to faulty enema therapy

प्रवाहिणी ( pravāhiṇī )

Superior rectal fold
One of the transverse folds of the rectum or plicae recti.

प्रविचारणास्नेहः/ विचारणास्नेहः ( pravicāraṇāsnehaḥ/ vicāraṇāsnehaḥ )

Intake of ghee or oily substance in combination with other material(s)
A method of inducing oleation by administering various unctuous substances along with food or medicines.

प्रवृत्तिः ( pravṛttiḥ )

Action
The onset of a treatment or therapeutic action.

प्रशमनम् ( praśamanam )

Palliation
The process of disease abatement or containment. Synonym of treatment.

प्रशस्त-आहारकालः ( praśasta-āhārakālaḥ )

Appropriate time for food intake

प्रशस्तयोनिः ( praśastayoniḥ )

Normal female external genitalia

प्रसक्त च्छर्दि वमनस्य व्यपदः ( prasakta cchardi vamanasya vyapadaḥ )

Condition caused by emetic therapy administered to person already subject to incessant vomiting
A condition characterized by enema moving upwards due to aggravated vata.

प्रसक्त च्छर्दिर्निष्ठीविका श्वास कासहिक्कार्तानां आस्थापनस्य व्यापदः ( prasakta cchardirniṣṭhīvikā śvāsa kāsahikkārtānāṃ āsthāpanasya vyāpadaḥ )

Condition caused by medicated decoction enema administered to person who is vomiting, and has excessive mucosal secretions, breathing problems, cough and hiccups
A condition characterized by enema moves upward due to aggravated vata.

प्रसङ्गः ( prasaṅgaḥ )

Contextual repetition
Repetition of a previously cited statement when it acquires relevance in another context.

प्रसरः ( prasaraḥ )

Stage of a dosha spreading beyond its own location
The third stage of disease manifestation, when aggravated dosha migrates outside its own location.

प्रसादः ( prasādaḥ )

Nutrient part of food
The nutrient component formed during the various processes of biotransformation.

प्रसादनाञ्जनम् ( prasādanāñjanam )

Collyrium with soothing effect
A type of collyrium with soothing effect.

प्रसादाञ्जन-अतियोगः ( prasādāñjana-atiyogaḥ )

Condition due to overdosage of soothing collyrium

प्रसादाञ्जन-अपचारः ( prasādāñjana-apacāraḥ )

Condition due to improper application of soothing collyrium

प्रसादाञ्जन-अयोगः ( prasādāñjana-ayogaḥ )

Condition due to underdosage of soothing collyrium
A condition characterized by no desired effect following the administration of soothing collyrium.

प्रसूतितन्त्र, स्त्रीरोग ( prasūtītantra, strīroga )

Obstetrics, gynecology

प्रसृतिः ( prasṛtiḥ )

Measure of weight approximately equal to 96 g
Measure of weight equal to 8 karsha or 2 pala.

प्रस्तरस्वेदः ( prastarasvedaḥ )

Sweating induced by lying on bed
A type of sudation therapy in which diaphoresis is achieved by the person lying down on a bed to which a prewarmed medicine has been applied.

प्रस्तार्यर्म ( prastāryarma )

Pterygium
A disorder characterized by a spreading membranous growth; thin membranous growth; membranous growth resembling blood; bluish tinge; soft membranous growth; sudden membranous growth; painless; having blackish and bloodlike lustre.

प्रस्थः ( prasthaḥ )

Measure of weight approximately equal to 768 gm
Measure of weight equal to 64 karsha or 2 manika.

प्राकाम्यम् ( prākāmyam )

Irresistible will
The ability to become irresistible, the condition of not being subject to another’s will.

प्राकृतदोषः ( prākṛtadoṣaḥ )

Normal state of dosha in health
The normal physiological state of dosha underpinning a state of equilibrium and bodily health.

प्रागभावः ( prāgabhāvaḥ )

Prior nonexistence
Antecedent nonbeing of an entity before its production or manifestation.

प्राणः ( prāṇaḥ )

Vata, dosha that provides the attribute of life to an organism, life force
Subtype of vata seated in the head and controlling the intellect, heart, sensory and motor organs and mind. It also regulates activities such as respiration, spitting, sneezing, belching and swallowing. Also denotes life or vitality, which is evidenced by breathing and all kinds of movements relating to the living body.

प्राणप्रत्यागमनम् ( prāṇapratyāgamanam )

Neonatal resuscitation
Stepwise measures to resuscitate the baby immediately after birth.

प्राणवहस्रोतः ( prāṇavahasrotaḥ )

Conduit for vital life
Channels in the body which originate from the heart and carry and circulate vital life (prana) throughout the body.

प्राणवहस्रोतोदुष्टिः ( prāṇavahasrotoduṣṭiḥ )

Vitiation of channels carrying vital life force
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: severe restricted expiration; agitated expiration; slow expiration; frequent expiration; expiration with loud sounds; expiration with pain

प्राणवहस्रोतोविद्धः ( prāṇavahasrotoviddhaḥ )

Injury to the conduit for vital life force
A disorder characterized by flexion/bending of body; semiconsciousness or stupefaction; vertigo; shivering/ tremors; screaming; death.

प्राणवातकोपः ( prāṇavātakopaḥ )

Aggravation of life force
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: hiccups; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; impairment of sense organs, notably the eye; cold catarrh; facial paralysis; thirst and cough.

प्राणायतनम्, जीवितायतनम्, जीवितधाम ( prāṇāyatanam, jīvitāyatanam, jīvitadhāma )

Seats of vital life force
There are ten of these locations: temporal region (right, left), heart, urinary bladder, head, throat, rectum, blood, semen and ojas.

प्रातिनियमिकीसिद्धिः ( prātiniyamikīsiddhiḥ )

Real effect
The real and attributable effect of a medicine or treatment, when it is possible to confirm that a clinical outcome is the result of a given course of action.

प्राधानिकहेतुः ( prādhānikahetuḥ )

Dominant causative factor
A dominant causative factor plays a preponderant role in giving rise to a disease or condition: this kind of factor produces instantaneous vitiation of the dosha, damaging the tissues even before being processed in the body, and is therefore very potent, e.g. a poison.

प्राधान्यसम्प्राप्तिः ( Prādhānyasamprāptiḥ )

Significance-based pathogenesis
Pathogenesis subclassification based on the primary or secondary ailment.

प्रायश्चित्तम् ( prāyaścittam )

Amendment to wrong behaviour
Correction of wrong behaviour, leading to disease alleviation. Synonym of treatment.

प्रायश्चित्तम् ( prāyaścittam )

Atonement, compensatory rites
A type of therapeutic ritual.

प्रायोगिकधूमपानम् ( prāyogikadhūmapānam )

Prophylactic medicated smoking
The procedure of medicated smoking that can routinely be practised by healthy persons.

प्रास्रवणम् ( prāsravaṇam )

Water derived from a spring or fountain
A type of water obtained from small falls or fountains.

प्रेतकायः ( pretakāyaḥ )

Person with sorrowful, jealous temperament
The characteristics of the person with a sorrowful, jealous temperament are a dislike of giving possessions to others, laziness, unhappiness, jealousy of others’ progress, greediness or lack of charity.

प्रेत्य ( pretya )

After death
Having died, after death, in the next world.

प्लीहा ( plīhā )

Spleen

प्लीहोदरः ( plīhodaraḥ )

Abdominal enlargement due to enlarged plīha (splenomegaly)
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: progressive enlargement of the spleen, debility, lack of taste in mouth, indigestion, constipation, retention of urine, darkness in front of the eyes, excessive thirst, body ache, vomiting, transient loss of consciousness, tiredness in the body parts, cough, dyspnea, mild fever, flatulence, loss of appetite, emaciation, abnormal taste in the mouth, pain in joint of the digits, abdominal pain due to morbid vata, abnormal pinkish coloration of the abdomen, discoloration of the abdominal wall; abdominal wall showing bluish-greenish-yellowish linear stretch marks.

फणम् (मर्म) ( phaṇam (marma) )

Vulnerable location(s) on either side of the nasal passage
Two in number (one on each side) which when injured leads to loss of smell.

फलप्राशनसंस्कारः ( phalaprāśanasaṁskāraḥ )

Fruit-feeding ceremony
A ceremony at which fruit-feeding is initiated in the sixth month before graduating to feeding on cooked food (annaprāśana).

फलवर्गः ( phalavargaḥ )

Group of fruits
In general, fruits that are eaten after they ripen are classified as group of fruits e.g. grapes, pomegranate and mango. Fruits that are eaten raw are classified as a group of vegetables.

फलविषः ( phalaviṣaḥ )

Poisonous fruits
Poisoning characterized by scrotal oedema; burning sensation; aversion to food.

फाण्टम्, चूर्णद्रवः ( phāṇṭam, cūrṇadravaḥ )

Hot infusion

फुफ्फुसः ( phuphphusaḥ )

Lung

फे निलरे तोदोषः ( phenilaretodoṣaḥ )

Frothy semen
Semen with excessive froth.

फेनमेहः ( phenamehaḥ )

Polyuria disorder with urine associated with froth
A disorder characterized by micturating in small quantities rapidly; transparent clear urination; frothy micturition.

बडिशशस्त्रम् ( baḍiśaśastram )

Hook
A type of hook used for extraction.

बदराश्मः ( badarāśmaḥ )

Silicate of lime
Duly processed badarashma is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbomineral pharmaceutical formulations.

बद्धगुदोदरः ( baddhagudodaraḥ )

Abdominal enlargement due to obstructed bowels
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: thirst; burning sensation; fever; dryness of mouth; dryness of palate; fatigue in thighs; cough; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; weakness; loss of taste; indigestion; suppression of faeces; obstructed elimination of urine; abdominal distension; vomiting; sneezing; headache; precordial pain/cardiac pain; pain in umbilical region; anal pain; obstructed flatus; rigid abdomen; reddening of abdomen; bluish striae over abdomen; bluish veins over abdomen; no striae; cow-tail protrusion of umbilicus; impacted stools in rectum/anus; passage of scanty faeces with difficulty; increased abdominal swelling between heart and umbilicus in epigastric region; faecal odour of abdomen.

बद्धोदर; छिद्रोदरः; उदकोदर; आध्मानार्तानां आस्थापनस्यव्यापदः ( baddhodara; chidrodara; udakodara; ādhmānārtānāṃ āsthāpanasyavyāpadaḥ )

Condition caused by medicated decoction enema administered to person with partial intestinal obstruction, perforation, ascites or abdominal distension
A condition characterized by severe distension leading to death.

बन्धनकर्म ( bandhanakarma )

Bandaging
A method to immobilize injured body parts and cover wounded regions.

बन्धनकर्म ( bandhanakarma )

Bandaging
Various types of bandaging procedures or shapes used in treatment.

बन्धनकर्म (व्रणचिकित्सा) ( bandhanakarma (vraṇacikitsā) )

Bandaging
Therapeutic bandaging for faster wound healing by softening and keeping the wound clean.

बलम्, व्याधिक्षमत्वम् ( balam, vyādhikṣamatvam )

Immunity, strength, physical endurance
This is classified into three types: innate strength, acquired strength and seasonal strength

बलसम्प्राप्तिः ( balasamprāptiḥ )

Intensity-specific pathogenesis
Pathogenesis subclassification based on the strength of the disease or condition.

बलासः ( balāsaḥ )

Inflammatory swelling of throat
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a large swelling in the throat; pain in throat; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; affecting/damaging vital parts or marmasthāna.

बलासकः ( balāsakaḥ )

Conjunctival cyst
A disorder characterized by a growth resembling a water drop and having a bell metal lustre occurring in the white sclera of eye and neither soft nor painful; resembling water drops; hard swelling; painless swelling; reddish swelling; extensive swelling; heaviness; smooth/unctuous/oily.

बलिः ( baliḥ )

Offerings to deity excluding animal sacrifice
A type of therapeutic ritual: treatment of a disease whereby something auspicious is offered to the deity to cure the ailment.

बस्ति-अभिघातः ( basti-abhighātaḥ )

Injury to the urinary bladder
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: spiralling spasm in the urinary bladder or basti; upward movement of vata in the abdomen; palpable glandular enlargement in abdomen/abdominal lump; hard tumour caused by vata; bladder spasticity; stasis of flatus; stasis of urine; stasis of faeces; pain in groin; penile pain; colicky pain in urinary bladder or basti; catching sensation in umbilical region; catching sensation in lower abdominal region; catching sensation in anus; catching sensation in the pelvis.

बस्तिः, वस्तिः, मूत्रवस्ति, मूत्राशयः, मलाधारः ( bastiḥ, vastiḥ, mūtravasti, mūtrāśayaḥ, malādhāraḥ )

Urinary bladder

बस्तिकर्म ( bastikarma )

Therapeutic enema
The therapeutic application of medicated liquids via the rectal, urethral or vaginal routes.

बस्तिकर्म (व्रणचिकित्सा) ( bastikarma (vraṇacikitsā) )

Therapeutic enema for wound management
Anorectal administration of a medicated emulsion or unctuous substance especially for promoting healing of the wounds in the lower half of the body.

बस्तिकर्मचिकित्सापचारः ( bastikarmacikitsāpacāraḥ )

Condition due to improper administration of enema therapy

बस्तिकुण्डलः ( bastikuṇḍalaḥ )

Massive bladder distension
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: colicky pain in abdomen; pulsating sensation; burning sensation; dropwise passage of urine; feeling of rigidity; cramp-like pains; pain; passage of urine after pressing below umbilicus.

बस्तिव्यापद् ( bastivyāpad )

Condition due to improper administration of enema

बहलवर्त्म ( bahalavartma )

Multiple Meibomian cysts
A disorder characterized by the whole eyelid being full of boils; having same colour as eyelids; even boils; large muscular growth; firm colourless boils in eyelids.

बहिःपरिमार्जनम् ( bahiḥparimārjanam )

External cleansing therapies
Therapeutic procedures involving the external application of medicines.

बहिरायामः/बाह्यायामः/ धनुःस्तम्भः ( bahirāyāmaḥ/ bāhyāyāmaḥ/ dhanuḥstambhaḥ )

Opisthotonus
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: backward bending of head; elevation of chest; torticollis/stiffness of neck; bending of neck/neck pain; grinding of teeth/biting; yawning; salivation; choked voice; confusion/weakness after the attack/episode; breaking type of pain in chest; back or thigh.

बहिर्वेगज्वरः ( bahirvegajvaraḥ )

Fever in which dosha and A disorder characterized by high-grade external temperature; symptoms are located in decreased severity of thirst. supportive tissues

बहुपानम् ( bahupānam )

Sweating induced by drinking large amounts of alcohol
A type of sudation therapy in which diaphoresis is achieved by excessive intake of alcoholic beverages.

बाधनम् ( bādhanam )

Acute toxin
One of the two types of hazardous substance which produces an immediate harmful effect after use, e.g. poisoning, burning by fire or cutting with a sharp instrument.

बाधिर्यम् ( bādhiryam )

Deafness
A disorder characterized by deafness/hearing impairment.

बालः ( bālaḥ )

Child
The child between one and 16 years of age.

बालः, रोम, लोम, अङ्गजम् ( bālaḥ, roma, loma, aṅgajam )

Body hair

बालचिकित्सा, कौमारभृत्यम् ( bālacikitsā, kaumārabhṛtyam )

Child and maternal health
The clinical speciality of Ayurveda dealing with child and maternal health and obstetrics; its scope extends to cover pre- and postnatal care.

बालभेषजमात्रा ( bālabheṣajamātrā )

Paediatric drug dosage
A term indicating the special drug dosage patterns for the paediatric age-group.

बालरोगः ( bālarogaḥ )

Paediatric diseases
Diseases of children aged between birth and 16 years.

बाहुः, भुजा ( bāhuḥ, bhujā )

Upper limb

बाहुनलकम् ( Bāhunalakam )

Humerus

बाहुपिण्डिका ( bāhu-piṇḍikā )

Bicipital prominence

बाहुपृष्ठम् ( bāhupṛṣṭham )

Posterior part of the upper limb

बाहुमध्यम्, भुजमध्यम् ( bāhumadhyam, bhujamadhyam )

Middle part of the upperlimb

बाहुमर्म ( Bāhumarma )

Vulnerable location(s) in the upper limbs
Marma located in the upper limbs.

बाहुमूलम् ( bāhumūlam )

Shoulder region

बाह्यजकृमिः ( bāhyajakṛmiḥ )

External worm infestation
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: itching; wheal-like skin eruptions; papules/ eruptions; nodular swelling.

बाह्यस्नेहः ( bāhyasnehaḥ )

External oleation
External oleation of the body.

बाह्यहेतुः ( bāhyahetuḥ )

Extrinsic cause
External causes that include vitiation of dosha through alterations in food, behavioural patterns and time.

बिडालक: ( biḍālaka: )

Lid ointment
A therapeutic procedure in which a medicated paste is applied over the closed eyelids.

बिसवर्त्म ( bisavartma )

Ulcerative conjunctivitis
A disorder characterized by external swelling; many minute openings on internal surface; multiple pores resembling the underground lotus stem; watery discharge internally.

बीज: ( bīja )

Seed, germinative matrix
Male seed (pumbija) or female seed (stribija).

बीजकः ( bījakaḥ )

Obstructed fetal presentation with the head and one hand presenting
Abnormal fetal presentation characterized by emergence of fetal head and one hand; a category of compound fetal presentation. Ayurvedic literature describes this as obstructed foetal presentation resembling a sprouting seed.

बीजभागः ( bījabhāgaḥ )

Part of seed

बीजभागावयवः ( bījabhāgāvayavaḥ )

Subpart of seed

बीजम् ( bījam )

Seed
Factors responsible for conception.

बीजोपघातजन्य-क्लैब्यम् ( bījopaghātajanyaklaibyam )

Genetic impotency
Impotency due to genetic causes or parental factors passed on to the child.

बुद्धिः ( buddhiḥ )

Intelligence, intellect
The power of forming and retaining concepts and general notions: intelligence, reason, intellect, discernment or judgement.

बुद्बुदम् ( budbudam )

Stage of fetal development resembling the blastula

बृंहण-अतियोगः ( bṛṃhaṇa-atiyogaḥ )

Condition of excessive nourishing therapy
Transformative factors at structural component level which governs the transformation of one fundamental structural component into another: i.e. primary circulating nutrient metabolic factors, blood metabolic factors, muscle metabolic factors, fat metabolic factors, bone metabolic factors, bonemarrow metabolic factors, semen and reproductive tissue metabolic factors.

बृंहण-अपचारः ( bṛṃhaṇa-apacāraḥ )

Condition due to improper nourishing therapy

बृंहणधूमपानम् ( bṛṃhaṇadhūmapānam )

Nourishing medicated smoking
The procedure of medicated smoking with nourishing effect.

बृंहणनस्यम् ( bṛmhaṇanasyam )

Nourishing intranasal therapy
A type of nasya therapy with the primary aim of nourishment.

बृंहणम् (व्रणचिकित्सा) ( bṛmhaṇam (vraṇacikitsā) )

Restorative measures
Therapeutic measures for restoring and increasing bodily tissues.

बृंहणम्/बृंहणचिकित्सा ( bṛṁhaṇam/ bṛṁhaṇacikitsā )

Bulk-enhancing
One of the six types of treatment modalities: a procedure which is nutritive, nourishing, increases body weight, promotes growth or enhances bulk.

बृंहणीयः ( bṛṃhaṇīyaḥ )

Bulk-promoting

बृहती (मर्म) ( bṛhatī (marma)

Vulnerable location(s) in the mid back
Two in number which when injured causes death due to complications arising from severe bleeding.

बृहत्त्रयी, (चरकसंहिता, सुश्रुतसंहिता, अष्टाङ्गसंग्रह, अष्टाङ्गहृदय) ( bṛhattrayī (Carakasaṃhita, Suśrutasaṃhita, Aṣṭāṅgasamgraha, Aṣṭāṅgahṛdaya) )

Major triad of Ayurveda texts
The three principal texts of Ayurveda. Carakasamhita, Sushrutasamhita and the writings of Vāgbhaṭa: Ashtangasamgraha and Ashtangahridaya.

बोधककफः ( bodhaka-kaphaḥ )

Taste-perceiving kapha
Subtype of kapha seated in the tongue which assists with the perception of taste.

बोधनम्, रोधनम् ( Bodhanam, rodhanam )

Potentiation of mercury.

ब्रह्मकायः ( brahmakāyaḥ )

Person with pure, truthful temperament
The characteristics of the person with a pure, truthful temperament are purity, devoutness, knowledge seeking, respectful of elders, a good host and an ardent performer of rituals.

ब्रह्मचर्यम् ( brahmacaryam )

Celibacy
Non-indulgence in sensual pleasures including sexual activity.

भक्तसंयुक्तम्, सभक्तः, सान्नम्, सम्भोज्यम् ( bhaktasaṃyuktam, sabhaktaḥ, sānnam, sambhojyam. )

Administration of medicine mixed with food

भक्तिः ( bhaktiḥ )

Devotion
A natural attachment, inclination or fondness for something; often used as a synonym for faith or love.

भक्ष्यम् ( bhakṣyam )

Eatables
A substance that can be consumed orally.

भगः ( bhagaḥ )

Pubic region

भगन्दरः ( bhagandaraḥ )

Anal fistula
Fistula of the ano-rectal region. An anorectal abscess formed due to vitiated dosha or trauma, results in an abnormal tract or tunnel (fistula) which breaks through the perineum, anus and/or bladder regions, and discharges pus. This results in a chronic nonhealing fistula.

भगन्दरपूर्वरूपम् ( bhagandarapūrvarūpam )

Prodromal symptoms of anal fistula
The early stage of bhagandaraḥ is characterized by pain at iliac region/iliac bones; itching; burning sensation; anal oedema; nodule leading to fistula-in-ano; burning sensation; pain.

भगास्थि ( bhagāsthi )

Pubic bone

भग्नः ( bhagnaḥ )

Fracture
A condition characterized by marked swelling; inability to bear movement or rotation and touch; crepitus on squeezing; looseness of parts; appearance of various types of pain; no relief of pain in any posture

भग्नसन्धानम्, भग्नसन्धानकरः ( bhagnasandhānam, bhagnasandhānakaraḥ )

Substance aiding in union of fractures

भञ्जनकर्म ( bhañjanakarma )

Crushing
A surgical procedure in which foreign bodies lodged inbody tissues are morcellated, e.g. crushing of urinary calculus.

भयः ( bhayaḥ )

Sweating induced by fear
A type of sudation therapy in which diaphoresis is achieved by frightening the person.

भस्म ( Bhasma )

Calcinated minerals, metals or marine products
The ashes of minerals or metals obtained by calcination or incineration.

भस्मपरीक्षा [वारितर, रे खापूर्णता, निश्चन्द्र, निरुत्थ, अपुनर्भव] ( bhasmaparīkṣā [: vāritara, rekhāpurṇatā,, niścandra, niruttha, apunarbhava ] )

Testing of calcinated minerals
An assay of calcinated minerals based on the following criteria: verifying microfine nature by flotation on water (varitara), filling in the flexor creases of the hand (rekhapurnata), non-lustrous nature (nischandra) and non-reversal to metallic state (niruttha, apunarbhava).

भाजनम् ( bhājanam )

Processing by use of specific vessels or utensils
A type of food processing in which the properties of food items are modified by using specific utensils for preparation, eating and storage.

भानुपाकः, आदित्यपाक ( bhānupākaḥ, ādityapāka )

Processing, heating with sunlight
The process of simply heating substances with sunlight.

भारः ( bhāraḥ )

Measure of weight approximately equal to 96 kg
Measure of weight equal to 8000 karsha or 20 tula.

भारः/पौतवमानम् ( bhāraḥ/pautavamānam )

Measurement of weight

भावना ( bhāvanā )

Trituration

भिन्न-सद्योव्रणः ( bhinna-sadyovraṇaḥ )

Stab injury

भिषङ्निमित्तजः ( bhiṣaṅnimittajaḥ )

Physician-related adverse event
An adverse event due to an act of negligence or omission specifically committed by the treating physician.

भुक्तभक्त; पीतोदकस्य आस्थापनस्य व्यापदः ( bhuktabhakta; pītodakasya āsthāpanasya vyāpadaḥ )

Condition caused by medicated decoction enema administered to person who has eaten and drunk water
A condition characterized by instantaneous appearance of serious ailments.

भुक्तादिः, अन्नादौ, प्राग्भक्तः ( bhuktādiḥ, annādau, prāgbhaktaḥ )

Administration of medicine at the beginning of a meal

भुजशिखरम् ( bhujaśikharam )

Proximal part of the upper limb

भूताग्निः ( bhūtāgniḥ )

Transforming factors acting at the level of the basic elements
Transformative factors at the level of the five basic elements. It acts at two levels: 1. together with digestive fire during digestion; and 2. together with metabolic factors located in structural components during fundamental structural component level metabolism. There are five types: transforming factors of earth element, water element, fire element, air element and space element.

भूतात्मा ( bhūtātmā )

Self-embodied being
The soul in association with the living body, the vital principle as the proximate cause of life and action.

भूस्वेदः ( bhūsvedaḥ )

Sweating induced by lying on warmed earth surface
Sudation achieved by a person lying on the warmed earth surface in a controlled environment protected from breezes.

भेदः ( bhedaḥ )

Stage of disease developing into subtypes or leading to complications
The sixth stage of disease manifestation kālaḥ, when the established disease or condition differentiates into subtypes based on dosha and which may signal complications.

भेदनकर्म ( bhedanakarma )

Incision
Incision procedure for wound management.

भेदनकर्म ( bhedanakarma )

Incision and drainage
The procedure of incising a fluid-filled cavity for drainage.

भेदनकर्म ( bhedanakarma )

Removal of foreign body by incision
The removal of a loosely impacted foreign body by incision.

भेदनम् ( bhedanam )

Strong laxative
A type of therapeutic action which breaks down faecal matter or vitiated dosha and expels them.

भेद्यरोगः ( bhedyarogaḥ )

Eye disorders for incision
Eye diseases in which the surgical procedure of incision is indicated.

भेषजनिमित्तजः ( bheṣajanimittajaḥ )

Treatment-related adverse event
An adverse event due to an inappropriate or inadequate treatment.

भेषजम् ( bheṣajam )

Procedure or medicine
A procedure or medicine used in the treatment of disease.

भेषजम् ( bheṣajam )

Remedy
“Bheṣaja” is a comprehensive term representing different treatment approaches in the direct administration of medicines. It is also used to indicate a remedy, medicine, medicament, drug or incantation, and is generally considered to have two modes: one which bestows well-being in healthy individuals and the other which alleviates diseases.

भेषजागारः, भेषजगृहम् ( bheṣajāgāraḥ, bheṣajagṛham )

Pharmacy

भैषज्यकल्पना ( bhaiṣajyakalpanā )

Ayurvedic pharmaceuticals

भैषज्यकालः / औषधकालः ( bhaiṣajyakālaḥ / auṣadhakālaḥ )

Time of administration of a medicine
Frequency or dosage interval

भ्रंशथुः ( bhraṃśathuḥ )

Thick saltish nasal discharge
A disorder characterized by excessive secretion of viscid dense mucus; excessive undigested sour secretion; excessive salty mucus discharge.

भ्राजकपित्तम् ( bhrājakapittam )

Pitta for complexion
Subtype of pitta seated in the skin which is responsible for its glossiness or lustre.

भ्रामरम् ( bhrāmaram )

Whitish honey from large bees
A variety of whitish-coloured honey produced by large black bees.

भ्रूः ( bhrūḥ )

Eyebrows

मक्षिका-दष्टः ( makṣikā-daṣṭaḥ )

Reaction due to sting of honeybee
Poisoning characterized by itching; oedema; burning sensation; pain; brownish-coloured papules; fever; death.

मङ्गलम् ( maṅgalam )

Auspicious offerings
A type of therapeutic ritual.

मज्जाक्षयः ( majjākṣayaḥ )

Diminution of bone marrow
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: decaying of bony tissue; weakness; lightness; repeated afflictions with vāta roga; reduced quantity of semen/śukra; breaking type of pain in small joints; pricking/ piercing type of bone pain; feeling of emptiness in bones; porousness of bones; giddiness/dizziness; blackouts.

मज्जागतमसूरिका ( majjāgatamasūrikā )

Lentil-shaped pox disease localized in bone marrow
Same symptoms as lentil-shaped eruptive disorder localized in asthidhātu.

मज्जागतवातः ( majjāgatavātaḥ )

Aggravation of vata in bone marrow
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: cracking type of pain in bone and small joints; pain in joints; extreme wasting of muscles/diminution of muscle mass; loss of physical strength or weakness; insomnia/sleeplessness; constant pain; porousness of bones; stiffness.

मज्जाधातुः, अस्थिसारम् ( majjā-dhātuḥ, asthisāram )

Bone marrow
The sixth of the seven fundamental structural components. It is the soft organic material that fills bone cavities. Its function is replenishment of body tissues.

मज्जाधातुगतज्वरः ( majjādhātugatajvaraḥ )

Fever due to vitiated bone marrow
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: hiccups; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; cough; feeling of entering into absolute darkness/black-outs; affects/damage of marmasthāna; internal burning and external coldness; burning sensation internally; rigors/chills; laboured breathing; vomiting.

मज्जाधात्वग्निः ( majjādhātvagniḥ )

Metabolic factors The transformative factor which converts bone to bone marrow located in bone marrow

मज्जामेहः ( majjāmehaḥ )

Polyuria disorder with urine resembling bone marrow
A disorder characterized by passage of urine mixed with bone marrow; passage of urine resembling bone marrow; recurrent passage of urine.

मज्जावहस्रोतः ( majjāvahasrotaḥ )

Channel carrying bone marrow
The pathway for bone marrow. Entities related to this channel are bone and joints.

मज्जावहस्रोतोदुष्टिः ( majjāvahasrotoduṣṭiḥ )

Vitiation of channels carrying bone marrow
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: pain in the joints, giddiness, fainting and deep-seated wounds in the joint.

मज्जावृद्धिः ( majjāvṛddhiḥ )

Morbid increase of bone marrow
A disorder characterized by heaviness of the whole body; heaviness of eyes; redness of eyes; redness of body; furuncles at the base of small joints.

मज्जावैषम्यम् ( majjāvaiṣamyam )

Disproportion of bone marrow
Changes in the normal quantity and quality of bone marrow.

मज्जासारः ( majjasāraḥ )

Person with predominance or essence of bone marrow
Characterized by features such as, having soft body parts; good physical strength; unctuous complexion; pleasant and soft voice; large and round joints; longevity; strength and excellence in learning, attainment of wealth, knowledge and honour.

मञ्जिष्ठामेहः ( mañjiṣṭhāmehaḥ )

Polyuria disorder with urine resembling Rubia cordifolia decoction
A disorder characterized by passage of urine resembling Rubia cordifolia decoction; profuse urination; urine smelling like raw flesh.

मणिः ( maṇiḥ )

Glans penis

मणिधारणम् ( maṇidhāraṇam )

Gem wearing
A type of therapeutic ritual: treatment of a disease through wearing appropriate gems or precious stones depending on the disease itself.

मणिबन्धः, करमूलम्, पाणिमूलम् ( maṇibandhaḥ, karamūlam, pāṇimūlam )

Wrist

मण्डः ( maṇḍaḥ )

Supernatant liquid obtained after draining boiled rice
The liquid portion of rice prepared by adding 14 parts water to one part rice.

मण्डलकुष्ठः/कफजकुष्ठः ( maṇḍalakuṣṭhaḥ/ kaphajakuṣṭhaḥ )

Skin disease with discoid lesions
A skin disease characterized by smooth/unctuous/oily lesions; heaviness; raised lesions with glossy margins; hard margins; yellowish margins; whitish appearance; reddish appearance; covered with whitish hairs; excessive/copious discharge; profuse discharge; slimy discharge; excessive moistness/ soddening; excessive itching; excessive worms; slowly spreading; slow onset; slow onset of complications.

मण्डलबन्धः ( maṇḍalabandhaḥ )

Circular bandage
A type of bandage applied in circular manner.

मण्डलम् ( maṇḍalam )

Generic areas of eye and adnexa

मण्डलसन्धिः ( maṇḍalasandhiḥ )

Circular joint

मण्डलाग्रशस्त्रम् ( maṇḍalāgraśastram )

Circular knife
A type of sharp instrument with a circular edge which is used for curetting or excising tissue.

मण्डूकदष्टः ( maṇḍūkadaṣṭaḥ )

Reaction due to contact with a frog
Poisoning characterized by itching at site; yellowish froth from mouth; burning sensation; vomiting; syncope or swooning; sleep.

मण्डूरम् ( maṇḍūram )

Iron rust
Iron oxide (Fe2O3.H2O). Duly processed mandura is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations.

मत्त मूर्च्छितयोर आस्थापनस्य व्यापदः ( matta mūrcchitayora āsthāpanasya vyāpadaḥ )

Condition caused by medicated non oily enema administered to person who is intoxicated, swooning
A condition characterized by mental damage.

मथितः ( mathitaḥ )

Buttermilk prepared by churning curd after removing cream
A type of buttermilk prepared by churning curd and the removing cream.

मदः ( madaḥ )

Arrogance
A state of being emotionally aroused, prideful and stubborn.

मदः ( madaḥ )

Intoxication other than alcohol-induced
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: incoherent speech; excessive speech; fast speech; unstable movements; uncoordinated actions; dry body appearance; blackish body appearance; slightly reddish complexion.

मदकारी ( madakārī )

Narcotic, intoxicant
Substances hampering the intellectual functions following consumption, e.g. alcohol.

मदात्ययः/पानात्ययः ( madātyayaḥ/ pānātyayaḥ )

Alcohol intoxication
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: fainting/severe confusion; precordial pain/ cardiac pain; loose motions/diarrhoea; continuous thirst; saumya āgneya; fever; loss of taste; headache; pain in flanks; pain in bones; tremors; injury to vital points; stiffness of sacroiliac region; chest tightness; errors of refraction/partial blindness; cough; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; being awake; excessive sweating; constipation/abdominal fullness; oedema; instability of mind; excessive talking/irrelevant speech/incoherent speech; vomiting; nausea/provocation of dosha; giddiness or dizziness; having unpleasant dreams.

मदात्ययित विरेचनव्यापत् ( madātyayitavirecanavyāpat )

Condition caused by purgation therapy administered to person intoxicated by alcohol
A condition characterized by its life-endangering risk.

मद्यजमदः ( madyajamadaḥ )

Second stage of intoxication
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: incoherent intelligence; incoherent memory; incoherent speech; incoherent actions; lunatic appearance and behaviour; furious nature; recurrent lethargy; recurrent sleepiness.

मद्यजमूर्च्छा ( madyajamūrcchā )

Syncope due to alcoholism
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: drowsing while talking irrelevantly; remaining unconscious and bewildered; flinging limbs in all directions.

मद्यपानातियोगः ( madyapānātiyogaḥ )

Disorder due to abusive ingestion of alcoholic beverages

मद्यवर्गः ( madyavargaḥ )

Group of alcoholic drinks
The group of alcoholic drinks such as wine prepared by fermentation of grains and fruits.

मधुक्रोडः ( madhukroḍaḥ )

Fritter with sweet stuffing
A type of food preparation in which a sweet substance is coated in batter and fried.

मधुमेह कुष्ठिनोर्व्याधे: आस्थापनस्य व्यापदः ( madhumeha kuṣṭhinorvyādheḥ āsthāpanasya vyāpadaḥ )

Condition caused by medicated decoction enema administered to person with diabetes and skin diseases
A condition characterized by an aggravation of the clinical features of madhumeha kuṣṭa.

मधुमेहः/क्षौद्रमेहः ( madhumehaḥ/ kṣaudramehaḥ )

Polyuria disorder with urine resembling honey
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: passage of astringent urine; passage of sweet urine; passage of nonunctuous urine; pale urine; urine resembling honey; honey-coloured urine.

मधुर-रसः, स्वादुः ( madhura-rasaḥ, svāduḥ )

Sweet taste

मधुररसातियोगः ( madhurarasātiyogaḥ )

Disorder due to excessive intake of sweet substances
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: obesity; moistness/softness of skin; lethargy; excessive sleep; heaviness; aversion to food; diminution of agni; fleshy growth in mouth/face; fleshy growth in throat region; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; cough; cold catarrh; clinical features of alasaka; fever with chills; borborygmi with distension; sweetness in mouth; vomiting; loss of consciousness; loss of voice; glandular swelling in jaw; neck and throat region/goitre; series of nodules in neck region; elephantiasis; swelling in throat; feeling of coating in urinary bladder or basti; feeling of coating in anal region; coating in lumen of blood vessels; mucus coating; eye diseases; inflammation of eyes; worms; tumour; excessive urination; diseases of throat; raised circular patches on the body/urticaria; headache; cold catarrh; fever; diseases of abdomen/clinical features of udara; spitting/excessive expectoration; complete exhaustion.

मधुरस्कन्धः ( madhuraskandhaḥ )

Group of sweet substances

मधुरावस्थापाकः ( madhuraavasthāpākaḥ )

Sweet predominant stage of digestion
During the first and initial stage of digestion in the gastrointestinal tract the ingested food is transformed to a predominantly sweet state. This results in the generation of kapha-dosha.

मधुवर्गः ( madhuvargaḥ )

Group of honeys
Honey produced by various types of honeybee.

मध्यभक्तः, मध्यभोजनम् ( madhyabhaktaḥ, madhyabhojanam )

Administration of medicine in the middle of a meal

मध्यमकोष्ठः ( madhyama-koṣṭhaḥ )

Normal bowel habit
A physiological type of bowel habit due to the dominance of either kapha, or all three dosha being in functional balance. The individual with this type of bowel habit passes stools which are neither soft nor costive.

मध्यमगतिः ( madhyamagatiḥ )

Shifting of dosha
A movement of dosha towards the vital parts, including the head and various junctures and junctions of the body.

मध्यमधूमपानम् ( madhyamadhūmapānam )

Moderate medicated smoking
The procedure of medicated smoking with drugs of moderate strength.

मध्यमशुद्धिः ( madhyamaśuddhiḥ )

Moderate cleansing
Achievement of a moderate degree of dosha evacuation during cleansing therapy..

मध्यमा ( madhyamā )

Middle finger
Also denotes third toe.

मनः, चेतः ( manaḥ, cetaḥ )

Mind, psyche
The faculty through which cognitive organs (indriya) connect with the soul (atman). Denotes consciousness.

मन:शिला ( manaḥśilā )

Realgar
As2S2. Duly processed manahshila is employed as a standalone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations.

मनोगुणः/स्वरूपम् ( manoguṇaḥ/svarūpam )

Characteristics of mind
Two features of mind (manas)
minuteness (the smallest possible structure) (anutva) and oneness or singularity (ekatva).

मनोधिष्ठानम् ( manodhiśṭānaṃ )

Mind as seat of disease
A disease or condition in which the mind is first affected followed by the body.

मनोऽर्थः ( manoarthaḥ )

Objects of the mind
Mind or psychic functions, namely: thought, analysis, contemplation, mediation and volition.

मन्त्रः (विषोपक्रमः) ( mantraḥ (viṣopakramaḥ) )

Incantation
Incantation of hymns (mantra) to counteract a poison.

मन्त्रचिकित्सा ( mantracikitsā )

Chanting of auspicious hymns
A type of therapeutic ritual: treatment of a disease by incantation of appropriate mantra under specified conditions.

मन्थनम् ( manthanam )

Churning
A type of processing which involves transforming the properties of a substance by churning.

मन्दः ( mandaḥ )

Mildness, slowness
The quality of a substance which is responsible for slow, mild or low intensity activity or response .

मन्दाग्निः ( mandāgniḥ )

Depressed or weak state of digestive, metabolic factors
A state in which the action of transformative factor is weak or depressed due to the dominant influence of kapha.

मन्दाग्निः ( mandāgniḥ )

Subdued digestive, metabolic factors
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: difficulty in digestion of food after a long time even though of proper quantity; heaviness of abdomen; heaviness of head; cough; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; excessive salivation; vomiting; bodily exhaustion or tiredness; abdominal distension; constipation; gurgling intestinal sounds/borborygmi; dryness of mouth; inactivity/ inertia of anus.

मन्दाग्नि दुर्बलयोर अनुवासनस्य व्यापदः ( mandāgni durbalayora anuvāsanasya vyāpadaḥ )

Condition caused by A condition characterized by diminution of agni. medicated oily enema administered to person with diminished digestive capacity and weak person

मन्या ( manyā )

Carotid area of the neck

मन्या (मर्म) ( manyā (marma)

Vulnerable location(s) on either side of the throat
Two in number (one on each side) which when injured leads to difficulty in speech, altered voice and loss of taste sensation.

मन्याबस्तिः ( manyābastiḥ )

Therapeutic retention of oil over cervical region
A procedure which involves holding medicated oil over the cervical region (neck) for a specific duration.

मन्यास्तम्भः ( manyāstambhaḥ )

Wry neck; torticollis
A disorder characterized by torticollis/stiffness of posterior aspect of neck.

मरणम् ( maraṇam )

Death

मर्दनम् ( mardanam )

Crushing in mortar and pestle
Substances crushed in a mortar and pestle to enhance their quality

मर्दनम् ( mardanam )

Massage with pressure
A massage procedure involving a therapeutic pressurised massage.

मर्दनम् ( mardanam )

Trituration of mercury

मर्म ( Marma )

Mortal or vulnerable location
The 107 major vital locations or seats of life in the body are classified into various types based on their structure, dimensions, vulnerability to trauma or mortal outcome. Injury to these locations may result in death, deformity or severe pain.

मर्मरिका ( marmarikā )

Condition of development of knots due to improper piercing of child’s ear
A condition characterized by pain; fever; glandular swellings and knots.

मर्मरिका ( Marmarikā )

Vein located in the ear

मर्मविद्धः/ मर्माभिघातः/मर्मक्षतः ( marmaviddhaḥ/ marmābhighātaḥ/ marmakṣataḥ )

Injury of vulnerable locations
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: giddiness or dizziness; excessive talking/ irrelevant speech/incoherent speech; falling down; fainting/ severe confusion; uncoordinated movements; nonfunctioning of the mind as in sleep; feeling of warmth; flaccidity/laxity; syncope or swooning; upward movement of vata; severe breaking type of pain; bloody discharge resembling meat washings; cessation of all sense organ functioning; fatigued mind and body.

मर्माभिघातजदाहः ( marmābhighātajadāhaḥ )

Generalized burning sensation due to injury to vulnerable locations
A disorder characterized by a burning sensation due to injury of a vulnerable point.

मर्शः ( marśaḥ )

High-dose intranasal medication
A nasal cleansing therapy in which mainly oil-based medicines are instilled.

मलः ( malaḥ )

Excretory products
Waste products formed during various stages of digestion and metabolism; one of the fundamental constituents of the human body along with dosha (regulatory functional factors) and fundamental structural components; there are two categories: waste products from digestion of food and waste products from transformation of structural components. The waste products from digestion of food comprise urine and faeces. The waste products from transformation of structural components are: phlegm (excretory form of kapha) from the primary product of digestion (the primary circulating nutrient fluid), bile (excretory form of pitta) from blood, mucus of nose and ear wax from muscle, perspiration from fat, nails and hair from bone, and rheum of the eye from bone marrow.

मलवैषम्यम् ( malavaiṣamyam )

Derangement of excretory products

मशक-दष्टः ( maśaka-daṣṭaḥ )

Reaction due to sting of mosquito
Poisoning characterized by severe itching; swelling at bite site; mild pain.

मषकः ( maṣakaḥ )

Spots resembling black gram
A disorder characterized by painless round lesions on body; lesions resembling black gram; blackish-coloured lesion; raised from the skin surface.

मसूरिका ( masūrikā )

Lentil-shaped pox disease
A disorder characterized by lentil-shaped pustules on skin; The presentation resembles smallpox and such other eruptive fevers.

मसूरिका-प्रमेहपिडका ( masūrikā-pramehapiḍakā )

Carbuncle characterized by lesions resembling green gram
A disorder characterized by a boil similar in size to a lentil.

मसूरिकापूर्वरूपम् ( masūrikāpūrvarūpam )

Prodromal symptoms of lentil-shaped pox disease
Lentil-shaped eruptive disorder is characterized by fever; itching; breaking pain in body; distress/discontent/ restlessness; giddiness or dizziness; oedema on skin; discoloration; redness of eyes. Oedema due to vitiation of three dosha

मस्तुलुङ्गः, मस्तिष्कः, मस्तिष्कः, घृतिका, मस्तकस्नेहः, मस्तकमज्जा, शिरोगतस्नेहः ( mastuluṅgaḥ, mastiṣkaḥ,ghṛtikā,mastakasnehaḥ,mastakamajjā, śirogatasnehaḥ )

Brain

महतीहिक्का ( mahatīhikkā )

Extremely powerful and noisy hiccups
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: hiccups enveloping the throat with a high sound; continuous hiccups; loss of consciousness; stiffness of body; obstructing the passage of food and liquids; impaired memory; eyes bathed or dimmed with tears; stiffness of temporal regions; drooping of eyebrows; irrelevant talk in a suppressed voice; hiccups afflicting the vital organs; shaking of entire body; obstruction of speech; bending of back; dryness/wasting/emaciation.

महापद्मः ( mahāpadmaḥ )

Paediatric erysipelas

महारसः ( mahārasaḥ )

Group of key substances used in the processing of mercury
A group of eight minerals used in the processing of mercury: 1. abhrakam, 2. vaikrantam, 3. makshikam, svarnamakshikam, 4. vimalam, 5. shilajatu, 6. sasyaka, tuttha, 7. capala and 8. rasaka, kharpara; considered to have superior properties to other minerals.

महाविषम् ( mahāviṣam )

High-potency poison
A group of extremely poisonous substances such as Aconitum ferox Wall. ex Ser.

महाशौषिरः ( mahāśauṣiraḥ )

Palatal abscess
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: loosening of teeth; fissuring of gums; fissuring of palate; affecting the mouth; affecting the gums; fever; pus discharge; haemorrhage; damaged tooth socket as in cancrum oris.

महाश्वासः ( mahāśvāsaḥ )

Extremely strained and difficult breathing; generally in terminal illness
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: deep respiratory movements constantly producing a sound like an excited but restrained person on account of vata; loss of knowledge, wisdom or consciousness; eye-rolling or side glances; confused face/wide-open mouth; distorted/ dilated eyes; ugly face; retention of urine; retained stool/ constipation; fading/broken/feeble voice; timidity or apathy; dyspnoea also apparent from a distance; frequent fainting/ unconsciousness; pain in sides of chest/flanks; dryness of throat with high-pitched sound; bulging of eyes; stretching of body on breathing; snoring due to obstructed respiration; convulsive movement of chest; severe pain in ears; severe pain in temporal region; severe pain in head.

महास्रोतस्, अन्तःकोष्ठः, कोष्टः, शरीरमध्यम्, महानिम्नम ( mahāsrotas, antaḥkoṣṭhaḥ, koṣṭhaḥ,śarīramadhyam, mahānimnam )

The major inner cavity of the body from the mouth to anus
Comprises both stomach and large intestine

माक्षिकम् ( mākṣikam )

Oil-like honey
A variety of honey which resembles oil in colour and produced by tawny honeybees.

माक्षिकम्/स्वर्णमाक्षिकम् ( mākṣikam/ svarṇamākṣikam )

Copper pyrite, chalcopyrite
Copper iron sulfide (Cu2Fe2S4). In calcinated form makshikam is used as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral formulations.

माणिक्यम् ( māṇikyam )

Ruby
Duly processed manikya is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbomineral pharmaceutical formulations.

मातृका (मर्म) ( mātṛkā (marma) )

Vulnerable location(s) on the neck
Eight in number and leads to sudden death when injured.

मातृजरोगः ( mātṛjarogaḥ )

Hereditary diseases of maternal origin
Hereditary conditions inherited through the maternal genetic line due to morbidity of the ovum.

मात्रा ( mātrā )

Dose or measure

मात्राबस्तिः ( mātrābastiḥ )

Low-dose ghee or oily enema
A medicated enema given in a dose which will not cause complications even if retained or the posttherapy regimen is not followed.

मात्सर्यम् ( mātsaryam )

Discontentment
A state of being discontent with one’s state of affairs, being envious, competitive.

मात्स्यकायः ( matsyakāyaḥ )

Person with timid, unintelligent temperament
The characteristics of the person with a timid, unintelligent temperament are fickleness and instability, foolishness, cowardice, affinity for water, and a tendency to fight with people of a similar type.

माधुतैलिकबस्तिः ( mādhutailikabastiḥ )

Enema prepared from honey and oil
A medicated enema mainly constituted of honey and oil.

मानम् ( mānam )

Measurements

मानसक्लैब्यम् ( mānasaklaibyam )

Psychogenic impotency
Erectile dysfunction or impotency owing to psychological reasons.

मानसिक-भावः ( mānasika-bhāvaḥ )

Psychological or mental attributes
The characteristic features or attributes of the mind.

मानसिकहेतुः ( mānasikahetuḥ )

Psychological cause
Causes leading to disturbances in the functions of the mind.

मानिका/शरावः ( mānikā/śarāvaḥ )

Measure of weight approximately equal to 384 g
Measure of weight equal to 32 karsha or 2 kudava.

मारणम् ( māraṇam )

Calcination or incineration of minerals, metals and marine products

मारुतः ( mārutaḥ )

Therapeutic exposure to wind
The process of exposing a person to wind as a therapeutic measure.

मार्गविशोधनम् ( mārgaviśodhanam )

Passage clearing
A technique to clear a passage as for an impacted foreign body.

माषः ( māṣaḥ )

Measure of weight approximately equal to 1 g
Measure of weight equal to eight seeds of jequirity bean .

माषः (बीज) ( māṣaḥ(bīja) )

Black gram seed
Seed of Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper. Employed as a unit of weight.

मासः ( māsaḥ )

Time equivalent to one month
Time equal to one lunar month or 30 days (two paksha).

मांसक्षयः ( māmsakṣayaḥ )

Diminution of muscle
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: wasting of hips; wasting of neck; wasting of abdomen; wasting of cheeks/whole side of face including the temple; wasting/dryness of lips; wasting dryness of genitals or penis; wasting of thighs; wasting of chest; wasting of armpits/ axillae; wasting of calf; dryness; pricking pain; bodily exhaustion or tiredness; dysfunction of channels carrying blood and nerve impulses; lazy eyes/eye fatigue; splitting type of pain in joints.

मांसगत-शल्यः ( māṃsagata-śalyaḥ )

Foreign body in the muscle
A disorder due to presence of foreign body in the muscle; characterized by sucking type of pain; inflammation/ suppuration; increase in swelling; failure of foreign body pathway to heal; inability to bear touching/pressing.

मांसगतमसूरिका ( māṃsagatamasūrikā )

Lentil-shaped pox disease localized in muscle
Lentil-shaped eruptive disorder is characterized by hard eruptions; unctuous appearance of eruptions; taking a long time to suppurate; thick skin; body pain; thirst; itching; fever; distress/discontent/restlessness.

मांसगतवातः ( māṃsagatavātaḥ )

Aggravation of vata in muscle
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: heaviness of body, excessive pain in body as if beaten by a stick or fists; pain and excessive fatigue; glandular swelling which is hard; firm or rough; pricking pain; exhaustion/fatigue; severe pain; stiffness; glandular swelling with pain.

मांसज-ओष्ठप्रकोपः ( māṃsaja-oṣṭhaprakopaḥ )

Disorders of lip due to vitiated muscle, epithelioma of lip
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: heaviness of lips; thickening of lips; projection of lips into a fleshy lump; maggots coming from both corners/ angles of the mouth.

मांसजार्बुदः ( māṃsajārbudaḥ )

Tumour due to vitiated muscle
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: unctuousness; large in size; hard in nature; covered with sirā/venous plexus; same colour as skin; nonsuppurating; stony hard; fixed swelling; painless.

मांसजालम् ( māṃsajālam )

Network of muscles

मांसतानः (अर्बुदः) ( māṃsatānaḥ )

Malignant tumour of throat
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a painful spreading swelling; severe form of swelling; hanging tumour leading to death; obstruction of throat.

मांसधरा ( māṃsadharā )

Seventh layer of skin

मांसधराकला ( māṃsadharākalā )

Muscle-bearing membrane
Deep fascia.

मांसधातुः, मांसम्, पेशी ( māṃsa-dhātuḥ, māṃsam, peśī )

Muscle
The third of the seven fundamental structural components. Its function is to cover the skeleton.

मांसधातुगतज्वरः ( māṃsadhātugatajvaraḥ )

Fever due to vitiated muscle
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a burning sensation inside the body thirst; confusion/delirium; fatigued mind and body; easy passage of stools; bad odour; convulsive movements of limbs; claudication/ cramp in the calf muscles; easy passage of urine; burning sensation externally; giddiness or dizziness; black-outs.

मांसधात्वग्निः ( māṃsadhātvagniḥ )

Metabolic factors located in muscle
The transformative factor which converts blood to muscle tissue

मांसपाकः ( māṃsapākaḥ )

Penile necrosis
A disease of the penis; characterized by softening and sloughing of the glans penis along with with pain.

मांसमर्म ( Māṃsamarma )

Vulnerable location(s) in which the mainstructural component is muscle
Marma where muscles are structurally prominent.

मांसरज्जुः, रज्जुः ( māṃsarajjuḥ, rajjuḥ )

Long muscles
The group of four, rope-like, long muscles of the back.

मांसरसः, रसः ( māṃsarasaḥ, rasaḥ. )

Meat soup
A soup of varying consistency prepared with or without seasoning or condiments.

मांसवर्गः ( māṃsavargaḥ )

Group of meats
The group of meats of various animals such as birds, fish.

मांसवहस्रोतः ( māṃsavahasrotaḥ )

Conduit nourishing muscle
Related entities are tendons and skin.

मांसवहस्रोतोदुष्टिः ( māmsavahasrotoduṣṭiḥ )

Vitiation of channels carrying muscle
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: granular eruptions, growths, tumours, warts, sloughing of muscles, dry gangrene.

मांसवहस्रोतोविद्धः ( māṁsavahasrōtōviddhaḥ )

Injury to the channels that nourish muscles

मांसवृद्धिः ( māmsavṛddhiḥ )

Excessive increase of muscle
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: hypertrophy/enlargement of hips; hypertrophy/enlargement of cheeks/whole side of face including the temple; hypertrophy/enlargement of lips; hypertrophy/enlargement of genitals or penis; hypertrophy/ enlargement of thighs; hypertrophy/enlargement of arms; enlargement of abdomen; hypertrophy/enlargement of calf; heaviness of limbs; heaviness of hips; heaviness of cheeks; heaviness of lips; heaviness of arms; heaviness of abdomen; heaviness of thighs; heaviness of calf; diseases of palate; diseases of tongue; diseases of kantha/throat; glandular swelling in jaw; neck and throat region/goitre; series of nodules in neck region; tumour; glandular swelling; diseases of kapha and rakta; hypertrophy of māṃsa in kaṇṭha.

मांसवैषम्यम् ( māmsavaiṣamyam )

Disproportion of muscle
Changes in the normal quantity and quality of muscles.

मांससङ्घातः/तालुसंहतिः ( māṃsasaṅghātaḥ/ tālusaṃhatiḥ )

Fibroma of palate
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a painless swelling in the middle of the palate; thick and soft swelling in palate; inflamed soft tissue swelling in palate.

मांससारः ( māṃsa-sāraḥ )

Person with predominance or essence of muscle
Characterized by features such as having large, prominent, muscular and visually pleasing temples, forehead, nape of neck, eyes, cheeks, jaw, neck, shoulder, abdomen, axillae, chest, upper limb joints and lower limb joints; readiness to forgive and forbearance; patience and steadiness; lack of greediness; wealth; knowledge; happiness; simplicity; health; strength and longevity.

मांसार्बुदः ( māṃsārbudaḥ )

Tumour originating from penile muscle tissue
A disease of the penis; characterized by painless swelling; unctuous swelling; swelling of the same colour; nonsuppurating; stony; fixed and hard swelling.

माहेन्द्रकायः ( māhendrakāyaḥ )

Person with prosperous, leading temperament
The characteristics of the person with prosperous, leading leading temperament temperament are greatness, bravery, commanding habits, a follower of religious teachings and someone who looks after dependent people.

मिथ्याविरेचनम्/ विरेचनमिथ्यायोगः ( mithyāvirecanam/ virecanamithyāyogaḥ )

Condition of improper purgation therapy
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: heaviness of body; dysentery; cutting type of pain in anus; abdominal distension; heaviness of head; vayu not moving downwards; increase in severity of disease.

मिथ्याव्रणोपचारः ( mithyāvraṇopacāraḥ )

Condition due to improper management of wound(s)

मिन्मिनः ( minminaḥ )

Nasal intonation of speech
A disorder characterized by nasal twang.

मुक्तनाल-विरेचनव्यापत् ( muktanālavirecanavyāpat )

Condition caused by A condition characterized by its life-endangering risk owing to purgation therapy excessive prolapse. administered to person with rectal prolapse

मुक्ताफलम् ( muktāphalam )

Pearl
Duly processed mukta is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations.

मुख-विशोधन ( mukha-viśodhana )

Cleaning the mouth
A step in neonatal resuscitation and general care in which the oral cavity is thoroughly cleaned.

मुखगन्धहरः ( mukhagandhaharaḥ )

Substance removing foul mouth odour

मुखमण्डिकाग्रहः ( mukhamaṇḍikāgrahaḥ )

Prominent veins, shiny face due to external invisible factors
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: venous prominences on the body; pale complexion of face; polyphagia; urine/cow urine odour; exhausted body; tender palms; tender soles; shiny face; bluish-black venous prominence on abdomen; agitation; dark-coloured veins on abdomen; fever; aversion to food/milk; tired body.

मुखम्, वक्त्रम्, वदनम्, आस्यम् ( mukham, vaktram, vadanam, āsyam )

Mouth, face

मुखरोगः ( mukharogaḥ )

Disorders of oral cavity

मुखरोगचिकित्सा ( mukharogacikitsā )

Management of diseases of oral cavity proper
The treatment of diseases related to the mouth or oral cavity.

मुत्तोलिः/प्रतोलीबन्धः ( muttoliḥ/pratolībandhaḥ )

Winding bandage
A type of bandage used on narrow body parts such as the neck or penis.

मुद्रिकाशस्त्रम् ( mudrikāśastram )

Finger knife
A type of sharp instrument mounted on the finger for use in oral surgery.

मुष्कस्रोतोऽभिघातः ( muṣkasroto abhighātaḥ )

Injury to the seminal passages
Injury to the bulbo-urethral glands; seminal vescicles or epididymis.

मुहुर्मुहुः ( muhurmuhuḥ )

Frequent administration of medicine

मुहूर्तः ( muhūrtaḥ )

Time equivalent to approximately 48 minutes
Time equal to two nadika.

मूकत्वम् ( mūkatvam )

Dumbness
A disorder characterized by dumbness/aphasia.

मूढगर्भः ( mūḍhagarbhaḥ )

Obstructed fetal presentation
Abnormal fetal presentation characterized by irritation of the abdomen; pain in sides of chest/flanks; pain in urinary bladder; pain in head; pain in abdomen; pain in female genital organs; borborygmi with distension; obstruction to passage of urine/retention; abortion of young fetus; discharge of blood; ocassional enlargement of fetus; abnormal fetal presentation; fetus descending to lower abdomen; fetal retention due to vitiated apāna vata.

मूत्र-वेगरोधः/मूत्रग्रहः ( mūtra-vegarodhaḥ/ mūtragrahaḥ )

Disorder due to withholding of urine
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: pain in urinary bladder or basti; penile pain; dysuria; severe headache; flexion/bending of body; distension in groin; drop-by-drop urination; severe pain in anus; pain in groin region; severe scrotal pain; severe pain in umbilical region; severe headache; distended basti; breaking type of pain; breaking type of pain in body; urolithiasis.

मूत्रकृच्छ्रम् ( mūtrakṛcchram )

Difficulty in urination

मूत्रक्षयः ( mūtrakṣayaḥ )

Diminution of urine
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: dysuria; discoloration of urine; thirst; dryness in mouth; pricking pain in urinary bladder or basti; oliguria; haematuria.

मूत्रक्षयः ( mūtrakṣayaḥ )

Oliguria, anuria
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: dysuria; discoloration of urine; thirst; dryness of mouth; pricking pain in urinary bladder; oliguria; haematuria.

मूत्रग्रन्थिः ( mūtragranthiḥ )

Bladder obstruction due to nodular swelling
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: glandular swelling at the urinary bladder opening; difficulty in passing urine; pain resembling that of aśmarī; round-shaped glandular swelling; small swelling; fixed swelling; severe pain usually obstructing urine flow at bladder neck; sudden manifestation; clinical features of ashmari.

मूत्रज-वृद्धिः ( mūtraja-vṛddhiḥ )

Hydrocoele due to predominance of vitiated urine
A disorder characterized by discharges of various colours; pain of different types; death; black blisters; severe bleeding; features of the pittaja variety.

मूत्रजठरः ( mūtrajaṭharaḥ )

Bladder atony with lower abdominal distension
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: abdominal enlargement due to full bladder; indigestion; obstruction to passage of urine/retention; faecal retention; abdominal distension below the umbilicus; severe pain below umbilicus; obstruction to urinary and faecal channels bladder outlet obstruction.

मूत्रजननम् ( mūtrajananam )

Substance increasing the quantity of urine

मूत्रप्रसेक-क्षणनम् ( mūtrapraseka-kṣaṇanam )

Urethral injury

मूत्रमार्गः ( mūtramārgaḥ )

Urinary passage

मूत्रम् ( mūtram )

Urine
A by-product of digestion, whose function is to remove excess watery waste from the body.

मूत्रवहस्रोतः ( mūtravahasrotaḥ )

Urinary tract
The pathway for urine. Entities related to this channel are the bladder and groin.

मूत्रवहस्रोतोदुष्टिः ( mūtravahasrōtōduṣṭiḥ )

Vitiation of channels carrying urine
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: excess micturition; dribbling; dysuria.

मूत्रवहस्रोतोविद्धः ( mūtravahasrotoviddhaḥ )

Injury to the channels of the urinary system
A disorder characterized by retention of urine; distended basti; stiffness of penis.

मूत्रवहा ( mūtravahā )

Urine carrier

मूत्रवहानाडी ( mūtravahānāḍī )

Urinary system conduits

मूत्रवृद्धिः ( mūtravṛddhiḥ )

Morbid increase of urine
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: frequent micturition; pricking pain in urinary bladder or basti; abdominal distension; urge even after micturition.

मूत्रवैषम्यम् ( mūtravaiṣamyam )

Derangement of urine

मूत्रशुक्रः ( mūtraśukraḥ )

Semenuria
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: urine mixed with semen; discharge of semen while voiding urine; passage of urine that looks like it is mixed with ash at beginning or end of micturition; discharge of fluid resembling ash water.

मूत्रसेकः, मूत्रपथः ( mūtrasekaḥ, mūtrapathaḥ )

Urethra

मूत्राघातः ( mūtrāghātaḥ )

Urinary retention

मूत्राघातवमनस्य व्यापदः ( mūtrāghāta vamanasya vyapadaḥ )

Condition caused by emetic therapy administered to a person with urinary suppression

मूत्रातीतः ( mūtrātītaḥ )

Urinary incontinence
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: urinary hesitancy; weak urine flow; difficulty in passing urine/anuria; occasional passage of urine; mild pain during micturition; scanty micturition; increased frequency of micturition; difficulty in passing urine.

मूत्राभिघातज-उदावर्तः ( mūtrābhighātaja-udāvartaḥ )

Disorders of reversed or altered visceral movement due to suppression of urine
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: difficulty in micturition; scanty micturition; penile pain; proctalgia; pain in groin region; pain in urinary bladder or basti; scrotal pain; pain in umbilical region; headache; bloating of urinary bladder; dysuria; bending of body due to pain; distension in lower abdomen.

मूत्रोत्सङ्गः ( mūtrotsaṅgaḥ )

Urethral stricture
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: urine obstruction at bulb of penis; later painless micturition; later painful micturition; split-stream urination; heaviness in penis; urine remains in bladder; urine remains in penile urethra; urine remains in bulb of penile urethra; urine with blood; straining to urinate; dribbling in small quantities on straining; scanty dropwise urination.

मूत्रौकसादः ( mūtraukasādaḥ )

Scanty urination with viscid, dense urine
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: passage of urine with blood; passage of viscid urine; burning sensation while urinating; passage of whitish urine; passage of dense urine; difficult and burning micturition; yellow-coloured urine; conch shell-coloured urine.

मूर्च्छनम् ( mūrcchanam )

Pre-processing of ghee A procedure for refining and enhancing the potency of oil or or oil with herbs ghee and imparting colour and fragrance to it. The term also denotes the process by which mercury attains the property of curing diseases.

मूर्च्छा ( mūrcchā )

Syncope
Temporary loss of consciousness.

मूर्च्छा-पूर्वरूपम् ( mūrcchā-pūrvarūpam )

Prodromal signs of syncope
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: precordial pain/cardiac pain; yawning; fatigued mind and body; loss of sensory perception; loss of strength.

मूर्छनम् ( mūrcchanam )

Swooning of mercury

मूर्तद्रव्य, परमाणुः ( Mūrtadravya, paramāṇuḥ )

Substances having Resultant material(s), product or effect
A tangible or perceptible substance, or substance that has form, gross substances settled into a fixed shape or form; also refers to material, embodied or incarnate things.

मूर्धतैलम्/शिरस्तैलम् ( mūrdhatailam/ śirastailam )

Application of oily substance to head
External application of oil to the head.

मूलविषः ( mūlaviṣaḥ )

Poisonous roots
Poisoning characterized by pains/convulsive movements of limbs; excessive talking/irrelevant speech/incoherent speech; confusion/delirium.

मूषा ( mūṣā )

Crucible

मूषिकाविषः/आखुविषः ( mūṣikāviṣaḥ/ ākhuviṣaḥ )

Poisoning due to rat bite
Poisoning characterized by nodular swelling; oedema; resembling lotus seed; circular patches; intense growth of papules; spreading cellulitis/erysipelas; clinical features of kiṭibha; breaking type of pain in small joints; severe pain; syncope or swooning; bodily exhaustion or tiredness/inability to perform physical activities; fever; weakness; loss of taste; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; vomiting; horripilation; bleeding from bite site; pallor; burning sensation.

मृगश्रृंगम् ( mṛgaśrṛṃgam )

Hartshorn
The desiccated horn of a male deer. Duly processed mrigashringa is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations.

मृतगर्भः ( mṛtagarbhaḥ )

Intrauterine fetal death
Death of fetus in the uterus characterized by feeling as if the abdomen is wrapped in a wet cloth; stiff abdomen; stretched abdomen; abdomen cold to touch; stony hard fetus; absence of fetal movements; severe pain; no labour pain; no discharge from yoni; sluggish eyes; distressed mother; giddiness or dizziness; difficulty in breathing; distress/discontent/ restlessness; improper manifestation of natural urges; cessation of labour pain; blackishness or cyanosis; pallor; foetid smell on breath; colicky pain in abdomen; inflated abdomen; thirst; difficulty in breathing; exhaustion without exertion; mother crying constantly; sleeplessness; difficulty in breathing.

मृतसञ्जीवनम् (विषोपक्रम) ( mṛtasañjīvanam (viṣopakrama) )

Life-reviving
Therapy or medicines able to revive a patient.

मृदितः ( mṛditaḥ )

Inflammatory penile disorder due to excessive rubbing and pressing
A disorder characterized by the presence of a swollen boil.

मृदुः ( mṛduḥ )

Softness, mildness
The quality of a substance which is responsible for producing softness or fragility.

मृदुकर्म ( mṛdukarma )

Wound-softening measures
Technique to remove hard, fibrosed or indurated tissues to promote softening and smoothening of the wound bed.

मृदुकोष्ठः ( mṛdukoṣṭhaḥ )

Soft bowel habit
A physiological type of bowel habit due to the dominance of pitta. The individual with this type of bowel habit passes soft bowel motions without straining.

मृदुधूमपानम् ( mṛdudhūmapānam )

Mild medicated smoking
The procedure of medicated smoking with drugs of mild strength.

मृद्दारश्रृंगः ( mṛddāraśrṛṃgaḥ )

Litharge
Lead oxide (PbO). Duly processed mriddarashringa is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations.

मृद्भक्षणजन्य/ कृमिजपाण्डुरोगः ( mṛdbhakṣaṇajanya/ kṛmijapāṇḍurogaḥ )

Anaemic syndrome due to pica or dirt-eating
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: loss of strength; loss of agni; loss of normal body colour; swelling of malar region; supraorbital swelling; swelling of eyebrows; pedal oedema; periumbilical oedema; oedema of penis; worm infestation in abdomen; diarrhoea/ altered stools; worms in faecal matter; oedema of face; blood-mixed faecal matter; mucus-mixed faecal matter;

मेढ्रः. शेफः, ध्वजः, उपस्थः, पुरुषेन्द्रियम्, लिङ्गम्, पौरुषम्, प्रजननम्, नालम्, लक्षणम् ( meḍhraḥ, śephaḥ,dhvajaḥ,upasthaḥ,puruṣendriyam,liṅgam,pauruṣam,prajananam, nālam, lakṣaṇam )

Penis

मेढ्रचर्म ( meḍhracarma )

Foreskin

मेढ्रद्वारम् ( meḍhradvāram )

External urethral orifice, urinary meatus

मेढ्ररोगजक्लैब्यम् ( meḍhrarogajaklaibyam )

Impotency due to penile disorders
Impotency due to structural or functional disorders of the penis.

मेढ्राग्रम् ( meḍhrāgram )

Tip of the penis, glans penis

मेदःक्षयः ( medaḥkṣayaḥ )

Diminution of fat
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: breaking/splitting type of pain; fatigued mind and body; eye stress; sunken abdomen; splenomegaly; hollow feeling in joints; dryness of body parts; desire for fatty meat; numbness in low back; emaciation; exhaustion/fatigue; dryness/wasting/emaciation; signs and symptoms of māṃsa depletion.

मेदजरोहिणी ( medajarohiṇī )

Diphtheria due to vitiated fat

मेदसाश्रितंपटलम् ( medasāśritaṃpaṭalam )

Cortical part of lens and vitreous humour

मेदोगतमसूरिका ( medogatamasūrikā )

Lentil-shaped pox disease localized in fat
Lentil-shaped eruptive disorder is characterized by rounded eruptions; soft on touch; slightly raised; associated with severe fever; broad; unctuous apprearance of eruptions; associated with pain; unconsciousness/confusion; distress/ discontent/restlessness; burning sensation. pakvāśayaḥ, pakvasthānam, pakvādhānam

मेदोगतवातः ( medogatavātaḥ )

Aggravation of vata in fatty tissue
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: heaviness of body, excessive pain in body as if beaten by a stick or fists; pain and excessive fatigue; glandular swelling which is hard; firm or rough; pricking pain; exhaustion/fatigue; severe pain; stiffness; mild pain; glandular swelling without ulcer.

मेदोज-ओष्ठप्रकोपः ( medoja-oṣṭhaprakopaḥ )

Disorders of lip due to vitiated fat, hypertrophy of lip
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: lips resembling the supernatant layer of ghee; itching sensation in lips; stable nature of lip lesion; soft lips; crystal-clear discharge; heaviness of lips; unctuous lips; oedematous lips; moistening/soddening of lips; nonhealing ulcer; nonsoftening of ulcer.

मेदोज-गलगण्डः ( medoja-galagaṇḍaḥ )

Goitre due to predominance of fat

मेदोज-वृद्धिः ( medoja-vṛddhiḥ )

Hydrocoele due to predominance of vitiated fat
A disorder characterized by clinical features of all types of dosha; cracking of penile skin; appearance of kṛmi; scrotal oedema; severe pain; undergoing rapid suppuration.

मेदोजग्रन्थिः ( medojagranthiḥ )

Nodular swelling, cyst due to afflicted adipose tissue
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a swelling which increases or decreases as the body mass increases or decreases; unctuous swelling; large swelling; swelling with mild pain; associated with excessive itching sensation; on bursting discharge resembles an oil-cake or ghee; soft swelling; mobile swelling; on bursting thick coppery black-coloured meda discharge.

मेदोजस्वरभेदः ( medojasvarabhedaḥ )

Hoarse voice, altered voice due to vitiated fat
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: inaudible phonation within the throat; indistinct syllables; delayed speech; thirst; coated/smeared throat; coated/smeared lips; coated/smeared palate; difficulty in pronouncing syllables.

मेदोधराकला ( medodharākalā )

Fatty tissue-bearing membrane

मेदोधातुः ( medo-dhātuḥ )

Fat
The fourth of the seven fundamental structural components. Its function is to provide oleation. It refers to adipose tissue and other lipids in the body.

मेदोधातुगतज्वरः ( medodhātugatajvaraḥ )

Fever due to vitiated fat
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: perspiration; excessive thirst; excessive talking/ irrelevant speech/incoherent speech; repeated vomiting; intolerance of personal smell; fatigued mind and body; loss of taste; syncope or swooning; vomiting; bad odour; intolerance.

मेदोधात्वग्निः ( medodhātvagniḥ )

Metabolic factors located in fat
The transformative factor which converts muscle tissue to fat

मेदोरोगः ( medorogaḥ )

Obesity
A disorder defined by excessive body mass and characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: decreased life expectancy; decreased sexual potency; snoring due to obstructed respiration; voracious appetite; dyspnoea on exertion; thirst; bad odour; tendency of fat to accumulate in the abdomen and bones; confusion/delirium; bodily exhaustion or tiredness; sleepiness; sweating; vigour not in proportion to body bulk; pendulous breasts; pendulous buttocks; pendulous abdomen.

मेदोवहस्रोतः ( medovahasrotaḥ )

Channel carrying fat
The pathway for fat. Entities related to this channel are the kidneys and omentum.

मेदोवहस्रोतोदुष्टिः ( medovahasrotoduṣṭiḥ )

Vitiation of channels carrying medas
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: excessive collection of tartar on the teeth, palate, tongue; burning sensation in hands and feet; sticky sweating; thirst and breathlessness.

मेदोवहस्रोतोविद्धः ( medovahasrotoviddhaḥ )

Injury to the channels carrying fat
A disorder characterized by perspiration; oiliness of body; dryness of palate; nonpitting oedema; thirst.

मेदोवृद्धिः ( medovṛddhiḥ )

Morbid increase of fat
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: unctuousness of body parts; pendulous fatty enlargement of abdomen; fatty deposition in flanks; cough; difficulty in breathing/dyspnoea on minor exertion; bad odour; prodromal signs of prameha; complications of obesity; diseases of kapha and rakta; signs and symptoms of enlargement/hypertrophy of māṃsa; exhaustion/fatigue; pendulous fatty enlargement of hips; pendulous fatty enlargement of breasts.

मेदोवैषम्यम् ( medovaiṣamyam )

Disproportion of fat
Changes in the normal quantity and quality of adipose tissue.

मेदोसारः ( medosāraḥ )

Person with predominance or essence of fat
Characterized by features such as glossy complexion; smooth and pleasant voice; shining eyes; shining and glossy scalp and body hair, nails, teeth and lips; unctuous urine and faeces; being endowed with wealth; prosperity; happiness; enjoyment; simplicity; softness and being gentle in activities.

मेध्यरसायनम् ( medhyarasāyanam )

Rejuvenation therapy to enhance mental abilities
Rejuvenation therapy or medicines beneficial for increasing intellect.

मेध्यायुष्यकामीयरसायनम् ( medhyāyuṣyakāmīyarasāyanam )

Mental ability and lifespan enhancer
Therapies or medicines which enhance intellect and improve longevity.

मैथुनाशक्तिः ( maithunāśaktiḥ )

Inability to perform sexual intercourse
Incapacity to perform sexual intercourse due to inability to achieve or sustain an erection; also used as a synonym for impotency.

मोक्षः ( mokṣaḥ )

Salvation, liberation
Liberation, cessation from worldly existence or transmigration, the fourth goal of life (puruṣartha).

मोहः ( mohaḥ )

Delusion
A state of confusion or perplexity that leads to incorrect perception and error.

यकृत्, कालखण्डः, कालीयम्, कालीयकम् ( yakṛt, kālakhaṇḍaḥ, kālīyam, kālīyakam )

Liver

यकृत्प्रदेशः ( yakṛtpradeśaḥ )

Hepatic region

यक्षोन्मादः ( yakṣonmādaḥ )

Psychosis making a person behave like an opulent person
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: continuous dreams; continuous crying; continuous laughing; liking dancing; liking singing; liking various foods; liking drinking; liking bathing; liking flowers; liking holy fumes; liking perfumes; liking musical instruments; liking recitals; liking stories or chatting; reddish-coloured eyes; confused dilated eyes; hating brahmaṇavaidya parivādinaṃ; speaking secretly/revealing secrets; coppery redness of eyes; wearing favourite garments; wearing light garments; liking red-coloured clothes; serious in nature; speedy/quick/swift gait; talking less; tolerant; looking majestic; constantly asking what might be done for others.

यदृच्छासिद्धिः ( yadṛcchāsiddhiḥ )

Chance effect
The chance effect by which a medicine appears to cure or relieve the symptoms of a disease, when it is not possible to confirm a clinical outcome is the result of a given course of action.

यन्त्रदोषः ( yantradoṣaḥ )

Defects of blunt surgical instruments
The 12 types of defects inherent in blunt instruments which makes them unsuitable for their respective purposes.

यन्त्रम् ( yantram )

Blunt surgical instruments, devices
The variety of blunt instruments and tools used in surgery.

यन्त्रम् ( yantram )

Instrument, equipment or apparatus

यन्त्रम् (व्रणचिकित्सा) ( yantram (vraṇacikitsā)

Use of blunt instrument Therapeutic removal of a deeply embedded foreign body or to assist surgical morbid material from a wound using a blunt instrument. procedures for wound management

यमकबन्धः ( yamakabandhaḥ )

Twin bandage
A type of bandage applied to two adjacent wounds.

यव ( yava )

Barley grain
Grain of Hordeum vulgare L. Often employed as a basic unit of length.

यवक्षारः ( yavakṣāraḥ )

Alkali mainly containing potassium carbonate

यवप्रख्या ( yavaprakhyā )

Skin lesions resembling barley seeds
A disorder characterized by knotted lesions; lesions located in muscle tissue; barley-shaped lesions; very hard lesions.

यववक्रशलाका ( yavavakraśalākā )

Probe with a barley seed-shaped tip
An instrument with a barley seed-shaped tip.

यवोदरः ( Measure of length equal to the distance taken by a thin string to yavodaraḥ traverse the centre of one barley grain or the central thickness of the barley grain: one-eighth of 3/4 inch, i.e. 0.24 cm. )

Length approximately equal to thickness of barley grain at its centre

यशदम् ( yaśadam )

Zinc
Zn (Zinc). Duly processed yashada is employed as a standalone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations.

यष्टिकर्णः ( yaṣṭikarṇaḥ )

Lobuloplasty type 14
A type of lobuloplasty indicated when both flaps of the split lobule have keloid tissue, are vascular and very small.

यानक्लान्तस्य आस्थापनस्य व्यापदः ( yānaklāntasya āsthāpanasya vyāpadaḥ )

Condition caused by medicated decoction enema administered to person fatigued by travelling
A condition characterized by instantaneous emaciation of body.

यापनबस्तिः ( yāpanabastiḥ )

Palliative enema
A type of therapeutic enema which is used to maintain health and prolong life.

यापनवस्ति-अतियोगः ( yāpanavasti-atiyogaḥ )

Condition due to Excessive use of maintenance oily enema

याप्यरोगः ( yāpyarogaḥ )

Diseases that can be palliated
Diseases which by their nature are not completely curable but can be controlled or mitigated and symptoms palliated with suitable medicines and dietetics, e.g. persistent diabetes mellitus and bronchial asthma.

यामः ( yāmaḥ )

Time equivalent to approximately 3 hours
Time equal to 3.75 muhurta.

याम्यकायः ( yāmyakāyaḥ )

Person with judicious, prompt temperament
The characteristics of person with a judicious, prompt temperament are doing the right things with tireless energy, fearlessness, a good and retentive memory, freedom from attachments and infatuations, and a lack of vanity and jealousy.

युक्तरथबस्तिः ( yuktarathabastiḥ )

Enema practicable even while travelling
A type of enema which can be administered with minimal restrictions on travel and physical activity.

युक्तिः ( yuktiḥ )

Logical management, rationale
The quality of being able to intelligently consider circumstances and act on that basis; also considered as one of the methods of investigation and examination.

युक्तिः ( yuktiḥ )

Reasoning, understanding causation
The perception of the multiplicity of factors behind a phenomenon or event.

युक्तिकृतबलम् ( yuktikṛta-balam )

Acquired strength
Strength or immunity attained by the application of rational means such as rejuvenation therapy.

युक्तिव्यपाश्रयचिकित्सा, मानुषीचिकित्सा ( yuktivyapāśrayacikitsā, mānuṣīcikitsā )

Structured therapy based on clinical reasoning
A rational and evidence-based therapeutic intervention within the ambit of human intelligence; one of the treatment classifications which has recourse to modalities such as the administration of medicines, diet and other evidence-based approaches to treat a disease.

युगः ( yugaḥ )

Time equivalent to five years
Time equal to five samvatsara.

युवानपिडका (मुखदूषिका) ( yuvānapiḍakā (mukhadūṣikā) )

Pimples
A disorder characterized by lesions resembling silk cottontree prickles; affecting young people’s faces; associated with pain; thick and dense lesion; presence of fatty pultaceous material inside lesions.

यूका ( yūkā )

Head lice infestation
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: itching; wheal-like skin eruptions; papules/ eruptions; nodular swelling.

यूषः ( yūṣaḥ )

Soup of vegetables and /or pulses
A type of food preparation in which a soup of vegetables and/ or pulses is prepared by adding 16 parts water.

यूषोपयोगजीर्णज्वरः/यूषोपयोगवातज्वरः ( yūṣopayogajīrṇajvaraḥ )

Condition due to use of gruel endstage of fever

योगः ( yogaḥ )

Union, compounding, a structured sentence (syntax)
An arrangement of words and sentences structured and ordered so as to make complete sense.

योगबस्तिः ( yogabastiḥ )

Course of eight combined therapeutic enemas
A type of therapeutic enema based on a course of eight enemas which includes five half-dose therapeutic ghee or oily enemas and three therapeutic decoction enemas, administered in a particular sequence.

योगवाही ( Substance accommodating the properties of other substances yogavāhī with which it comes into contact without losing its own attributes: it can therefore be used as a vehicle for drug administration, e.g. honey. )

Substance accommodating the properties of other substances

योग्या ( yogyā )

Simulated training in surgical procedures
Development of technical skills in surgery by performing the technique on various objects. It is a part of surgical training.

योनिः, अपत्यपथः, अपत्यमार्गः, विशिखान्तरम्, रक्तपथः ( yoniḥ, apatyapathaḥ,apatyamārgaḥ,viśikhāntaram, raktapathaḥ )

Vagina

योनिकन्दः ( yonikandaḥ )

Round-shaped abscess in vagina
A gynaecological disorder characterized by a tuberous swelling filled with pus; a tuberous swelling filled with blood; a tuberous swelling resembling a nikuca fruit.

योनिकल्कधारण ( yoni kalkadhāraṇa )

Retention of medicated pastes in vagina
Application and retention of a medicated paste or poultice in the vaginal canal.

योनिधावन/ योनिप्रक्षालन ( yoni dhāvana/ yoni prakṣālana )

Vaginal douche
The procedure of vaginal douching with medicated liquids.

योनिधूपन ( yoni dhūpana )

Vaginal fumigation
The procedure of fumigating the external genitalia or vaginal canal with fumes produced by medicinal substances.

योनिपिचु ( yoni picu )

Vaginal tampon
A sterile tampon soaked with medicated liquids which is inserted in the vaginal canal.

योनिपूरण ( yoni pūraṇa )

Vaginal irrigation
The procedure of introducing medicated substances into the vaginal canal.

योनिरोगः/योनिव्यापत् ( yonirogaḥ/ yonivyāpat )

Vaginal disease
Disorders of female genitalia including the uterus.

योनिलेपन ( yoni lepana )

Application of medicated paste to vagina
Application of a medicated paste to the vaginal walls.

योनिवर्ति ( yoni vartī )

Vaginal suppository or wick
The procedure of inserting a medicated suppository or wick prepared with herbal or mineral medicationsinto the vagina.

रक्त-स्रावः ( rakta-srāvaḥ )

Blood exudation from corners of eye
A disorder characterized by bloody discharge; warm discharge; profuse discharge; not very dense discharge; coppery-coloured discharge; profuse discharge of vitiated blood.

रक्तक्षयः ( raktakṣayaḥ )

Diminution of blood
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: rough/dry skin; cracked skin; faded skin/ lustreless skin; praying for/desire for/liking of sour taste; praying/desire/liking for cold; laxity of vessels/tortuous vessels; dryness.

रक्तगतमसूरिका ( raktagatamasūrikā )

Lentil-shaped pox disease localized in raktadhātu
Lentil-shaped eruptive disorder is characterized by eruptions resembling blood; sudden onset of suppuration; thin skin; discharge of blood on rupture; not very severe.

रक्तज-अधिमन्थः ( raktaja-adhimanthaḥ )

Glaucoma due to vitiated blood, haemorrhagic glaucoma
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: the bright-red appearance of the eye resembling Pentapetes phoenicae flowers; weakness of eyes; tenderness of eyes; bloody discharge; pricking type of pain; all directions appearing to be on fire; eyes resembling ariṣṭa dipped in blood; fiery red eyes; reddish margins; coppery margins; pain as if being torn apart; bleeding through eye.

रक्तज-उपदंशः ( raktaja-upadaṃśaḥ )

Sexually transmitted penile inflammation due to vitiated blood
A disease characterized by black blisters; severe bleeding; features of the pittaja variety; fever; burning sensation; dryness/wasting/emaciation; fleshy appearance.

रक्तज-ओष्ठप्रकोपः ( raktaja-oṣṭhaprakopaḥ )

Disorders of lip due to vitiated blood, lip granuloma
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: eruptions resembling the colour of date-palm fruit; tumour after blood loss; lips obscured with blood; bleeding; vesicles becoming painful; secretion resembling blood.

रक्तज-प्रतिश्यायः ( raktaja-pratiśyāyaḥ )

Rhinitis due to vitiated blood
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a bloody discharge; coppery redness of eyes; afflicted by features of chest injury; bad odour from nose; foul odour from mouth/halitosis; inability to perceive smell; manifestation of unctuous-looking worms; manifestation of whitish worms; manifestation of minute worms; disorders of kṛmija siro roga; feeling of numbness over chest; copperycoloured eyes; itching in ear; itching in eyes; itching in nose.

रक्तज-लिङ्गनाशः ( raktaja-liṅganāśaḥ )

Mature cataract due to vitiated blood
A disorder characterized by a pearl-coloured cataract; colour of red-lotus petal; blackish discoloration of dṛṣṭi; lustreless eyes; loss of vision; red-coloured vision.

रक्तज-वृद्धिः ( raktaja-vṛddhiḥ )

Hydrocoele due to predominance of vitiated blood
A disorder characterized by heavy swelling of scrotum accompanied by copious whitish dense discharge.

रक्तज-शिरोरोगः ( raktaja-śirorogaḥ )

Headache due to vitiated blood
A disorder characterized by pitta-dominant features of headache; tenderness/inability to tolerate head being touched; pitta-predominant pain.

रक्तजगुल्मः ( raktajagulmaḥ )

Lumps or growths due to vitiated rakta
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: stoppage/obstruction of menstrual flow; increased size of abdomen due to obstruction of menstrual flow; colicky pain in abdomen; cough; diarrhoea; vomiting; loss of taste; indigestion; generalized body aches; sleep; lethargy; feeling as if covered with wet cloth; salivation; expression of breast milk; blackish lips; blackish breast areola; severe fatigue of eyes; syncope or swooning; nausea; pedal oedema; mild abdominal striae/striae gravidarum; dilatation of vagina; bad odour of vagina; discharge from vagina; pulsating lump/quickening; signs of pitta gulma; no pulsation; no abdominal enlargement; signs of pregnancy; imperious desire/desire of pregnant woman; weaker/more debilitated; rigidity/stiffness; burning sensation; diarrhoea; pain in uterus; delayed pulsation with pain.

रक्तजग्रन्थिः ( raktajagranthiḥ )

Nodular swelling, cyst due to vitiation of blood
A disorder characterized by numbness and features of pitta-predominant cyst: severe burning; fuming sensation; sucking type of pain; inflammation/suppuration; feeling of being burnt up; reddish swelling; yellow swelling; profuse; warm and bloody discharge; rapidly suppurating.

रक्तजदाहः ( raktajadāhaḥ )

Generalized burning sensation due to vitiated rakta
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: warmth; coppery lustre with copper-red eyes; coppery lustre to skin; thirst; emitting iron-like odour from body; emitting iron-like odour from mouth.

रक्तजमसूरिका ( raktajamasūrikā )

Lentil-shaped pox disease due to vitiated blood
Lentil-shaped eruptive disorder is characterized by red eruptions; yellow eruptions; blackish eruptions; burning sensation; severe pain; rapidly suppurating; altered stools/ loose motions; generalized body aches; burning sensation; thirst; loss of taste; stomatitis; redness of eyes; severe fever; very distressing with high fever.

रक्तजमूर्च्छा ( raktajamūrcchā )

Syncope due to vitiated blood
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: fainting on perceiving solely the smell of blood; reddish vision; deep respiration; body becoming rigid.

रक्तजरोहिणी ( raktajarohiṇī )

Diphtheria due to vitiated blood
A disorder characterized by blisters; blisters with pittapredominant features; heat resembling burning charcoal; otalgia; features of disorder caused by pitta.

रक्तजविद्रधिः ( raktajavidradhiḥ )

Abscess due to vitiated blood
A type of abscess characterized by a swelling covered with black blisters; blackish discoloration; severe burning sensation; painful; fever; features of paittika abscess; swelling resembling ripe fig-fruit or udumbara; blackish colour of swelling; fever; producing a burning sensation; rapid onset and suppuration; yellowish discharge; discharge resembling sesame seeds or tila; discharge resembling black gram or māṣa; discharge resembling kulatthodakaḥ; thirst; confusion/ delirium; intoxication; reddish swelling; copperycoloured swelling.

रक्तजविस्फोटकः ( raktajavisphoṭakaḥ )

Bullous eruptions due to vitiated blood
A disorder characterized by eruptions resembling gunja or vidruma/coral.

रक्तजव्रणः ( raktajavraṇaḥ )

Ulcer due to vitiated rakta
An ulcer characterized by resembling a collection of corap sprouts; covered with black vesicles; covered with black eruptions; covered with black network-like structures; smells like horses’ stable; associated with pain; fuming sensation; bloody discharge; sudden onset; yellowish discoloration; bluish discoloration; oozing resembling palasha flower washings; warm discharge; burning sensation; causing inflammation/suppuration; dreadful-looking; yellowish pustules; pricking pain; burning sensation; smoky/fuming sensation; yellowish or reddish in appearance with a similarly coloured discharge; discharge of pus tinged with blood.

रक्तजव्रणशोफः ( raktajavraṇaśophaḥ )

Pre-ulcerative inflammation due to vitiated rakta
A condition characterized by yellowish-coloured swelling; soft oedema; reddish swelling; rapid onset of suppuration; intensely black-coloured swelling; burning sensation; smoky/ fuming sensation.

रक्तजार्बुदः ( raktajārbudaḥ )

Tumour due to vitiated blood
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: profuse bleeding; nonsuppurative; rapid growth; raised; larger in size; pallor; fleshy projections forming bulky growth; with discharge.

रक्तजार्शः ( raktajārśaḥ )

Haemorrhoids due to vitiated blood
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms fleshy growths; anal obstruction; polyps of different shape and size; severe emaciation; lack of energy; timidity or apathy; blackish discoloration; lack of glow; paleness; loss of lustre; resembling a tree afflicted by worms; associated with complications caused due to marma pīḍa; cough; thirst; unpleasant taste in the mouth; breathlessness/ difficulty in breathing; cold catarrh; breaking type of pain in body; sneezing; swelling; fever; inability to perform sexual act/ impotence; deafness/hearing impairment; errors of refraction/ partial blindness; mutiple gravely particles in urine; weak and feeble voice; hoarseness of voice; staring look; spitting/ excessive expectoration; loss of taste; pain in small joints; bone pains; pain in precordium/cardiac region; pain in umbilical region; pain in anus; pain in groin region; slimy discharge from anus; ricewater discharge from anus; occasional constipation; occasional normal bowels; sometimes wet; sometimes dry; sometimes ripened; sometimes unripened; pale-coloured stools; yellow stools; greenish stools; reddish stools; slimy stools.

रक्तधराकला ( raktadharākalā )

Blood-bearing membrane

रक्तधातुः, रक्तम्, शोणितम् ( rakta-dhātuḥ, raktam, śoṇitam )

Blood
The second of the seven fundamental structural components. Its function is to give life. It is formed in the liver and spleen with the help of colouring pitta and its metabolic component and receives its name from the red colour .

रक्तधातुगतज्वरः ( raktadhātugatajvaraḥ )

Fever due to vitiated blood
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a papular rash filled with rakta or red-coloured pustules; a hot-feeling papular rash; thirst; repeated haemoptysis; burning sensation; redness/congestion; giddiness or dizziness; intoxication; excessive talking/irrelevant speech/ incoherent speech; perspiration; vomiting; papules/eruptions; confusion/delirium.

रक्तधात्वग्निः ( raktadhātvagniḥ )

Metabolic factors located in blood
The transformative factor which converts primary circulating nutrient fluid to blood .

रक्तपित्तम् ( raktapittam )

Haemorrhage from external and internal orifices, bleeding disorders
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: bleeding from body orifices in its upper part, i.e. mouth, nose, eyes and ears; bleeding from body orifices in its lower part, i.e. anus, penis and vagina; bleeding from both body parts; bleeding through hair follicles.

रक्तपुष्टिः ( raktapuṣṭiḥ )

Nourishment of blood
One of the functions of primary circulating nutrient fluid.

रक्तपूर्णकोष्ठः ( raktapūrṇakoṣṭhaḥ )

Accumulation of blood in the thoracoabdominal cavity due to injury

रक्तमोक्षण-अतियोगः ( raktamokṣaṇa-atiyogaḥ )

Condition due to excessive bloodletting
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a burning sensation in the head; blindness; eye disease and glacouma; errors of refraction/partial blindness; diminution of dhātu or emaciation; convulsions; burning sensation; hemiplegia; monoplegia; hiccups; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; cough; pallor/clinical features of paṇḍu; death.

रक्तमोक्षण-अपचारः ( raktamokṣaṇa-apacāraḥ )

Condition due to improper application of bloodletting

रक्तमोक्षण-अयोगः ( raktamokṣaṇa-ayogaḥ )

Condition due to suboptimal or inadequate bloodletting
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: oedema; burning sensation; redness/ congestion; inflammation/suppuration; pain.

रक्तमोक्षणमिथ्यायोगः ( raktamokṣaṇamithyāyogaḥ )

Condition due to improper application of bloodletting
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: profound swelling; rigidity/stiffness; tremors; diseases of tendons and veins; diseases of tendons and veins; fatigued mind and body; other diseases of vāta origin.

रक्तमोक्षणम् (विषोपक्रमः) ( raktamokṣaṇam (viṣopakramaḥ) )

Bloodletting
Removal of vitiated blood by bloodletting in the treatment of poisoning.

रक्तमोक्षणम्/अस्रविस्रुतिः ( raktamokṣaṇam/ asravisrutiḥ )

Bloodletting
The therapeutic measure of bloodletting (in which a specific amount of blood is removed from the body).

रक्तवहस्रोतः ( Raktavahasrotaḥ )

Channel carrying blood
The pathway which carries blood. Entities related to this channel are the liver and spleen.

रक्तवहस्रोतोदुष्टिः ( raktavahasrotoduṣṭiḥ )

Vitiation of channels carrying blood
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: skin afflictions, erysipelas, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, inflammation of rectum, penis, mouth, enlargement of spleen, moles, freckles, jaundice, ringworm, leucoderma, papules, wheals.

रक्तवहस्रोतोविद्धः ( raktavahasrotoviddhaḥ )

Injury to the channels carrying blood
A disorder characterized by black discoloration of body; fever; burning sensation; pallor; bleeding/haemorrhage; redness of the eyes.

रक्तवहा ( Raktavahā )

Vein carrying blood

रक्तवृद्धिः ( raktavṛddhiḥ )

Morbid increase of blood
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: redness of skin/body parts; reddish-coloured eyes; fullness of blood vessels; skin disease; spreading cellulitis/erysipelas; papules/eruptions; irregular or excessive menstruation; redness/inflammation of eyes/conjunctivitis; redness/inflammation of mouth/stomatitis; redness/ inflammation of penis/balanitis; redness/inflammation of anus/ proctitis; plīha; palpable glandular enlargement in abdomen/ abdominal lump; abscess; blackish patches on face; clinical features of jaundice; loss of agni; feeling of entering into darkness; clinical features of vātarakta; diseases caused by pitta; unconsciousness/confusion; urine with blood/bloodcoloured urine/haematuria; clinical features of raktapitta; inflammation of gums/gingivitis; clinical features of jaundice.

रक्तवैषम्यम् ( raktavaiṣamyam )

Disproportion of blood
Changes in the normal quantity and quality of blood.

रक्तशोधनः, अस्रविशोधनः ( raktaśodhanaḥ, asraviśodhanaḥ )

Blood purifier

रक्तसारः ( rakta-sāraḥ )

Person with predominance or essence of blood
Characterized by features such as redness, unctuousness of ears, eyes, mouth, face, tongue, nose, lips, palms, soles, nails, forehead, penis and a pleasant personality.

रक्तातिप्रवृत्तिः ( raktātipravṛttiḥ )

Condition of severe haemorrhage

रक्तातिसारः ( raktātisāraḥ )

Diarrhoea due to vitiated blood
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: stool mixed with blood; thirst; colicky pain in the abdomen; internal burning sensation; proctitis; fever; burning sensation.

रक्ताभिष्यन्दः ( raktābhiṣyandaḥ )

Conjunctivitis due to vitiated blood, acute mucopurulent conjunctivitis
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: coppery lacrimation; reddish discoloration of eyes; generalized deep red vascular lines; features of pittaja abhiṣyanda; reddish tear secretion; increased vascularity; reddish rheum secretion; seeing reddish halos.

रक्ताशयः, शोणितस्थानम्, ( raktāśayaḥ, śoṇitasthānam, rudhirasthānam, jīvaraktāśayaḥ )

Receptacle for rakta
Sites at which blood is stored or collected such as the liver, spleen or heart.

रक्षाकर्म ( rakṣākarma )

Protective measures for the newborn
The different measures adopted to ensure the protection of the newborn from infections and injuries.

रक्षाविधानम् (व्रणचिकित्सा) ( rakṣāvidhānam (vraṇacikitsā) )

Protective measures Measures (e.g. fumigation, chanting mantra) to protect for wound management wounds from factors imperceptible to sense organs that are deleterious to wound healing and clinical outcome.

रजः ( rajaḥ )

Agitation, activity
Characterized by activity, initiation, action and attachment, it is capable of vitiating the mind.

रजतम् ( rajatam )

Silver
Ag (Argentum). Duly processed rajata is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations.

रञ्जकपित्तम् ( Subtype of pitta seated in liver, spleen and its pigment in blood. rañjaka-pittam )

Colouring pitta

रत्नम् ( ratnam )

Gems
Group of gems/precious stones for medicinal usage.

रसः ( rasaḥ )

Taste
Trait of water element.

रसः ( rasaḥ )

Taste
There are six tastes: sweet, sour, salty, pungent, bitter and astringent. The term also indicates the fundamental structural component of primary circulating nutrient fluid (rasadhatu) as well as mercury.

रसकः/खर्परः ( rasakaḥ/kharparaḥ )

Smithsonite, calamine
Zinc carbonate (ZnCo3). In calcinated form rasaka is used as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral formulations.

रसकृतरोगः ( rasakṛtarogaḥ )

Diseases due to inadequate fetal nutrition
Congenital disorders due to a deleterious diet during conception and pregnancy.

रसक्रिया ( rasakriyā )

Water-soluble extract concentrated into semisolid form
The desired drug is decocted, filtered and concentrated into a thick syrup

रसक्रिया (व्रणचिकित्सा) ( rasakriyā (vraṇacikitsā) )

Application of semisolid medicated decoction for wound management
Application of semi-solidified medicated decoction for wound healing.

रसक्रिया क्षुद्राञ्जनम् ( rasakriyā kṣudrāñjanam )

Concentrated decocted A therapeutic procedure in which the desired medication is paste used as eyemade into decoction which is then filtered and concentrated to shadow make a thick paste for use as an eyeshadow .
A disorder characterized by yellowishness of body, hypothermia or mild warmth.

रसक्षयः ( rasakṣayaḥ )

Diminution of primary circulating nutrient fluid

रसक्षयजतृष्णा ( rasakṣayajatṛṣṇā )

Morbid thirst due to depletion of primary circulating nutrient fluid
A disorder characterized by drying up; burning sensation; excessive desire for water.

रसधातुः, रसः ( rasa-dhātuḥ, rasaḥ )

Primary circulating nutrient fluid, primary product of digestion
The first of the seven fundamental structural components. Its major function is nourishment. It is the primary product of digestion and circulates constantly throughout the body from the heart and nourishes other tissues .

रसधातुगतज्वरः ( rasadhātugatajvaraḥ )

Fever due to vitiated primaryproduct of digestion
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: heaviness; apathy; agitation/anxiety; exhaustion; vomiting; loss of taste; hot sensation externally; generalized body aches; yawning; burning sensation in the precordial/cardiac region; nausea/provocation of dosha; breaking type of pain in body.

रसधात्वग्निः ( rasadhātvagniḥ )

Metabolic factors located in primary circulating nutrient fluid
The transformative factor which converts digested food to primary circulating nutrient fluid.

रसनेन्द्रियम् ( rasanendriyam )

Gustatory sense faculty
One of the sensory faculties : the faculty responsible for perception of taste or gustation.

रसपञ्चकम् ( rasapañcakam )

Five pharmaco-therapeutic principles of substance
The five pharmaco-therapeutic principles of substances are taste, quality, potency, post-digestion taste, and unique therapeutic action.

रसवहस्रोतः ( rasavahasrotaḥ )

Channel carrying nutrient fluids
The pathway mediating and distributing the primary circulating nutrient fluid to the body tissues. Entities related to this channel are the heart and vessels carrying primary circulating nutrient fluid.

रसवहस्रोतोदष्टिः ( rasavahasrotoduṣṭiḥ )

Vitiation of channels carrying primary product of digestion
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: anorexia, nausea, impaired sensation of taste, heaviness, fever with body aches, loss of digestive power, premature wrinkling of skin, greying of hair.

रसवहस्रोतोविद्धः ( rasavahasrotoviddhaḥ )

Injury to the channels carrying nutrient fluids
A disorder characterized by dryness/wasting/emaciation; clinical features resembling an injury to prāṇavāha srotas; flexion/bending of body; semiconsciousness or stupefaction; vertigo; shivering/tremors; screaming; death.

रसवहाधमनी ( rasavahādhamanī )

Artery related to perception of taste

रसवृद्धिः ( rasavṛddhiḥ )

Aggravation or morbid increase of primary circulating nutrient fluid
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: nausea; excessive salivation; loss of taste; unpleasant taste in mouth; nausea; aversion to sweet food; generalized body aches; diseases caused by kapha; white discoloration; coldness; obesity; lethargy; heaviness; bodily exhaustion or tiredness/inability to perform physical activities; obstruction in srotas/obstruction to flow of primary circulating nutrient fluid (rasa); syncope or swooning; excessive sleep; drowsiness/lassitude; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; cough; diminution of agni; loosening/dislocation of joints; flaccidity/laxity in body parts.

रसवैषम्यम् ( rasavaiṣamyam )

Derangement of primary circulating nutrient fluid

रसशास्त्रम् ( rasaśāstram )

Discipline dealing with the therapeutic applications of metals and minerals

रसशेषजन्य-अजीर्णम् ( rasaśeṣajanya-ajīrṇam )

Indigestion due to remnant of unabsorbable primary product of digestion)
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: clear eructations but with continuing aversion to food; heaviness in cardiac region; excessive salivation; cardiac pain in spite of clear eructations; precordial discomfort with nausea; heaviness.

रसाञ्जनम् ( rasāñjanam )

Collyrium in form of semi-solid decoction
A type of collyrium in the form of a semi-solidified decoction.

रसातियोगः ( rasātiyogaḥ )

Disorder due to excessive intake of drugs or diet with predominantly one taste

रसायन-चिकित्सा ( rasāyana-cikitsā )

Rejuvenation and revitalization therapy
One of the eight branches of Ayurveda which deals with rejuvenation and improving life quality, longevity and disease control.

रसायनचिकित्सा, जराचिकित्सा ( rasāyanacikitsā, jarācikitsā )

Geriatrics
The clinical speciality of Ayurveda dealing with age-related issues and promoting health and well-being .

रसायनम् ( rasāyanam )

Rejuvenative therapy
The procedures or medicines used to improve health and longevity.

रसाला ( rasālā )

Sweet preparation of curd
A preparation of curd obtained by mixing it with sugar and spices such as pepper.

राक्षसकायः ( rākṣasakāyaḥ )

Person with intolerant, angry temperament
The characteristics of the person with an intolerant, angry temperament are a preference for solitude, wrathfulness, jealousy of others’ progress and irreligiousness.

रागः ( rāgaḥ )

Sweet-sour sauce
A preparation with mixed sweet, sour and salty tastes usually made by using the juice of garcinia, falsa fruit and black plum, and adding sugar, black salt, rock salt and a small amount of mustard powder.

राजयक्ष्मा ( rājayakṣmā )

Consumption disorder complex, diminution of structural components

राजसरोगः ( rājasarogaḥ )

Diseases caused by agitative, reactive tendency
A disorder of the psyche caused by an increase in agitative, reactive tendency in the individual, e.g. excessive anger, jealousy or impetuousness.

राजसिककायः ( rājasikakāyaḥ )

Person with agitated, reactive temperament
The mental and physical characteristics of the person with an agitated, reactive temperament are violence, cowardice, jealousy and greed.

राजावर्तः ( rājāvartaḥ )

Lapis lazuli
Duly processed rajavarta is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbomineral pharmaceutical formulations.

रात्रिचर्या ( rātricaryā )

Night routine

रुक्षणम् ( rukṣaṇam )

Substance which dehydrates

रुचकास्थि ( rucakāsthi )

Teeth

रुजाकरमर्म ( rujākaramarma )

Vulnerable location(s) leading to pain
Marma which if injured may lead to severe pain.

रुधिर-निवारणम् (चतुर्विध) ( rudhira-nivāraṇam (caturvidha) )

Methods of haemostasis
Various methods of arresting bleeding such as sandhānam,skandanam, pācanam and dahanam.

रुह्यमाणव्रणः ( ruhyamāṇavraṇaḥ )

Healing ulcer
An ulcer characterized by pigeon-coloured margins; no internal discharge; fixed to underlying tissue; flaky surface.

रूक्षः ( rūkṣaḥ )

Dryness
The quality of a substance which is responsible for dryness and absorbs moisture.

रूक्षण-अतियोगः ( rūkṣaṇa-atiyogaḥ )

Condition of excessive drying therapy
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: breaking type of pain in small joints; generalized body aches; cough; dryness of mouth; loss of appetite; loss of taste; thirst; weakness of ears; weakness of eyes; loss of memory/confusion state of mind; upward movement of vata; bradycardia; loss of power of body; loss of agni; loss of strength.

रूक्षण-अपचारः ( rūkṣaṇa-apacāraḥ )

Condition due to improper drying therapy

रूक्षरे तोदोषः ( rūkṣaretodoṣaḥ )

Reduced unctuousness of semen
A semen abnormality characterized by reduced unctuousness.

रूपः ( rūpaḥ )

Visual form, colour
Trait of fire element.

रूपवहाधमनी ( Rūpavahādhamanī )

Artery related to perception of form

रे चननस्यम् ( recananasyam )

Cleansing type of intranasal therapy
A type of nasya therapy which eliminates morbid factors from the head region.

रे तोदोषः ( retodoṣaḥ )

Seminal abnormalities
Seminal anomalies including qualitative and quantitative disturbances.

रे वतीग्रहः ( revatīgrahaḥ )

Symptom complex resembling juvenile pernicious anaemia due to external invisible factors
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: black-bluish discoloration; rubbing of ears; rubbing of eyes; rubbing of nose; cough; hiccups; irregular movement of eyes; deviation of mouth; redness of face; goat-like odour; fever; dryness/wasting; greenish faeces; loose stools; limbs covered with ulcers; limbs covered with blisters; muddy odour; bloody discharge; stools not well formed; burning sensation; excessive paleness of body; stomatitis; suffering with pain; easily afflicted.

रेतस् ( retas )

Semen
Part of seminal tissue. Predominantly composed of water element. It generally refers to the ejaculate and carries the male seed.

रोगपरीक्षा ( rogaparīkṣā )

Disease assessment
The process of investigating a disease: it is conducted by applying the five diagnostic principles

रोगाधिष्ठानम् ( rogādhiṣṭhānam )

Disease pathogenesis and manifestation
The site of origin of the pathogenesis and/or manifestation of a disease or condition.

रोगानीकः ( rogānīkaḥ )

Group of diseases, comorbidity
The simultaneous appearance of two or more illnesses.

रोगावस्था ( rogāvasthā )

Disease stage
The different stages or phases of a disease or condition.

रोगि ( rogi )

Patient
A patient is expected to have the following qualities: to be able to afford treatment personally or through a system support (adhya), consenting (bishagvashya), bear in mind instructions personally or through a reminder system (jnapakaḥ) and exert willpower (satvavan).

रोगीपरीक्षा ( rogīparīkṣā )

Patient examination

रोचनः, रुच्यम्, रुचिकृत्, रोचिष्णुः ( rocanaḥ, rucyam,rucikṛt, rociṣṇuḥ )

Taste enhancer

रोदनम्/क्रोशनम् ( rodanam/ krośanam )

Crying
The preverbal child’s act of expression for nearly everything – hunger, discomfort, pain and boredom – as well as an expression of pain or sadness in older (verbal) children.

रोपण-आश्च्योतनम् ( ropaṇa-āścyotanam )

Instillation of eye drops for healing effect
The instillation of liquid medications in the eye for healing effect.

रोपणकर्म ( ropaṇakarma )

Wound-healing measures
Wound-healing procedures using medications.

रोपणकवलः ( ropaṇakavalaḥ )

Mouth gargle with healing property
A type of gargle with healing properties.

रोपणगण्डू षः ( ropaṇagaṇḍūṣaḥ )

Retention of medications with healing property in the oral cavity
Full mouth retention of liquid medications with ulcer-healing properties for a specific time.

रोपणपुटपाकः ( ropaṇapuṭapākaḥ )

Retention of heat extract bolus with healing effects
A therapeutic procedure in which an herbal extract expressed from indirectly heated bolus is retained over the eyes for a stipulated period for healing effect.

रोपणसेकः ( ropaṇasekaḥ )

Continuous streaming of liquid medicines over the eyes for healing effects
A procedure involving gentle pouring of a thin stream of medicated solution over the closed eyelids for a stipulated period for healing effect.

रोपणाञ्जन-अतियोगः ( ropaṇāñjana-atiyogaḥ )

Condition due to overdosage of healing collyrium

रोपणाञ्जन-अपचारः ( ropaṇāñjana-apacāraḥ )

Condition due to improper application of healing collyrium

रोपणाञ्जन-अयोगः ( ropaṇāñjana-ayogaḥ )

Condition due to underdosage of healing collyrium
A condition characterized by no desired effect following the administration of healing collyrium.

रोपणाञ्जनम् ( ropaṇāñjanam )

Collyrium with healing effect
A type of collyrium with healing effect.

रोमकलवणम् ( rōmakalavaṇam )

Sambhar salt

रोमकूपः, कूयकम् ( romakūpaḥ, kūyakam )

Hair follicle

रोमराजी ( romarājī )

Linea nigra

रोमसञ्जननकर्म ( romasañjananakarma )

Stimulation of hair growth (repilation)
The therapeutic measure of stimulating hair growth by external application of medicines to the skin.

रोमान्तः ( romāntaḥ )

Hair tip

रोमावर्तः ( romāvartaḥ )

Hair whorl

रोहिणी ( rohiṇī )

Diphtheria
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a burning sensation at the base of tongue; large swelling at base of tongue; variable types of pains at base of tongue; life expectancy of three days; obstructing the throat; soft tissue growth obstructing the throat; sprouting muscles at root of tongue in the throat; severe; developing and growing fast; killing the patient quickly.

रोहिणी ( rohiṇī )

Sixth layer of skin

लगणः ( lagaṇaḥ )

Chalazion
A disorder characterized by a non-suppurating; hard; big; knotty; painless swelling in the eyelid; hardness; broad; painless swelling; itching; slimy; resembling a kola in size; pale swelling.

लघुः ( laghuḥ )

Lightness
The quality of a substance which promotes lightness and decreases physical bulk and heaviness.

लघुत्रयी (माधवनिदान, शार्ङ्गधरसंहिता, भावप्रकाश) ( Laghutrayī (Mādhavanidāna, Śārṅgadharasaṃhita, Bhāvaprakāśa) )

Lesser triad of Ayurveda texts
The supportive texts of Ayurveda. Madhavanidana, Sharangadharasamhita and Bhavaprakāśa.

लङ्घन-अतियोगः ( laṅghana-atiyogaḥ )

Condition of excessive depletion therapy

लङ्घन-अपचारः ( laṅghana-apacāraḥ )

Condition due to improper depletion therapy

लङ्घनम् ( laṅghanam )

Lightness promoting therapy
One of the six types of treatment modalities: a procedure that induces lightness in the body.

लज्जा ( lajjā )

Shyness
A term that expresses modesty, sense of decency or decorum.

लता ( latā )

Climber
A twiner or climber, e.g. vidari (Pueraria tuberosa) or kapikacchu (Mucuna prurita).

ललाटम्, अलिकम् ( lalāṭam, alikam )

Forehead

ललाटसिरा ( lalāṭasirā )

Veins of the forehead

लवण-रसः, पटुः ( lavaṇa-rasaḥ, paṭuḥ )

Salty taste

लवणमेहः ( lavaṇamehaḥ )

Polyuria disorder with urine resembling salt solution
A disorder characterized by salty urine.

लवणम् ( lavaṇam )

Salt
Different salts used in medicinal preparations.

लवणरसातियोगः ( lavaṇarasātiyogaḥ )

Disorder due to excessive intake of salty substances
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: vitiation of pitta; pronounced increase in rakta; thirst; syncope or swooning; hotness/pyrexia; cracking/ fissuring of skin; suppuration of māṃsa; suppuration of skin diseases/appearance of skin lesions; increased effect of viṣa; rupturing of swellings; loosening of teeth; tooth loss; impotence/loss of sexual vigour; obstruction of sense organ functioning; wrinkles; greying of hair; hair loss/baldness; signs of raktapitta; amlapitta; spreading cellulitis/erysipelas; vātarakta; vicharchika; indralupta; itching; wheal-like skin eruptions; oedema; discoloration; stomatitis; inflammation of eyes; sour belching/eructations; clinical features of kiṭibha; convulsions; agumentation of wounds; augumentation of insanity; loss of physical strength or weakness; diminution of ojas.

लवणस्कन्धः ( lavaṇaskandhaḥ )

Group of salty substances

लसीका ( lasīkā )

Lymphatic exudate
Clear fluid exudate at the site of a skin injury, one of the sites of pitta.

लाक्षारसः ( lākṣārasaḥ )

Solute of shellac

लाजपेया ( lājapeyā )

Thin gruel of parched grain
A thin gruel prepared from parched grains.

लाजमण्डः ( lājamaṇḍaḥ )

Liquid portion of parched grain gruel
The liquid portion of gruel prepared from parched grains

लाजसक्तुः ( lājasaktuḥ )

Flour of roasted parched grain
A type of food preparation made from the flour of roasted parched grain by adding water and sugar, and mixing it to the consistency of paste.

लाजा ( lājā )

Parched paddy
A preparation of roasted grains which is easily digestible.

लालामेहः ( lālāmehaḥ )

Polyuria disorder with urine similar in consistency to saliva
A disorder characterized by passage of saliva-like urine containing shreds; slimy urine.

लिक्षा ( likṣā )

Nit infestation
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: itching; wheal-like skin eruptions; papules/ eruptions; nodular swelling.

लिङ्गः, आकृतिः , लक्षणम् , चिह्नम् , संस्थानम् , व्यञ्जनम् , रूपम् . ( linga )

Signs and symptoms
Ayurveda uses several terms as synonyms for signs and symptoms, based on the different perspectives under which they are understood. Any morbid phenomenon or departure from the normal in structure, function or sensation, as experienced by the patient or observed by the physician and indicating a disease. The terms used are लिङ्गः, आकृतिः , लक्षणम् , चिह्नम् , संस्थानम् , व्यञ्जनम् , रूपम् .

लिङ्गनाशः ( liṅganāśaḥ )

Mature cataract
A disorder characterized by ability to see only glowing objects; impariment of vision; objects appearing to be dazzling; seeing star-like objects; seeing lightning before eyes.

लिङ्गनाशमिथ्यावेधनम् ( liṅganāśamithyāvedhanam )

Condition due to improper puncturing in eye diseases
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: redness/congestion; oedema; tumour; sucking type of pain; muscular growth resembling bubble; downward gaze; eye disease/glacouma; pain.

लीढम् ( līḍham )

Lickables
Semisolid food items such as pastes, jams, and jellies, which are licked when consumed.

लीनदोषावस्था ( līnadoṣāvasthā )

Vitiated dosha lying dormant
A state in which vitiated dosha remains dormant (concealed) in the body conduits. In this state, the dosha remains primed to cause diseases when circumstances are favourable.

लूताविषः ( lūtāviṣaḥ )

Poisoning due to spider bite

लेखन-आश्च्योतनम् ( lekhana-āścyotanam )

Instillation of eye drops for curetting effect
The instillation of liquid medications in the eye for curetting effect.

लेखनकर्म ( lekhanakarma )

Scraping
The procedure of removing hard, raised excess tissue by scraping or curettage.

लेखनकर्म ( lekhanakarma )

Therapeutic scraping
Therapeutic scraping procedure for wound management.

लेखनपुटपाकः ( lekhanapuṭapākaḥ )

Retention of heat extract bolus with curetting effect
A therapeutic procedure in which an herbal extract expressed from indirectly heated bolus is retained over the eyes for a stipulated period for curetting effect.

लेखनम् ( lekhanam )

Drying and sloughing
A therapeutic action which dries and sheds tissues or impurities from the body.

लेखनसेकः ( lekhanasekaḥ )

Continuous streaming of liquid medicines over the eyes for curetting effect
A procedure involving gentle pouring of a thin stream of medicated solution over the closed eyelids for a stipulated period for curetting effect.

लेखनाञ्जन-अतियोगः ( lekhanāñjana-atiyogaḥ )

Condition due to excessive application of scraping collyrium
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: distortion of eyes or vision; hardness in eyes; discoloration of eyes; flabbiness; excessive dryness of eyes; excessive lacrimation.

लेखनाञ्जन-अपचारः ( lekhanāñjana-apacāraḥ )

Condition due to improper application of scraping collyrium

लेखनाञ्जन-अयोगः ( lekhanāñjana-ayogaḥ )

Condition due to suboptimal application of scraping collyrium

लेखनाञ्जनम् ( lekhanāñjanam )

Collyrium with curetting effect
A type of collyrium or añjanam with curetting effect.

लेखनातियोगः ( lekhanātiyogaḥ )

Doncition due to excessive scraping in eye diseases
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: the eyelids remaining everted; eyelashes becoming distorted; pain; profuse discharge.

लेखनायोगः ( lekhanāyogaḥ )

Condition due to inadequate scraping in eye diseases
A condition characterized a thick bloody discharge from the eye wound produced by the instrument; redness/congestion; oedema; excessive discharge; errors of refraction/partial blindness; failure of condition to improve; brownish discoloration of eyelid; heaviness; fixedness of eyelid; itching of eyelid; flickering of eyelids; sticky discharge; severe inflammation of eye.

लेख्यरोगः ( lekhyarogaḥ )

Eye disorders for curetting
Eye diseases in which the surgical procedure of curetting or scraping is indicated.

लेपः ( lepaḥ )

Ointment
Medication in the form of a paste for external application.

लेपः (विषोपक्रमः) ( lepaḥ (viṣopakramaḥ) )

Antipoison annointment
The application of ointments, cold pastes and/or creams to treat poisoning.

लेहः ( lehaḥ )

Electuary
A sweet semi-liquid preparation that is consumed by licking.

लेहः (विषोपक्रमः) ( lehaḥ (viṣopakramaḥ) )

Electuary detoxification
Administering medicine in avaleha (semi-solid) form for detoxification purposes.

लेहनम् ( lehanam )

Licking of electuaries
A method for administering electuaries in children, both as a therapeutic and food supplement.

लोभः ( lobhaḥ )

Greed
An excessive or insatiable desire to acquire an object beyond need.

लोमकू पमलः ( lomakūpamalaḥ )

Sebum

लोमापहरणम् ( lomāpaharaṇam )

Depilation
The procedure of removing hairs at skin level.

लोहितका ( lohitakā )

Condition of neck stiffness due to improper piercing of child’s ear
A condition characterized by neck and head stiffness; tetanus; and earache.

लोहितमेहः/रक्तमेहः ( lohitamehaḥ/ raktamehaḥ )

Polyuria disorder with urine mixed with blood
A disorder characterized by urine smelling like raw flesh; urine tasting like saline; reddish urine; elimination of urine which is hot in nature; passage of blood with urine.

लोहिता, असृग्धरा ( lohitā, asṛgdharā )

Second layer of skin

लोहिताक्षः (मर्म) ( lohitākṣaḥ (marma)

Vulnerable location(s) near the upper part of the thigh below inguinal region
Two in number (one in each lower limb) which when injured causes severe bleeding leading to paralysis or death.

लोहितार्म/क्षतार्म ( lohitārma/ kṣatārma )

Progressive pterygium
A disorder characterized by muscular growth resembling a lotus; even muscular growth; glossy muscular growth; soft tissue resembling a lotus flower.

लोहितिका ( Lohitikā )

Vein located in the ear

लौहम्/लोहः ( lauham/lohaḥ )

Iron
Fe (Ferrum). Duly processed loha is employed as a standalone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations.

वक्री ( vakrī )

Abnormallyshaped penis
Impotency due to penile deformity.

वक्षस्थलम् ( vakṣasthalam )

Chest region

वङ्क्षणः, गण्डकः ( vaṅkṣaṇaḥ, gaṇḍakaḥ )

Groin

वङ्गम् ( vaṅgam )

Tin
Sn (Stannum). Duly processed vanga is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations.

वदनान्तरम्, मुखकुहरम् ( vadanāntaram, mukhakuharam )

Oral cavity

वनस्पतिः ( vanaspatiḥ )

Plant bearing fruits only
A plant which does not bear visible flowers (apushpa) such as the flowerless Ficus glomerata (uduṃbara) or Ficus benghalensis (vaṭa).

वनोपला, वनोत्पला, वन्योपला, करीषः ( vanopalā, vanotpalā, vanyopalā, karīṣaḥ )

Cow-dung cake
Cattle droppings which dry naturally in the open fields. Each approximately weighs around 50 to 75 grams.

वपावहनम्, वपा ( vapāvahanam, vapā )

Omentum

वमन-अतियोगः ( vamana-atiyogaḥ )

Condition due to excessive therapeutic emesis

वमन-अपचारः ( vamana-apacāraḥ )

Condition due to improper emetic therapy

वमन-अयोगः ( vamana-ayogaḥ )

Condition of incomplete emetic therapy

वमन-कर्म, ऊर्ध्वभागहर-कर्म ( vamana-karma, ūrdhvabhāgahara-karma )

Therapeutic emesis
A therapeutic emesis to eliminate vitiated pitta and kapha which are drawn to the stomach by preparatory panchakarma procedures .

वमन-व्यापदः ( vamana-vyāpadaḥ )

Condition of improper administration of emetic therapy

वमनकर्म ( vamanakarma )

Removal of foreign body by emesis
The removal of a loosely impacted foreign body by emesis.

वमनकर्म (व्रनचिकित्सा) ( vamanakarma (vraṇacikitsā) )

Therapeutic emesis for wound management
Therapeutic induction of emesis for wound management.

वमनकर्म/प्रच्छर्दनम् ( vamanakarma/ pracchardanam )

Therapeutic emesis
A therapeutic process for the controlled induction of emesis along with a series of pre- and post-intervention measures.

वमनमिथ्यायोगः / अवम्यानाम् वमन व्यापदः ( vamanamithyāyogaḥ/ avamyānām vamana vyāpadaḥ )

Condition due to improper emetic therapy

वमनम् (विषोपक्रमः) ( vamanam (viṣopakramaḥ)

Emesis for detoxification
Therapeutic induction of emesis for the expulsion of poison.

वमितविरिक्तयोस्तु आस्थापनस्य व्यापदः ( vamitaviriktayostu āsthāpanasya vyāpadaḥ )

Condition caused by medicated decoction enema administered to person who has just taken emetic therapy and purgation therapy
A condition characterized by administration of niruha vasti which burns the dehydrated body as if ulcerated by application of alkalis.

वयः/ कालः ( vayaḥ/kālaḥ )

Age
Inevitable life events

वयस्थापनम् ( vayasthāpanam )

Rejuvention therapy for healthy ageing
Rejuvenation therapy or medicines beneficial for prolonging youth and preventing senile changes in the body.

वराहदंष्ट्रकः ( varāhadaṃṣṭrakaḥ )

Lesion resembling an injury from pig tusk, pig-bite
A disorder characterized by severe pain; itching sensation; fever; associated with suppuration of skin; associated with burning sensation; reddish-coloured appearance of lesion circumference.

वराहपुटः ( varāhapuṭaḥ )

Traditional oven using 500 cow dung cakes
A traditional oven using 500 cow-dung cakes to produce heat for the calcination or incineration of mica, copper, silver and cowrie shells.

वर्ण्यः ( varṇyaḥ )

Complexion enhancer
Therapy or medicines beneficial for healthy skin and improved skin tone.

वर्ण्यलेपः ( varṇyalepaḥ )

Ointment promoting complexion
A type of ointment or lepa which promotes a healthy complexion.

वर्तनकर्म ( vartanakarma )

Approximation of wound edges
A therapeutic measure in which wound edges are approximated to promote healing.

वर्तलौहम्, वर्तलोहम् ( Vartalauham, vartalohaḥ )

An alloy of iron, bronze, copper and brass
Duly processed vartala is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbomineral pharmaceutical formulations.

वर्तिः ( vartiḥ )

Therapeutic wick
A therapeutic method for the eye using a wick made of medicinal paste.

वर्तिः (व्रणचिकित्सा) ( vartiḥ (vraṇacikitsā) )

Application of medicated wick for wound management
A medicated wick used for wound cleansing (debridement) and healing.

वर्त्म-रोगः ( vartma-rogaḥ )

Disorders of eyelids

वर्त्म, नेत्रकोशः, अक्षिकोशः, नेत्र-छादनम् , अक्षिपुटम्, नेत्रपुटम्, अक्षिवर्त्म, अक्षिवर्त्मकोशः ( Vartma, netrakośaḥ, akṣikoṣaḥ, netra-chādanam, akṣipuṭam, netrapuṭam, akṣivartma, akṣivartmakoṣaḥ )

Eyelid

वर्त्मकर्दमः ( vartmakardamaḥ )

Lid abscess
A disorder characterized by moist and watery eyelids; blackish discoloration; appearance resembling mud.

वर्त्मगत-रक्तार्शः/शोणितार्शः ( vartmagataraktārśaḥ/ śoṇitārśaḥ )

Warts on eyelids
A disorder characterized by growths continuing after repeated excision; soft growths; burning sensation; itching; pain; stiffness; smooth/unctuous/oily; associated with discharge.

वर्त्मपटलम् ( vartmapaṭalam )

Layers of the eyelids

वर्त्ममण्डलम् ( vartmamaṇḍalam )

Eyelid

वर्त्मशर्करा ( vartmaśarkarā )

Spring catarrh, granular form of trachoma
A disorder characterized by large rugous nodules; dense nodules; rough nodules; thick nodules.

वर्त्मशुक्लसन्धिः ( vartma-śukla-sandhiḥ )

Junction of palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva

वर्त्मसन्धिः ( vartmasandhiḥ )

Palpebral junction

वर्त्मार्बुदः ( vartmārbudaḥ )

Polyp or papilloma of lid
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a growth situated at the lid margin; irregular/ uneven; developing into a growth; painless; hyperaemic; hanging; swelling resembling muscular lump; hard swelling; movable externally.

वर्त्मावबन्धकः ( vartmāvabandhakaḥ )

Allergic oedema of the eyelid
A disorder characterized by itching; mild pricking sensation; oedema of eyelids; inability to close eyes properly.

वर्धनः/खलिः ( vardhanaḥ/ khaliḥ )

Supernumerary teeth
A disorder characterized by severe pain; pain subsiding on tooth eruption; excessive growth/additional tooth; severe pain during tooth eruption.

वलयः ( valayaḥ )

Hypopharyngeal growth, PlummerVinson syndrome
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: an elongated prominent swelling; raised swelling; obstruction of food; uncontrolled intensity; mild pain; ring-shaped swelling.

वलयास्थि ( valayāsthi )

Curved bone

वल्मीकः ( valmīkaḥ )

Anthill-like growth on palms; sole; neck with openings
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: the occurrence of a lesion with multiple minute openings in the palm resembling an anthill; lesion with multiple minute openings in sole resembling an anthill; lesion with multiple minute openings in supraclavicular region resembling an anthill; lesion with multiple minute openings at joints resembling an anthill; pain; associated with itching; burning sensation; excessive sticky discharge; gradual development; pricking pain.

वल्लीकर्णः ( vallīkarṇaḥ )

Lobuloplasty type 13
A type of lobuloplasty indicated when the flaps of the earlobe are thin, unequal and short.

वल्लूरकः ( vallūrakaḥ )

Lobuloplasty type 3
A type of lobuloplasty indicated when both flaps of the divided earlobe are circular, short and equal.

वशी ( vaśī )

Complete self-control
Absolute autonomy, not subject to control by others.

वसा ( vasā )

Intramuscular fat
Supportive structural component of muscle.

वसामेहः ( vasāmehaḥ )

Polyuria disorder with urine resembling muscle fat
A disorder characterized by recurrent passage of urine; passage of urine having a fatty appearance; passage of fat-mixed urine.

वस्तिकुक्षिः ( vastikukṣiḥ )

Lumen of urinary bladder

वस्तिमुखम् ( vastimukham )

Opening of the urinary bladder

वस्तिशिरः, वस्तिमूर्धा, बस्तिशीर्शम् ( vastiśiraḥ, vastimūrdhā, bastiśīrṣam )

Bladder fundus

वह्निजारः ( vahnijāraḥ )

Ambergris
Duly processed vahnijara is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbomineral pharmaceutical formulations.

वाक् -सिद्धिः ( vāk-siddhiḥ )

Eloquence
An articulate command of the language.

वाक्यदोषः ( vākyadoṣaḥ )

Syntax error, defective sentence
A statement deficient in any of the five components of a sentence, thereby resulting in incomplete or distorted expression of meaning.

वाक्यप्रशंसा ( vākyapraśaṃsā )

Correct statement
A statement free of any syntactical deficiencies and congruent with its exactly intended meaning.

वाक्यशेषः ( vākyaśeṣaḥ )

Supply of ellipsis
A statement in which some word(s) are lacking and have to be correctly surmised and supplied to derive the exact meaning of a sentence in its given context.

वागिन्द्रियम् ( vāgindriyam )

Speech faculty
One of the motor faculties : it represents the combined function of phonation and articulation.

वाजीकरणचिकित्सा ( vājīkaraṇacikitsā )

Aphrodisiac or virility treatment
A treatment for improvement of male and female fertility and virility which promotes śukra secretion

वाजीकरणचिकित्सा, वृषचिकित्सा ( vājīkaraṇacikitsā, vṛṣacikitsā )

Fertility treatment
The clinical speciality of Ayurveda dealing with reproductive and sexual health.

वाजीकरणम् ( vājīkaraṇam )

Potency and fertility therapy
One of the eight clinical branches of Ayurveda concerned with aphrodisiac use.

वाट्यः ( vāṭyaḥ )

Fried barley porridge
A type of food preparation made from fried barley.

वाट्यमण्डः ( vāṭyamaṇḍaḥ )

Liquid portion of porridge prepared with fried barley
The liquid portion of food preparations made from fried barley and consisting of one part fried barley and 14 parts water.

वातः ( vātaḥ )

Vata, dosha regulating movement and cognition
One of the three regulatory functional factors (dosha). The functional balance governing all sensory perceptions, motor activities and higher mental activities. The predominant basic elements in vata are air and space.

वात-कर्म ( vāta-karma )

Functions of vata

वातकफतृतीयकज्वरः ( vātakaphatṛtīyakajvaraḥ )

Intermittent fever recurring every third day due to predominance of vata and kapha
A disorder characterized by stiffness of back or pruśṭha.

वातकुण्डलिका ( vātakuṇḍalikā )

Bladder insufficiency with reverse movement of urine
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: heaviness of body; feeling of being wrapped/ cramps; obstruction to passage of urine/retention; faecal retention; feeling of rigidity; scanty micturition; passage of urine with pain; spiralling of urine within urinary bladder or basti; passage of urine with pain during defecation.

वातक्षयः ( vātakṣayaḥ )

Diminution of vata
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: sluggishness of body; reduced talking; displeasure or discontent; loss of consciousness; exhaustion; tiredness or inability to perform physical activities; reduced activities; loss of investigating intelligence or consciousness; diseases due to increased kapha; excessive salivation; loss of taste; nausea and palpitations; impairment of agni.

वातखुड्डता/वातकण्टकः ( vātakhuḍḍatā/vātakaṇṭakaḥ )

Pain specific to heels

वातज ग्रहणीरोग ( vātaja grahaṇīroga )

Chronic diarrhoea with malabsorption of nutrients due to vitiated vāta
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: diminution of agni or digestive power; difficulty in digesting food; fermentation of food; roughness of body; dryness in throat; dryness in mouth; appetite; thirst; errors of refraction/partial blindness; tinnitus; excess pain in sides of chest/flanks; pain in thighs; severe/constant pain in groins; severe/constant pain in neck; indigestion with vomiting and diarrhoea with colicky pain; precordial pain/ cardiac pain; emaciation; weakness; altered taste in mouth; cutting type of pain in anal region; craving for various tastes; mental depression; flatulence after digestion of food; flatulence during digestion of food; sense of well-being after taking meals; anxious about developing vātagulma; anxious about developing cardiac disease; anxious about developing splenomegaly; takes long time to evacuate bowels; defecation with pain; stools liquid in nature; stool in dry state; stool in less quantity; stool with āma; stool accompanied with loud sound; frothy stools; repeatedly passing stool; cough; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; severe pain in anus; pain in precordium/cardiac region; severe pain in abdomen; severe pain in head; dryness of palate; anxious about having haemorrhoids; suspicion of pandu rōga.

वातज-अतिसारः ( vataja-atisāraḥ )

Diarrhoea due to vitiated vata
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: defecation of faeces with higher water content/ watery stools; faeces with unformed stools; broken/unformed stools; stools sink in water; dry stools; watery stools; defecation with pain; stools smelling like raw meat; defecation with little sound; suppression of urine; suppression of flatus; barborygmi/ gurgling sound of intestines; anal/rectal prolapse; exhausted back; exhausted thighs; exhausted calf muscles; small quantities; frothy faecal matter; dry faecal matter; dark brown colour; faeces with flatus; defecation with loud sound; formed stools; clear stools; compact stools; frequent defecation; stools resembling burnt jaggery; frothy stools with cutting pain in anus; dry mouth; horripilation; slightly reddish faecal matter; gripping pain; gurgling sound; loud groaning.

वातज-अधिमन्थः ( vātaja-adhimanthaḥ )

Glaucoma due to vitiated vata, acute congestive glaucoma
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: feeling as if the eye is being extracted; being churned up by an araṇi; foreign body sensation; pricking pain; splitting type of pain; intense swelling of tissue; eyeball looking muddy/turbid; feeling of constriction; feeling of bursting; raised tension; twitching; ipsilateral headache; tinnitus; giddiness or dizziness; feeling as if forehead is being churned with araṇi; feeling as if eyes are being churned with araṇi; feeling as if eyebrows are being churned with araṇi.

वातज-अपस्मारः ( vātaja-apasmāraḥ )

Epilepsy due to vitiated vāta
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: intermittent seizures; regaining consciousness/alertness in a moment; protrusion of eyes; irrelevant talking; frothy vomiting; stretching of neck; head injury; abnormally contracted fingers; hand improperly placed; leg improperly placed; slightly reddish nails; slightly reddish eyes; slightly reddish face; slightly reddish skin; rough/dry nails; rough/dry eyes; rough/dry mouth/face; rough/dry skin; blackish nails; blackish eyes; darkened face; blackish skin; showing abnormal presentation; viewing unstable objects; seeing rough/dry objects; seeing dryness; tremors; grinding teeth; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; visualizing everything as reddish; visualizing everything as black; person feels as if chased by black horrifying object/person; total disturbance of mind; pricking pain in cardiac region; agony/ pain; excessive talking/irrelevant speech/incoherent speech; cooing sound from throat; fluttering of legs; crying in scratchy voice; inflated neck; jerking body in all directions; dry eyes;

वातज-अरोचकः ( vātaja-arocakaḥ )

Anorexia due to vitiated vata
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: dental hyperaesthesia; astringent taste in oral cavity; precordial pain/cardiac pain; oppression of heart; loss of taste in mouth.

वातज-अश्मरी ( vātaja-aśmarī )

Urinary calculus due to vitiated vatadosha
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a stone resembling kadamba flower (Anthocephalus cadamba) with pocket-like shapes; obstruction to passage of urine; severe pain; gnashing/ grinding teeth; squeezing umbilical region; due to excess breaking pain, internal burning sensation person keeps touching genitalia and anal region; difficulty in passing flatus; difficulty in passing urine; difficulty in passing faeces; excessive passage of flatus; excessive passage of urine; excessive passage of faeces; blackish stone; rough stone; irregular-shaped stone; rough calculus; stone covered with thorn; sudden onset of pain; shivering/tremors; constant groaning in agony; faeces expelled along with flatus; dropwise passage of urine.

वातज-उदररोगः ( vātaja-udararogaḥ )

Abdominal enlargement due to vitiated vata
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: abdominal oedema; oedema in hands; oedema in legs; cracking of abdominal skin; fluctuating abdominal oedema; pain in abdomen; pain in sides of chest/ flanks; upward movement of vāta; generalized body aches; breaking type of pain in small joints; dry cough; emaciation; weakness; loss of taste; indigestion; heaviness in lower abdomen; suppression of flatus; obstruction to elimination of urine; retention of faeces/constipation; blackish nails; blackish eyes; blackish face; blackish urine; blackish skin; blackish faeces; slightly reddish nails; slightly reddish eyes; slightly reddish face; slightly reddish urine; slightly reddish skin; slightly reddish faeces; thin veins spread across the abdomen; blackish veins spread across the abdomen; abdomen on percussion sounds like a distended leather bag; upward movement of vayu with pain; downward movement of vayu with pain; random movement of vayu with pain; upward movement of vayu with sound; downward movement of vayu with sound; random movement of vayu with sound; scrotal oedema; low back pain; pricking type of pain in abdomen; breaking type of pain in abdomen; in side of chests/flanks;in back; in umbilical region; blackish veins spread on painful distended abdomen with abdominal sounds.

वातज-उपदंशः ( vātaja-upadaṃśaḥ )

Sexually transmitted penile inflammation due to vitiated vata
A disease characterized by roughness/dryness; skin cracking; stiffness of shaft; rough oedema; various types of vātika pain; penile oedema; various types of pain; blackish blisters; breaking type of pain; pricking pain; pulsating sensation.

वातज-ओष्ठप्रकोपः ( vātaja-oṣṭhaprakopaḥ )

Disorders of lip due to vitiated vāta, cracked lip
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: dryness of mouth; excessive dryness of face; dryness of face; shifting pain; black salivation; slightly reddish salivation; cold salivation; loosening of lips; pulsating sensation; pricking pain in lips; rough lips; hard lips; rigid lips; dark/blackish lips; severe pain in lips; cracking of lips; fissuring of lips; severe pain.

वातज-योनिरोगः ( vātaja-yonirogaḥ )

Vaginal disease due to predominant vāta
A gynaecological disorder characterized by a pricking pain in the female genital organs; roughness of female genital organs; feeling as if ants are crawling over the body/ formication; numbness; exertion; menstrual flow with sound; menstrual flow with pain; frothy menstruation; dry menstruation; stiffness of female genital organs; pain; pricking type of pain; tinnitus; slightly reddish-brown menstrual flow; blackish menstrual flow; scanty menstrual flow; thin menstrual flow; feeling as if pelvis has prolapsed; pelvic pain; feeling as if sides of chest/flanks have prolapsed; pain in sides of chest/ flanks; leading to gulma; diseases according to the affected dosha. Note: yoni can indicate both the internal and external female genital organs.

वातज-वृद्धिः ( vātaja-vṛddhiḥ )

Hydrocoele due to vata predominance
A disorder characterized by blackish blisters; breaking type of pain; pricking pain; pulsating sensation.

वातज-शिरोरोगः ( vātaja-śirorogaḥ )

Headache due to vitiated vata
Headache characterized by severe pain; severe pricking pain in both temporal regions; severe pricking pain at nape of neck; breaking pain in both temporal regions; breaking pain at nape of neck; burning sensation in middle of eyebrows; burning sensation in forehead; severe pain between both eyebrows; severe pain in forehead; puncturing pain in both ears; tininitus; feeling as if eyes being extracted; feeling as if head spinning; sensation of laxation in skull region; pulsating sensation over vascular plexus; stiffness of neck; sudden onset of pain; pulsating sensation; severe headache without apparent cause; severe headache at night; headache relieved by bandage; headache relieved by fomentation; heaviness of head; locked jaw; intolerance of light/photophobia; rhinorrhoea; sudden relief of pain; softness generated by massaging; softness generated by oil; softness generated by sudation; softness generated by bandaging.

वातजकर्णरोगः/ वातजकर्णशूलम् ( vātajakarṇarogaḥ/ vātajakarṇaśūlam )

Ear disorder due to vitiated vata, acute otalgia
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: tinnitus; severe pain in ears (atiruk; drying of wax; thin watery discharge; loss of hearing; pain around ears; intermittent pain in bouts; hemicranial headache; rigidity/ stiffness of ear; aversion to cold; suppurating after a long time; discharge of small amount of clear fluid if suppuration occurs; occasional feeling of blockage of ears.

वातजकासः ( vātajakāsaḥ )

Cough due to vitiated vata
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: pain in precordium/cardiac region pain in sides of chest/flanks; headache; pain in temporal region; pain in abdomen; hoarseness of voice; feeling of dryness in chest; dryness of throat; feeling of dryness in the mouth; anxious appearance of face; body hair bristling or thrilling; loss of consciousness; rattling sound; apathy; sound of hollow cough; diminution of strength; diminution of voice; diminution of vitality; irritation in chest; confusion/delirium; dry cough; dry phlegm expelled with difficulty for only mild relief; constant coughing until phlegm is expelled; pain, with noise; horripilation.

वातजक्षीरदोषः ( vātajakṣīradoṣaḥ )

Breast milk vitiated by vāta
A disorder characterized by breast milk giving rise to constipation in children; causing retention of urine in children; astringent taste; immediately dissolving in water; dry in nature.

वातजगलगण्डः ( vātaja-galagaṇḍaḥ )

Goitre due to vitiated vāta
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: pricking pain (todaḥ); full of blackish veins; covered with black striae; blackish swelling; slightly reddish swelling; bluish black swelling; after a while becoming unctuous; painless; hard swelling; taking a long time to increase; nonsuppurative; occasionally suppurating; sometimes suppurating; unpleasant taste in mouth; dryness of palate; dryness of throat.

वातजगुल्मः ( vātajagulmaḥ )

Lumps or growths due to vitiated vāta
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: frequent increase in size; frequent reduction in size; inconsistent levels of pain; feeling as if ants are crawling on body; severe pricking type of pain; severe splitting type of pain; severe pulsating type of sensation; severe stretching type of pain; severe contraction type of pain; severe feeling of numbness; severe feeling of horripilation; marked increase and decrease in above signs and symptoms; sensation of perforation/piercing type of pain; feeling as if pierced by śaṅku; fever at end of day; dryness in mouth; obstructed expiration; horripilation during pain;spleenomegaly; gurgling intestinal sounds/borborygmi; indigestion; upward movement of vāta; generalized body aches; neck pain; headache; pain in temporal region; swelling in inguinal region/hernia; blackish discoloration of skin; blackish discoloration of nails; blackish discoloration of eyes; blackish discoloration of face; blackish discoloration of urine; blackish discoloration of faeces; slightly reddish discoloration of skin; slightly reddish discoloration of nails; slightly reddish discoloration of eyes; slightly reddish-coloured face; slightly reddish discoloration of urine; slightly reddish discoloration of faeces; rough/dry skin; rough nails; roughness of eyes; roughness of mouth/face; roughness of urine; roughness of faeces; pain in precordium/cardiac region; pain in abdomen; dryness in throat; confinement/lack of movement of vata; irregular agni; diseases due to vāta; fever; frequent difficult expiration; stiffness of body parts; emaciation; dryness of skin; indeterminate form and shape; indeterminate area or site; indeterminate growth; indeterminate decrease; indeterminate pain; feeling as if ants are moving all over; increased complications in vatakala; occasional stretching of skin; occasional skin contractions; whole body pain but mainly at urinary bladder or basti; pyrexia with chills; pain in sides of chest/flanks; pain in shoulders; headache increasing after digestion of food, lessening while eating.

वातजग्रन्थिः ( vātajagranthiḥ )

Nodular swelling, cyst due to vitiated vata
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a feeling of stretching; distress; pricking pain; a tearing type of pain associated with a cutting sensation; sensation of rending; blackish swelling; hard swelling; distended like the urinary bladder or basti; clear blood discharge on bursting; swelling abruptly increasing and decreasing; soft swelling.

वातजचतुर्थकज्वरः ( vātajacaturthakajvaraḥ )

Intermittent fever recurring every fourth day due to predominance of vāta
A disorder characterized by an initial affliction of the head.

वातजछर्दिः ( vātajachardiḥ )

Vomiting due to vitiated vata
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: precordial pain/cardiac pain; pain in flanks; dryness of mouth; headache; discomfort/pain in umbilical region; cough; alteration of voice; pricking pain; eructations with loud sounds; frothy vomitus; shredded/variegated vomitus; blackish vomitus; thin/scanty vomitus; astringent vomitus; difficulty in vomiting; small quantity of vomitus; vomiting with great force; vomiting with pain; pain in back; fatigued/tired; vomiting in large quantity; more vomiting after digestion; exhaustion without exertion.

वातजतृष्णा ( vātajatṛṣṇā )

Morbid thirst due to vitiated vāta
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: dryness of mouth; loss of taste in the mouth; pain in temporal region; headache exacerbated by drinking of cold water; feeling of obstructed passages; insomnia; vertigo; wasted/dried up/emaciated; apathy; inability to smell; unpleasant taste in mouth; diminished hearing ability; diminished sleep; diminished strength.

वातजदन्तनाडी ( vātajadantanāḍī )

Alveolar sinus due to vitiated vata, acute alveolar sinus
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: roughness/dryness; minute opening; associated with pain; excessive frothy discharge which is worse at night.

वातजनाडीव्रणः ( vātajanāḍīvraṇaḥ )

Deep ulcer with fistula formation due to vitiated vāta
A sinus ulcer characterized by small, indurated opening; pain; frothy discharge; greater discharge at night; discoloured discharge.

वातजनासार्शः ( vātajanāsārśaḥ )

Nasal polyp due to vitiated vata
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: the presenting part being dry; slightly red in colour; discoloration; irregular in centre; resembling kadamba flowers; resembling the wild cotton plant; tubular-like appearance; flower bud-like appearance; point of a needlelike appearance; associated with pain.

वातजपाण्डुरोगः ( vātajapāṇḍurogaḥ )

Anaemic syndrome due to vitiated vata
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: pale black dryness of body; slight reddish discoloration of body; generalized body aches; pain; pricking pain; pain in sides of chest/flanks; headache; tremors; decreased amount of faecal matter; unpleasant taste in mouth; oedema; borborygmi with distension; loss of physical strength or weakness; blackish discoloration of eyes; covered with blackish veins; blackish discoloration of faeces; blackish disoloration of urine; blackish discoloration of nails; blackish discoloration of face; blackish discoloration of veins; slightly reddish discoloration of faeces; slightly reddish discoloration of urine; slightly reddish discoloration of nails; slightly reddish discoloration of eyes; slightly reddish discoloration of veins; dryness of faecal matter; reduced unctuousness of urine; dryness of nails; dry eyes; dryness of veins; giddiness or dizziness.

वातजप्रतिश्यायः ( vātajapratiśyāyaḥ )

Rhinitis due to vitiated vata
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: fullness or blockage of nose; feeling as if nose is filled with dust; thin watery discharge; dryness of throat; dryness of palate; dryness of lips; pricking pain in temples; excessive sneezing tendency; loss of taste in mouth; hoarseness/weakness of voice; toothache; pain in temporal region; pain in the head; feeling as if insects crawling in supraorbital area; suppurating after a long time; discharge of cold mucus; discharge of clear mucus.

वातजप्रमेहः ( vātajapramehaḥ )

Polyuria disorder due to vitiated vata

वातजमसूरिका ( vātajamasūrikā )

Lentil-shaped pox disease due to vitiated vata
Lentil-shaped eruptive disorder is characterized by blackish eruptions; slightly reddish eruptions; dry eruptions; severe pain; hard eruptions; taking a long time to suppurate; breaking/splitting pain in joints; breaking/splitting type of bone pains; breaking type of pain in small joints; cough; tremors; distress/discontent/restlessness; exhaustion without exertion; dryness of palate; dryness of lips; dryness of tongue; thirst; loss of taste.

वातजमूत्रकृच्छ्रम् ( vātajamūtrakṛcchram )

Difficulty in urination due to vitiated vatadosha
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: pain in inguinal region; pain in urinary bladder or basti region; severe penile pain; scanty micturition; frequent micturition; severe scrotal pain; pain in urinary bladder or basti; passing urine with difficulty.

वातजमूर्च्छा ( vātajamūrcchā )

Syncope due to vitiated vata
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: seeing the sky as blue before loss of consciousness; seeing the sky as black before loss of consciousness; seeing the sky as red before loss of consciousness; regaining consciousness soon afterwards; shivering/tremors; generalized body aches; pain in precordium/cardiac region; emaciation; blackish appearance; slightly reddish appearance.

वातजरक्तपित्तम् ( vātajaraktapittam )

Haemorrhage due to predominance of vata
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: blackish blood discharge; slightly reddish blood discharge; frothy blood discharge; reduced viscosity of blood discharge; reduced unctuousness of blood discharge.

वातजरोहिणी ( vātajarohiṇī )

Diphtheria due to vitiated vāta
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: dryness in throat; dryness of mouth; pain in lower jaw or chin; otalgia; soft buds around the tongue; soft tissue swelling obstructing the throat; severe pain in soft swelling; complications depending on dosha.

वातजविद्रधिः ( vātajavidradhiḥ; )

Abscess due to vitiated vāta
A type of abscess characterized by black swelling; slightly red-coloured swelling; rough oedema; excessively severe pain; varied types of onset and suppuration; thin watery discharge; less unctuous discharge; slightly reddish-coloured discharge; blackish-coloured discharge; frothy discharge; penetrating type of pain; cutting type of pain; giddiness or dizziness; borborygmi with distension; sound from swelling; pulsating sensation; spreading nature of swelling; blackish discoloration of swelling; irregular appearance.

वातजविसर्पः ( vātajavisarpaḥ )

Erysipelas, spreading cellulitis due to vitiated vāta
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: giddiness or dizziness; burning sensation of eye; thirst; pricking type of pain; severe pain; generalized body aches; cramps; tremors; fever; black-outs; cough; breaking/splitting type of bone pains; breaking/splitting pain in joints; feel of loosening in bones; loosening/dislocation of joints; shivering/tremors; loss of taste; indigestion; querulous eyes; bleeding; tingling sensation; greyish-coloured oedema; slightly reddish-coloured oedema; excessive tearing sensation; excessive stretching; excessive contracture; horripilation; excessive twitching; constitutional features as in vātaja fever; wound/ulcer formation after rupture of ripened abscess.

वातजविस्फोटकः ( vātajavisphoṭakaḥ )

Bullous eruptions due to vitiated vāta
A disorder characterized by blackish discoloration; fever; thirst; breaking type of pain in small joints; headache; severe pain.

वातजव्रणः ( vātajavraṇaḥ )

Ulcer due to vitiated vāta
An ulcer characterized by blackish discoloration; slightly reddish discoloration; thin wound; slimy; cold to touch; reduced quantity of discharge; dry; margins tending to crack/ crackling noise in ulcer; pulsating sensation; stretching; pricking pain; piercing/breaking pain; devoid of muscular tissue; hard on palpation; severe pain; colour resembling bhasma; colour resembling a pigeon; resembling mastu; colour resembling water used to wash flesh; intense pain.

वातजव्रणशोफः ( vātajavraṇaśophaḥ )

Pre-ulcerative inflammation due to vitiated vāta
A condition characterized by a black-coloured swelling; slightly reddish-coloured swelling; roughly indurated swelling; soft oedema; nonfixed/movable swelling; pricking pain; breaking pain; cutting type of pain.

वातजशूलः ( vātajaśūlaḥ )

Abdominal colic due to vitiated vāta
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: severe pain on empty stomach; severe stiffness of body; difficulty in breathing; difficulty in passing flatus; difficulty in micturition; difficulty in defecation; pain in precordial region; pain in sides of chest/flanks; pain in back; pain in sacral region; pain in urinary bladder or basti; pain occurs after digestion of food; pain during twilights; pain during cloudy weather; pain when it is cold; recurrent exacerbation of pain; recurrent remission of pain; retention of faeces; retention of flatus; pricking type of pain; breaking type of pain; pain relieved by sudation; pain relieved by oleation; pain relieved by massage/rubbing; pain relieved by unctuous food; pain relieved by hot food.

वातजशोफः ( vātajaśophaḥ )

Oedema due to vitiated vata
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: migratory oedema/shifting in nature; shiny/ thin skin; rough/dry skin; slightly reddish swelling; blackish oedema; numbness; hyperaesthesia; pain; subsiding on its own; pitting on pressure and quickly refilling; increasing in daytime; soft oedema; shifting pain; various types of pain including pricking sensation or splitting pain; dry oedema; rough hairs; contractions; pulsatile; quick increase and decrease; relieved by snigdha treatment; relieved by hot treatment; relieved by massage; less swelling at night; irritation of skin (as if smeared with mustard paste).

वातजश्लीपदः ( vātajaślīpadaḥ )

Filariasis due to vitiated vāta
Filariasis characterized by swelling which is rough to touch; black-coloured swelling; rough oedema; excessive cracks; severe pain; onset of pain without cause; frequent attacks of fever; peeling of skin.

वातजस्वरभेदः ( vātajasvarabhedaḥ )

Hoarse voice, altered voice due to vitiated vata
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: weak and feeble voice; trembling/shaky voice; hoarse voice; slow speech; indistinct voice; harsh donkey-like voice; blackish discoloration of eyes; blackish discoloration of face; blackish discoloration of urine; blackish discoloration of faeces; throat filled with barley awn; relieved by unctuous and hot measures.

वातजहृद्रोगः ( vātajahṛdrogaḥ )

Heart disease due to vitiated vāta
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: severe pain; shivering/tremors; feeling of being wrapped/cramps; rigidity/stiffness; fainting/severe confusion; feeling of hollowness; fear; severe pain; feeling of stretching; pricking pain in heart; churning pain in heart; tearing pain in heart; bursting pain in heart; splitting pain in heart; breaking type of pain in heart; depletion/dessication of heart; feeling as if heart is stiff and rigid; palpitations; sudden distress/fear; intolerant of grief; intolerant of fear; intolerant of sound; obstructed breathing; sleeplessness.

वातजार्शः ( vātajārśaḥ )

Haemorrhoids due to vitiated vata
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: borborygmi/gurgling intestinal sounds; lethargy; weakness; exhaustion; defecation of liquid faeces; defecation of faeces of cold nature; defecation of dense faeces; defecation of unctuous faeces; low back pain; undigested food matter within stools/defecation of faeces along with āma; defecation of stools in bulky amounts; defecation of mucoid stools; defecation of stool along with sound; defecation of stool with mild pain; attacks of diarrhoea occurring every fortnight month; ten days; attacks of diarrhoea occurring daily; condition worsening during the daytime; condition subsiding at night; inability to diagnose; inability to diagnose; persistent/longstanding.

वातजोन्मादः ( vātajonmādaḥ )

Psychosis due to vitiated vata
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: severe restlessness; flickering of eyes; flickering of eyebrows; sudden movements of lips; movements of shoulders; sudden movements of jaws; sudden movements of hands; sudden movements of legs; continuous voice; intermittent voice; frothing from mouth; smiling at inappropriate places; laughing at inappropriate places; dancing at inappropriate places; singing at inappropriate places; playing music organs; no rhythmic following music; acting as if going on vehicle; acting as if wearing ornaments; severe jealousy; emaciation; roughness/dryness; protrusion of eyes; slightly reddish brown eyes; Incoherent speech at inappropriate places; irrelevant movements of the limbs; weeping at inappropriate places; slight reddish complexion of the body; provocation of the symptom after the food has been digested; lustreless appearance; harsh voice; prominent veins; wants cold; pulsatile/vibrating body; vibrating joints; wandering with shaking; roams around; crying at inappropriate place; mimics sound of flute; mimics sound of lute; travels/roams a lot; speaks a lot; desires for food; abuses after obtaining food; speaks in appropriate places;

वातज्वरः ( vātajvaraḥ )

Fever due to vitiated vata
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: unusual/irregular type of onset; unusual/ irregular type of remission/settling of fever; temperature difference between body parts; variations in severity of fever; onset of fever at the end of digestion; onset of fever in the evening; onset of fever in the early morning; onset of fever at the end of summer; rise in fever at the end of digestion; rise in fever in the evening; rise in fever in the early morning; rise in fever at the end of summer; rough nails; rough eyes; rough face/mouth; rough urine; rough faeces; rough skin; dark red-coloured nails; dark red-coloured eyes; dark red-coloured face; dark red-coloured urine; dark red-coloured faeces; dark red-coloured skin; severe cracking of nails; severe expanding sensation in eyes; severe expanding/cracking sensation in mouth; severe suppression of micturition; severe suppression of defecation; severe cracking of skin; various types of. pain in body parts; numbness in feet; claudication/cramp in the calf muscles; looseness in knee joints; looseness in joints; fatigue in thighs; breaking type of pain in lower back; breaking type of pain in flanks; breaking type of pain in back; breaking type of pain in shoulders; breaking type of pain in arms; breaking type of pain in shoulderblade; breaking type of pain in chest; cutting type of pain in lower back; cutting type of pain in flanks; cutting type of pain in back; cutting type of pain in shoulders; cutting type of pain in arms; cutting type of pain in shoulderblades; cutting type of pain in chest; crushing feeling in the lower back; crushing feeling in the flanks; crushing feeling in the back; crushing feeling in the shoulders; crushing feeling in the arms; crushing feeling in the shoulderblade; crushing feeling in the chest; churning feeling in the lower back; churning feeling in the flanks; churning feeling in the back; churning feeling in the shoulders; churning feeling in the arms; churning feeling in the shoulderblade; churning feeling in the chest; broken feeling in the lower back; broken feeling in the flanks; broken feeling in the back; broken feeling in the shoulders; broken feeling in the arms; broken feeling in the shoulderblade; broken feeling in the chest; splitting type of pain in lower back; splitting type of pain in sides of chest; splitting type of pain in back; splitting type of pain in shoulders; splitting type of pain in arms; splitting type of pain in shoulderblades; splitting type of pain in chest; constricting feeling in the lower back; constricting feeling in the sides of chest; constricting feeling in the back; constricting feeling in the shoulders; constricting feeling in the arms; constricting feeling in the shoulderblades; constricting feeling in the chest; jaw not able to perform its action/ immovable jaw; sound in the ear/tinnitus; sharp shooting pain in temporal region of head; astringent taste in the mouth; loss of taste of mouth/unability for perceive taste; dryness of mouth; dryness of palate; dry throat; thirst; stiffness of cardiac region; dry vomiting/nausea; dry cough; suppression of sneezing; suppression of eructations; stagnation of primary product of digestion; excessive salivation; loss of taste; indigestion; depression; yawning; flexion/bending of body; shivering/tremors; exhaustion/fatigue; giddiness or dizziness; excessive talking/irrelevant speech/incoherent speech; sleeplessness; horripilation; sensitive teeth/dental hyperaesthesia; lack of warmth; irregular course of fever; dryness of lips; insomnia; sneezing; stiffness of body parts; dryness of body; headache; precordial pain/cardiac pain; body aches; hard stools; retained stool/constipation; abdominal distension; colicky pain in abdomen; unusual irritation; unusually mild behaviour; unusual pain; rigidity of legs/feet; stiffness of lower back; grinding pain in back; squeezing type of pain in abdomen; piercing type of pain especially in the sides of chest as if pierced by bone; as if beaten by whip on chest; churning type of pain in shoulders; breaking type of pain in arms; squeezing type of pain in shoulder/scapula; inability to eat; suppression of faeces; dryness of skin; dryness of mouth; dryness of eyes; dryness of nails; dryness of urine; dryness of faeces; slightly reddishcoloured skin; slightly reddish-coloured face; slightly reddishcoloured skin; slightly reddish-coloured nails; slightly reddishcoloured urine; slightly reddish-coloured faeces; aversion to food; anhidrosis/lack of sweating; thirst; horripilation; lack of warmth.

वातदुष्टरक्तः ( vātaduṣṭaraktaḥ )

Condition of improper repair of punctured ear causing vatavitiated blood
A condition characterized by loss of skin.

वातनिग्रहज-उदावर्तः ( vātanigrahaja-udāvartaḥ )

Disorders of reversed or altered visceral movement due to suppression of vata
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: abdominal distension; colicky pain in abdomen; feeling of obstruction in precordial region/ impairment of cardiac activity/bradycardia; headache; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; hiccups; cough; cold catarrh; choking sensation in throat; expulsion of faeces through mouth; retention of vata/flatus; obstruction to passage of urine/retention; obstruction/retention in passage of faeces; exhaustion without exertion; pain; various other abdominal diseases or vātika.

वातपर्यायः ( vātaparyāyaḥ )

Ocular pain
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: pain sometimes affecting both eyelids; sometimes pain in eyes; sometimes pain in eyebrows; distortion of eyes or vision; depressed eyeball; repeated attacks in eyebrows and eyes; severe pain.

वातपित्तजज्वरः ( vātapittajajvaraḥ )

Fever due to vitiated vāta and pitta
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: headache; breaking type of pain in small joints; burning sensation; horripilation; dryness in throat; dryness in the mouth; vomiting; thirst; syncope or swooning; giddiness or dizziness; loss of taste; insomnia; excessive talking; yawning; confusion/delirium; distress/discontent/ restlessness; sleeplessness; rigidity/stiffness; a feeling of darkness.

वातपित्ततृतीयकज्वरः ( vātapittatṛtīyakajvaraḥ )

Intermittent fever recurring every third day due to predominance of vata and pitta
A disorder characterized by stiffness of head/headache.

वातपित्तप्रकृतिः ( vātapittaprakṛtiḥ )

Body constitution with a predominance of vata and pitta
A body constitution with predominantly mixed features of vata and pitta.

वातपैत्तिकशूलः ( vātapaittikaśūlaḥ )

Abdominal colic due to vitiated vāta and pitta predominance

वातप्रकृतिः ( vātaprakṛtiḥ )

Body constitution with a predominance of vata
The characters of a vata-predominant person are greatly influenced by its qualities: dryness, lightness, perpetually moving, expanding, proliferating, quick, cold, roughness and fragility. Accordingly, the person will have inherent characteristics such as thinness, light weight and build, with prominent tendons and veins; unstable/highly flexible joints; rough hair, nails, teeth, face, hands and legs; fragile (easily breaking/cracking/splitting) body structures (skin/bones/hair/ lips/heels); hypersensitivity to cold (shivering/stiffness), intolerance of cold; with an unclear, unpleasant, feeble, stammering, broken and hoarse voice; an unsteady gaze, always restless body parts (eyebrows, jaws, lips, tongue, head, shoulder and legs); a cracking sound from joints on movement; sleeps less, and is easily awakened or stays awake; talkative; quick to act (fast gait, eating, speech); has swift and often hasty initiation of actions; is easily agitated, intolerant, subordinated or frightened; is quick to comprehend but less memory; and rapidly becomes fond as well as disenchanted.

वातप्रकोपः/ वातवृद्धिलक्षणम् ( vātaprakopaḥ/ vātavṛddhilakṣaṇam )

Aggravation of vata
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: dislocation/prolapse; expansion/dilatation; obstruction/adherence; breaking type of pain; bodily exhaustion or tiredness; horripilation/bristling; dryness of mouth/thirst; tremors/trembling/shaking; contrary or circular movement of vata; pulsation; pricking pain; uneasiness/ agitation/feeling of discomfort; abnormal movements; roughness of body; conspicuousness/clarity/perceptibility; porousness/hollowness; slight reddish complexion of body; astringent taste in mouth; loss of taste/unpleasant taste in mouth; dryness/wasting/emaciation; sharp type of pain; numbness/drowsiness; contractions of body parts; stiffness/ rigidity and limping.

वातप्रसरणम् ( vātaprasaraṇam )

Spreading of vata
A disorder characterized by abnormal movements of air; gurgling intestinal sounds or borborygmi.

वातबलासकज्वरः ( vātabalāsakajvaraḥ )

Persistent low-grade fever due to vitiated vata and kapha
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: constant low-grade fever; dryness; oedema; exhaustion or tiredness of body; rigidity of body; predominance of kapha.

वातबस्तिः ( vātabastiḥ )

Bladder neck obstruction with retention of urine
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: obstruction to passage of urine/retention; pain; itching; pain in abdomen/flanks; pain in urinary bladder or basti.

वातरक्तम् ( vātaraktam )

Polyarthritis due to vitiated vata and blood
A disorder characterized by pain in small joints of the foot, gradually spreading to upper portions of the body; causing itching, pain, numbness in all joints of the hands and feet.

वातवहा ( Vātavahā )

Vein carrying vata

वातशूलव्यापत् ( vātaśūlavyāpat )

Condition of vitiated vata pain due to faulty emetic therapy
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: pain in sides of chest/flanks; pain in back; pain in pelvis; neck pain; pain in marma regions; syncope or swooning; giddiness or dizziness; intoxication; loss of sensory perception.

वातसञ्चयः ( vātasañcayaḥ )

Accumulation of vata
A disorder characterized by impaired movements of vata in the gastrointestinal tract, reduced gastrointestinal motility; stagnated bowel movements; abdominal fullness.

वातातपिकरसायनम् ( vātātapikarasāyanam )

Rejuvenation therapy with exposure to wind and sunlight
Rejuvenation therapy administered while the person continues to follow their normal avocations.

वाताभिष्यन्दः ( vātābhiṣyandaḥ )

Conjunctivitis due to vitiated vata, subacute catarrhal conjunctivitis
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a pricking sensation in the eyes; inability to move eyes; horripilation; sensation of a foreign body; roughness of eyes; burning sensation in head; dryness of eyes; cold tears; fullness of nose; less swelling; pain in temporal region; pricking type of pain in eyes; pain in region of eyebrows; pain in forehead; pulsation in temples; flickering of eyelids; flickering of eyebrows; pulsation of forehead; splitting pain in temples; splitting pain in eyes; splitting pain in eyebrows; splitting pain in forehead; dry rheum; reduced secretion of rheum; secretion of clear tears; shifting pain; difficulty in opening and closing; formication; eyes appear swollen; feeling as if being spread with tiny arrows; relief from use of hot and unctuous substances.

वाताशयः ( vātāśayaḥ )

Receptacle for vāta
The most prominent site of vāta, mainly the large intestine.

वाताष्ठीला ( vātāṣṭhīlā )

Benign prostatic hyperplasia
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: distension of urinary bladder; distension in the rectum; obstruction to passage of urine; obstruction to passage of faeces; severe pain; obstruction to passage of flatus; urine and faecal matter; stony-hard globular swelling/ gland below navel; upwardly extended prominent gland in navel.

वाताष्ठीला ( vātāṣṭhīlā )

Globular swelling near the urinary bladder resembling benign prostatic enlargement
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: distension of urinary bladder; distension in the rectum; obstruction to passage of urine; obstruction in passage of faeces; severe pain; obstruction to passage of flatus; urine and faecal matter; stony hard globular swelling/ gland below navel; upwardly extended prominent gland in navel.

वाताहत-वर्त्म ( vātāhata-vartma )

Lagophthalmos
A disorder characterized by the palpebral fissure remaining open; loss of mobility of lids; nonclosing of eyelids; eyes remaining closed; painful or painless.

वातिक-अम्लपित्तम् ( vātika-amlapittam )

Type of hyperacidity due to vitiated vata
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: tremors; excessive talking/irrelevant speech/ incoherent speech; syncope or swooning; tingling sensation; bodily exhaustion or tiredness; colicky pain in abdomen; feeling of transient black-outs; dizziness/confusion;/ infatuation; horripilation.

वातिक-असृग्दरः ( vātika-asṛgdaraḥ )

Dysfunctional uterine A gynaecological disorder characterized by painful frothy bleeding due to vitiated menses; painful scanty; painful dry; painful blackish; painful vata reddish-brown; painful reddish resembling palasha flower water; frothy but without pain; scanty but without pain; dry but without pain; blackish but without pain; reddish-brown but without pain; reddish resembling palasha flower water but without pain; severe back pain; severe groin pain; pain in cardiac region; pain in sides of chest/flanks; pain in back; severe pain in pelvis; scanty menstrual flow; discharge associated with vāta types of pain; discharge resembling meat washings.

वातिक-आमवातः ( vātika-āmavātaḥ )

Vata-predominent polyarthritis due to ama
A disorder characterized by severe pain.

वातिक-लिङ्गनाशः ( vātika-liṅganāśaḥ )

Mature cataract due to vitiated vata
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: the mandala appearing reddish; mandala becoming unstable; irregular manḍala; unclear vision as if through dust and smoke; clear reddish discoloration of dṛṣṭi; enlarged pupil; small-sized pupil; loss of vision.

वातिकज्वरपूर्वरूपम् ( Vātikajvarapūrvarūpam; )

Prodromal symptoms of fever due to vitiated vata
A disorder characterized by yawning as presenting complaint.

वातिकपरिणामशूलः ( vatavātikapariṇāmaśūlaḥ )

Abdominal colic occurring during digestion of food due to vitiated vata

वातिकयोनिकन्दः ( vātikayonikandaḥ )

Round-shaped abscess in vagina due to vitiated vata
A gynaecological disorder characterized by a dry swelling in the external female genital organs; discoloured swelling in external genital organs; cracked swelling in external genital organs.

वातिकरक्तदुष्टिः ( vātikaraktaduṣṭiḥ )

Blood vitiated by vata
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: slightly red-coloured blood; clear blood; frothy blood; thin/dilute blood or reduced in quantity; black-coloured blood; blood with less viscocity; fast-flowing blood; noncoagulating blood; dark, brown-coloured blood; clear blood; blood with less unctuousness; blood with an astringent taste; blood with a metallic smell; blood with speedy oozing; blood at subnormal temperature.

वातिकषण्डः ( vātikaṣaṇḍaḥ )

Anorchidism
Structural damage to the testes in intrauterine life owing to vitiated vāyu and agni.

वादः ( vādaḥ )

Doctrine
A statement which aims to establish authoritative knowledge based on affirmation or refutation of its evidence; in general Sanskrit literature it means a debate/thesis/ proposition/ argument.

वादमार्गः ( vādamārgaḥ )

Rules for debate
Technical rules for an argument or debate.

वानस्पत्य ( vānaspatya )

Plant bearing flowers and fruits
A plant which bears visible flowers and fruits such as Mangifera indica (amra) or Syzyigium cumini (jambu).

वानस्पत्यकायः ( vānaspatyakāyaḥ )

Person with lazy, unintelligent temperament
The characteristics of the person with a lazy, unintelligent temperament are a preference for being sedentary, an excess craving for food, a lack of feeling for tranquillity, soft deeds, no inclination for righteous or religious activities, a lack of passions and no desire for wealth.

वाप्यम् ( vāpyam )

Step well water
A type of water obtained from step wells.

वामकधूमपानम् ( vāmakadhūmapānam )

Medicated smoking with emetic effect
The procedure of medicated smoking to remove morbid dosha through the oral cavity.

वायव्यरोगः ( vāyavyarogaḥ )

Diseases caused by vata
A disease caused by vitiation of vata in the body such as arthritis, sciatica or paralysis.

वायसतुण्डसन्धिः ( vāyasatuṇḍasandhiḥ )

Condyloid joint

वायुः ( vāyuḥ )

Air element
Responsible for movement, acts as the substratum of touch perceived by skin.

वायुमार्गः, अनिलायनम् ( vāyumārgaḥ, anilāyanam )

Respiratory passages

वारणम् ( vāraṇam )

Rebuffing of disease
The process by which a disease is warded off or deflected. Synonym of treatment.

वारुणकायः ( vāruṇakāyaḥ )

Person with brave, patient temperament
The characteristics of the person with a brave, patient temperament is a liking for the cold, tolerance, reddish-brown hair and pleasant discourse.

वार्धक्यजन्यराजयक्ष्मा/जराशोषः ( vārdhakyajanyarājayakṣmā/ jarāśoṣaḥ )

Consumption due to old age
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: emaciation/thinness/malnourishment; little virility/energy; mental dullness/stupidity; reduced physical strength; decreased ability of sense organs; tremors; loss of taste/afflicted with loss of taste; voice resembling the sound produced by a crackled bell or metal pot; minimal phlegm; afflicted with heaviness; watery discharge from the mouth; watery discharge from the nose; watery discharge from the eyes; dull appearance; passage of dry faeces; severe distress/discontent/restlessness.

वार्धक्यम् ( vārdhakyam )

Senility
The characteristics of this state are: diminution of structural components on a day-by-day basis; diminished perceptiveness of sense organs; diminished physical strength; diminished potency or semen; diminished energy; wrinkles; greying of hair; baldness; cough; breathlessness or difficulty breathing; inability to perform the full range of activities; diminished digestive, metabolic capacity; aggravated vata; loss of distinction of a particular structural component; loosened muscles, joints and bones; hardness or roughness of skin; body curvature; shivering or trembling; excessive nasal discharge or drooling.

वालुकायन्त्रम् ( vālukāyantram )

Sand bath

वासनम् ( vāsanam )

Infusing or perfuming
A type of food processing which involves transferring properties by keeping food items in contact with another substance.

विकर्षणकर्म ( vikarṣaṇakarma )

Holding and extraction
A procedure by which an impacted foreign body is held manually or by other extractive means such as vacuum or magnetic extraction.

विकल्पनम् ( vikalpanam )

Optional instructions
A statement that allows several discretionary options.

विकल्पसम्प्राप्तिः ( vikalpasamprāptiḥ )

Fraction-specific pathogenesis
Pathogenesis subclassification based on which one or fraction of the three dosha predominates.

विकारः ( vikāraḥ )

Disorder
A disorder refers to a set of dysfunctions in any body system which is evaluated from associated signs, symptoms or findings. Each disorder may be defined by its symptomology, etiological explanation, course and outcome, treatment response or linkage to interacting environmental factors.

विकाशी ( vikāśī )

Substance damaging tissue and loosening joints
Example: deleterious effects of chewing Areca catechu L. .

विकृतिः ( vikṛtiḥ )

Abnormal state
Not typical, usual or regular; differing in any way from the normal state, structure or condition.

विकृतिविषमसमवेतसन्निपातजरोगः ( vikṛtiviṣamasamavetasannipātajarogaḥ )

Disease symptoms in discord with dosha
A disease or condition due to coexistence of aggravated three dosha , in which dosha dominance cannot be understood based on symptoms.

विगृह्यसंभाषा ( vigṛhyasaṃbhāṣā )

Unproductive, hostile debate

विचर्चिका ( vicarcikā )

Skin disease with excessive exudation
A skin disease characterized by itching; papules/eruptions; blackish discoloration; excessive/copious discharge; excessive watery discharge.

विचारः ( vicāraḥ )

Reasoning
The application of reason in critical analysis.

विचित्रप्रत्ययारब्धद्रव्यः ( vicitrapratyayārabdh adravyaḥ )

Substance with properties inconsistent with the five basic elements in its composition
Substance with properties inconsistent with the five basic elements in its composition as deducted from its perceivable attributes such as taste and qualities. Although barley and wheat possess the properties of sweetness and heaviness (which ideally should alleviate vata), wheat alleviates vata while barley aggravates it. In this instance, barley is an example of a substance with properties inconsistent with the five basic elements in its composition

विज्ञानम् ( vijñānam )

Applied knowledge
Skill in the practical application of knowledge.

विटपः (मर्म) ( viṭapaḥ (marma) )

Vulnerable location(s) in the groin
Two in number which when injured leads to reduced fertility.

विडलवणम् ( viḍalavaṇam )

Artificially made salt

विड् -विघातः ( viḍ-vighātaḥ )

Passage of urine mixed with faecal matter
A disorder characterized by passage of urine smelling of faeces; difficult micturition.

वितण्डा ( vitaṇḍā )

Hostile debate, offensive argument
A debate in which no counter-thesis is affirmed, and views are refuted without objective examination.

वितस्तिः ( vitastiḥ )

Distance between extended tips of thumb and little finger
Measure of length equal to the distance between the tip of thumb and the tip of little finger spread out: approximately 9 inches or 22.86 cm, equivalent to 12 angula (23.4 cm).

वितानबन्धः ( vitānabandhaḥ )

Cephalic bandage
A type of bandage applied over the scalp or head region.

विदग्धाजीर्णम्/ पित्तजाजीर्णम् ( vidagdhājīrṇam/ pittajājīrṇam )

Indigestion due to putrefaction of gastric juices
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: incomplete digestion; acid reflux; thirst; confusion/delirium; giddiness or dizziness; sour belching/ eructations; burning sensations; syncope or swooning; various other disorders; smoky and acidic eructations; perspiration.

विदग्धाम्लम् ( vidagdhāmlam )

Eye disorder due to over-consumption of sour foods
A disorder characterized by moistening/soddening; itching; dirtiness.

विदारिका ( vidārikā )

Abscess resembling Puraria tuberosa rhizome
A disorder characterized by a round papule resembling a tuber or vidārī; circular lesion resembling vidārikanda in axilla; circular lesion resembling vidārikanda in groin.

विदारिका-प्रमेहपिडका ( vidārikā-pramehapiḍakā )

Carbuncle
A disorder characterized by a hard boil similar to the tuber Pueraria tuberosa or vidārīkanda.

विदारी ( vidārī )

Neoplasm of pharynx
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: burning sensation inside the throat; needling pain; swelling; inflammation with putrified flesh; putrefied swelling inside the throat; person sleeping mostly on one side; copper-coloured swelling.

विदाही ( vidāhī )

Substance producing belching, thirst, burning sensation and difficult to digest

विद्धः ( viddhaḥ )

Penetrating or puncturing deep injury
A disorder characterized by a foreign body which may remain either protruding or have exited through the wound.

विद्या ( vidyā )

Knowledge, discipline
Systematized knowledge, learning or science.

विद्युदशनिकृतरोगः ( vidyudaśanikṛtarogaḥ )

Disorders caused by natural disasters
Diseases and conditions subsequent to natural disasters such as thunder, lightning, asteroid impacts and meteor showers on the terrestrial surface.

विद्रधिः ( vidradhiḥ )

Abscess
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a deep-seated swelling which is broad-based; painful and round or else elongated, located in the bones and affecting skin; blood; muscles and fat; with the gradual production of excessively severe inflammatory swelling due to vitiated dosha. Generally, the condition advances to an open ulcer.

विद्रधिका/ विद्रधि-प्रमेहपिडका ( vidradhikā/ vidradhipramehapiḍakā )

Carbuncle with symptoms including abscess

विद्रधिशूकरोगः ( vidradhiśūkarogaḥ )

Penile abscess

विद्रुमम् ( Duly processed vidruma is employed as a stand-alone medicine vidrumam or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations. )

Coral

विधानम् ( vidhānam )

Sequential narration or enumeration
The narration of a topic in the correct logical sequence.

विधिः ( vidhiḥ )

Mandatory injunction
An instruction or procedure stipulated in a text.

विधिसम्प्राप्तिः ( vidhisamprāptiḥ )

Classification-based pathogenesis
Pathogenesis subclassification based on various prognostic aspects such as whether a disease or condition can be classified as easily curable, incurable or difficult to cure.

विधुरा (मर्म) ( vidhurā (marma) )

Vulnerable location(s) in the depression behind the ear
Two in number (one on each side) which when injured leads to loss of hearing.

विनता-प्रमेहपिडका ( vinatā-pramehapiḍakā )

Carbuncle characterized by large size and blue-coloured lesion
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a blue-coloured boil; deep-rooted on back; deep-rooted on abdomen; painful eruption; moistening/ soddening eruption; large vesicular swelling.

विनमनकर्म ( vinamanakarma )

Depression
A therapeutic measure in which elevated parts are pressed downwards.

विनयः ( vinayaḥ )

Humility
A term that expresses proper conduct, decency, modesty or mildness.

विपक्षः ( vipakṣaḥ )

Context in which a cause-and-effect relationship is negated
Figuratively, an adversarial context or environment.

विपरीतार्थकारी ( viparītārthakārī )

Treatment with interventions known to be cause of disease

विपर्ययः ( viparyayaḥ )

Implying the opposite meaning
A statement whose meaning suggests the opposite of its ostensible expression.

विपाकः ( vipākaḥ )

Post digestive state
Taste of a substance after undergoing complete digestion and transformation. There are three types: sweet, sour and astringent.

विपादिका ( vipādikā )

Cracks in palms and soles
A skin disease characterized by cracks in the skin of hands and feet; severe pain; less itching; redness/congestion; associated with eruptions.

विप्रकृष्टहेतुः ( viprakṛṣṭahetuḥ )

Distant etiological factor
A distant or indirect causative factor which is less influential in giving rise to a disease or condition.

विबन्धः ( vibandhaḥ )

Multi-tailed bandage
A type of bandage used in regions such as the back, abdomen, and chest.

विबन्धव्यापत् ( vibandhavyāpat )

Condition of constipation due to faulty purgative therapy
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: obstruction of flatus; obstruction to passage of urine/retention; obstruction/retention of faeces; gurgling intestinal sounds/borborygmi; burning sensation; fever; severe pain.

विभागः ( vibhāgaḥ )

Division
The quality of being able to divide or subdivide a particular substance.

विभु ( vibhu )

Omnipresent
Being everywhere, all pervading, an attribute of atma.

विभ्रंश:-वमनव्यापत् ( vibraṃśaḥ-vamanavyāpat )

Condition of rectal prolapse or mental perversion due to faulty emetic therapy

विभ्रंशविरेचनव्यापत् ( vibhramśavirecanavyāpat )

Condition of rectal prolapse due to faulty purgative therapy
A condition characterized by severe itching..

विमलम् ( vimalam )

Iron pyrite
Ferrous disulfide (FeS2). In calcinated form vimalam is used as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral formulations.

विमार्गगमनम् ( vimārgagamanam )

Body channel dysfunction involving displacement of contents
Diversion to the flow of the contents and movement in the wrong body channels.

विम्लापनकर्म ( vimlāpanakarma )

Gentle massage for management of pre-ulcerative inflammation
A localized, gentle massage carried out using bamboo reeds, palms or the thumb to resolve inflammation.

विम्लापनकर्म (व्रणचिकित्सा) ( vimlāpanakarma (vraṇacikitsā) )

Gentle therapeutic massage for wound management
Therapeutic application of a gentle massage.

विरिक्तस्य नस्य व्यापदः ( viriktasya nasya vyāpadaḥ )

Condition due to inhalation therapy administered to person who has taken purgation therapy
A condition characterized by affliction of the sense organs.

विरुद्धान्नभोजनम् / विरुद्धाहारः ( viruddhānnabhojanam/ viruddhāhāraḥ )

Disorder due to intake of incompatible foods
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: impotence; blindness; spreading cellulitis/ erysipelas; signs of dakodara; blisters; insanity; anal fistula; syncope or swooning; insanity; abdominal distension; choking sensation in throat; clinical features of pāṇḍu; āmaviśa; kilāsaḥ; skin disease; grahaṇī dosha; oedema; amlapitta; fever; cold catarrh; congenital anamolies in offsprings; death.

विरुद्धाहारः/ विरुद्धान्नम् ( viruddhāhāraḥ, viruddhānnam )

Incompatible foods
Types of food which should not be eaten together, examples of incompatible combinations include examples of incompatible combinations include milk and salt, milk and fish, honey and ghee in equal amounts.

विरूढधानाः, विरूढाढकः ( virūḍhadhānāḥ, virūḍhadhakaḥ )

Sprouted grains
Varieties of sprouted grains such as green gram or chickpea.

विरे कम् (विषोपक्रमः) ( virekam (viṣopakramaḥ) )

Purgation for detoxification
Therapeutic induction of purgation for removal of poison.

विरे चनकर्म ( virecanakarma )

Removal of foreign body by purgation
The removal of a loosely impacted foreign body by purgation.

विरे चनकर्म ( virecanakarma )

Therapeutic purgation
A therapeutic process for the controlled induction of purgation along with a series of pre- and postintervention measures.

विरे चनकर्म (व्रणचिकित्सा) ( virecanakarma (vraṇacikitsā) )

Therapeutic purgation Therapeutic induction of purgation for wound management. for wound management

विरे चनधूमपानम्/ वैरेचनिकधूमपानम् ( virecanadhūmapānam/ vairecanikadhūmapānam )

Medicated smoking with expulsive effect
The procedure of medicated smoking to remove morbid dosha through the nasal cavity.

विरेचन-कर्म, रेचनकर्म ( virecana-karma, recana-karma )

Therapeutic purgation
A therapeutic purgation to eliminate vitiated dosha which are drawn to the stomach by preparatory panchakarma procedures.

विरेचनकर्म-चिकित्सापचारः ( virecanakarmacikitsāpacāraḥ )

Condition due to improper purgation therapy

विरेचनव्यापत् ( virecanavyāpat )

Condition of improper administration of purgative therapy

विरेचनातियोगः ( virecanātiyogaḥ )

Signs of excessive administration of purgation therapy

विरेचनायोगः ( virecanāyogaḥ )

Condition of insufficient purgation

विलंघितदुर्बलेन्द्रियाल्पाग् निनिरूढ-विरेचनव्यापत् ( vilaṃghitadurbalendriyālpāgnini )

Condition caused by purgation therapy administered to person who is fasting

विलेपी ( vilepī )

Thick rice gruel
A rice gruel preparation which contains a greater solid than liquid portion; it is prepared by adding 4 parts water to one part broken rice and boiling until the rice becomes soft.

विवरणकर्म ( vivaraṇakarma )

Dilatation
A procedure to widen a tract or orifice for diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes.

विवर्णरे तोदोषः ( vivarṇaretodoṣaḥ )

Discoloured semen
Semen disorder characterized by its abnormal colour.

विवर्तनकर्म ( vivartanakarma )

Twisting movement
A special type of twisting movement required to disimpact or extract a foreign body.

विवर्तित-सन्धिमुक्तम् ( vivartita-sandhimuktam )

Dislocation with lateral displacement
A lateral dislocation of a joint characterized by lateral displacement of the joint; deformity; pain.

विवाहसंस्कारः ( vivāhasaMskāra )

Marriage ceremony
A ceremony marking the beginning of married life.

विवृतदन्तः ( vivṛtadantaḥ )

A kind of abnormal dentition
An abnormal type of dentition presenting as an outward protrusion of teeth with malocclusion and incomplete closure of lips.

विवृता ( vivṛtā )

Papules resembling a ripe fig
A disorder characterized by lesion resembling a ripe fig fruit; intense burning sensation; lesion with wide opening; roundshaped; fever.

विवेकः ( vivekaḥ )

Discrimination
The ability to distinguish and classify things according to their absolute properties.

विंशतिशस्त्राणि ( viṃśatiśastrāṇi )

Twenty sharp surgical instruments
The 20 sharp instruments used in surgical procedures.

विशदः ( viśadaḥ )

Conspicuous-ness, leanness, shininess
The quality of a substance which is responsible for purging and keeping tissues free of vitiated substances.

विशल्यघ्नमर्म ( viśalyaghnamarma )

Vulnerable location(s) where manipulation entails death
Marma which if injured by a foreign body may lead to death if it is removed: the person remains alive if the foreign body is left in situ.

विशिखानुप्रवेशः ( viśikhānupraveśaḥ )

Formal entry into medical profession
Formal entry into the medical profession after completion of education and training.

विशुष्कशुक्रम् ( viśuṣkaśukram )

Scanty semen
A decreased volume of semen.

विशेषपूर्वरूपम् ( viśeṣapūrvarūpam )

Specific prodrome
A specific symptom pertaining to a particular dosha. The term also denotes those premonitory symptoms which indicate the onset of a particular disease or clinical condition.

विशेषम् ( viśeṣam )

Particularity, distinct feature
The unique individuality of the substances. An attribute that causes depletion or decrease (hrasahetu), as well as diversity and dissimilarity (pṛthaktva).

विश्लिष्ट-सन्धिमुक्तम् ( viśliṣṭa-sandhimuktam )

Subluxation or incomplete dislocation
A derangement or incomplete dislocation of joints characterized by mild swelling; persistent pain; derangement of the joints.

विश्वाची ( viśvācī )

Brachial neuralgia
A disorder characterized by loss of upper extremity functioning.

विषः ( viṣaḥ )

Poisoning

विष-अधिष्ठानम् ( viṣa-adhiṣṭhānam )

Substratum of poison
The various sites at which poisons are located in animals or plants.

विषकन्या ( viṣakanyā )

Poisonous lady
A young woman habituated to ingesting small amounts of food mixed with powerful poisons thereby rendering them toxic: anybody encountering these women can die instantly.

विषगरवैरोधिकचिकित्सा ( viṣagaravairodhikacikitsā )

Management of poison
The practices adopted to deal with various poisons and their immediate and delayed effects.

विषघ्नम् (व्रणचिकित्सा) ( viṣaghnam (vraṇacikitsā) )

Neutralization of poisons
Therapeutic neutralization of wounds due to poisons of all kinds.

विषघ्नलेपः ( viṣaghnalepaḥ )

External application of antipoisonpaste
A type of ointment or lepa with an antipoisonous effect.

विषचिकित्सा, गरचिकित्सा ( viṣacikitsā, garacikitsā )

Toxicology
The clinical speciality of Ayurveda dealing with the treatment of poisoning .

विषजमूर्च्छा ( viṣajamūrcchā )

Syncope due to poison
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: shivering/tremors; sleepiness; thirst; blackouts; specific to the respective poisons concerned.

विषजशोफः ( viṣajaśophaḥ )

Oedema due to poison
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: oedema in the dependent parts; migratory oedema/shifting in nature; burning sensation; soft oedema; painful; oedema developing rapidly.

विषजोन्मादः ( viṣajonmādaḥ )

Psychosis due to poison
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: bloodshot eyes; loss of strength; loss of sensory and motor organ functioning; loss of lustre; withered appearance; blackish discoloration of face; loss of lustre/ charm; loss of strength; loss of functioning of sensory and motor organs; confusional state.

विषप्रदाता ( viṣapradātā )

Poisoner
The person who poisons.

विषमज्वरः ( viṣamajvaraḥ )

Intermittent fever, fever with no fixed course or pattern
A disorder characterized by initiation of a feeling of hotness, temperature at specific body parts such as head or feet; varied temperature, e.g. high temperature alternating with profuse sweating and coldness; intermittent pattern of temperature spike.

विषमाग्निः ( viṣamāgniḥ )

Irregular digestive, metabolic factors
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: ability to digest properly at times proper digestion of food of varied quantity and improper digestion in spite of proper quantity of food; abdominal distension; colicky pain in abdomen; upward movement of gases with retention of stool and urine; diarrhoea; heaviness in the abdomen; borborygmi/gurgling intestinal sounds; straining at defecation.

विषमाग्निः ( viṣamāgniḥ )

Irregular state of digestive, metabolic factors
A state in which the action of transformative factor is rendered erratic (either excessive, diminished or fluctuating) due to the dominant influence of vata.

विषमाशनजराजयक्ष्मा ( viṣamāśanajarājayakṣmā )

Consumption due to untimely food habit
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: cold catarrh; excessive salivation; cough; vomiting; loss of taste; fever; burning sensation in the shoulders/scapula; haemoptysis; pain in sides of chest/flanks; headache; altered voice; colicky pain in abdomen; generalized body aches; ruined/broken voice; crushing type of pain in shoulders; diarrhoea; burning sensation inside the body; heaviness of head; traumatic chest/pulmonary trauma; weakness.

विषमाशनम् ( viṣamāśanam )

Unsuitable timing and amount of food intake
Food items that are antagonistic to the structural components; food items which partially agitate dosha without eliminating it and eventually become antagonistic to the structural components.

विषम् ( viṣam )

Poison, toxin
Any harmful or deadly substance which spreads rapidly and damages the body.

विषयोनिः ( viṣayoniḥ )

Source of poison
A poison source may be plant, mineral or animal in nature.

विषवेगान्तरः ( viṣavegāntaraḥ )

Intervening period during spread of poison
The interval taken by a poison to penetrate from one membrane (kala) to another (transition period when a poison spreads from one tissue to another).

विषसङ्कटम् ( viṣasaṅkaṭam )

Critical or fatal poisoning
A fatal condition in poisoning when various deleterious factors combine during a specific period.

विषहर-अगदः ( viṣahara-agadaḥ )

Antidote
A medication with an antipoison effect which is beneficial in poisoning

विषोपक्रमः ( viṣopakramaḥ )

Management of poisoning
Various treatments for poisoning.

विष्टब्धाजीर्णम्, वातजाजीर्णम् ( viṣṭabdhājīrṇam, vātajājīrṇam )

Indigestion due to vata
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: severe needling type of pain; severe colicky pain; obstructed flatus; reverse movements of vata due to obstruction; constipation; abdominal distension; bodily exhaustion or tiredness; various other vata disorders; non passing of the flatus; rigidity,stiffness; confusion,delirium; body aches.

विष्यन्दः ( viṣyandaḥ )

Substance liquefying and causing oozing of body fluids

विसर्जिनी ( visarjini̅ )

Inferior rectal fold
One of the transverse folds of the rectum or plicae recti.

विसर्पः ( visarpaḥ )

Dermatological condition with very fast spreading skin lesions, erysipelas
A disorder characterized by swelling spreading all over the body; swelling spreading suddenly; swelling covering wide area; swelling not very raised.

विसूचिका ( visūcikā )

Acute, severe gastroenteritis
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a needling type of pain in body; expulsion of āma from upper and lower orifices; i.e. mouth and anus; syncope or swooning; diarrhoea; vomiting; thirst; colicky pain in abdomen; giddiness or dizziness; cramps; yawning; generalized body aches; dryness of mouth; excessive talking/ irrelevant speech/incoherent speech; sunken eyes; severe headache; severe pain in cardiac region; contraction movement of head; rigidity of head; loss of thirst; impairment of agni; stiffness of sides of chest; stiffness of back; burning sensation; discoloration; intoxication; tremors; pain in precordial region/angina pectoris; headache; borborygmi with distension; rigidity/stiffness; fever; feeling of heaviness in body; impediment of speech/dysphasia; spitting/excessive expectoration; loss of taste; excessive salivation; bodily exhaustion or tiredness/inability to perform physical activities; indigestion; fever with chills; lethargy.

विसूचिका-उपद्रवः ( visūcikā-upadravaḥ )

Complications of gastroenteritis
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: insomnia; distress/discontent/restlessness; tremors; retention of urine; loss of consciousness.

विस्फोटकः ( visphoṭakaḥ )

Skin disorder with pustules covered with thin membrane
A disorder characterized by lesions resembling burnt scars; blisters; associated with fever.

विस्फोटककुष्ठः ( visphoṭakakuṣṭhaḥ )

Skin disease with pustules covered with thin skin
A skin disease characterized by reddish white blisters or bullae; thin wound margins.

विस्रावणकर्म ( visrāvaṇakarma )

Drainage, bloodletting
The procedure of draining any accumulated fluid or bloodletting by various methods.

विस्रावणकर्म (व्रणचिकित्सा) ( visrāvaṇakarma (vraṇacikitsā) )

Therapeutic bloodletting
Therapeutic blood removal to promote wound healing.

विहारः ( vihāraḥ )

Activities
Activities related to the body, senses, mind and speech.

विहारवैषम्यम् ( vihāravaiṣamyam )

Disorders due to improper lifestyle

वीरुध ( vīrudha )

Small plant
A herb or shrub, e.g. country mallow (Sida cordifolia L.) (bala).

वीर्यम्, शक्तिः ( vīryam, śaktiḥ )

Potency
The innate quality of a substance, its ability to effectuate a change, or act on the body and mind. Broadly categorized into two categories: hot and cold potency.

वीर्यवाहिनीसिराछेदनजन्यक्लैब्यम् ( vīryavāhinīsirāchedanajanyaklaibyam )

Traumatic impotency
Impotency due to trauma to the ejaculatory tract.

वृक्कः, कालेयम्, कालेयकम्, कुक्षिगोलकः ( vṛkkā, kāleyam, kāleyakam, kukṣigolakaḥ )

Kidney

वृक्षः ( vṛkṣaḥ )

Tree
A tree, e.g. Indian banyan (Ficus benghalensis L.) (vaṭa).

वृत्तस्नायुः ( vṛttasnāyuḥ )

Tendon

वृत्तिकरः ( vṛttikaraḥ )

Life-sustaining

वृद्धिः ( vṛddhiḥ )

Hydrocoele and related disorders
A disorder characterized by penile and scrotal swelling; roughness; dryness.

वृद्धिपत्रशस्त्रम् ( vṛddhipatraśastram )

Scalpel
A surgical instrument with a blade used for incision or excision.

वृन्दः ( vṛndaḥ )

Pharyngeal abscess
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a prominent round swelling; severe burning; on the lateral side of throat; hyperpyrexia; pricking pain.

वृश्चिकविषः ( vṛścikaviṣaḥ )

Poisoning due to scorpion bite
Poisoning characterized by a burning sensation resembling fire; rapidly spreading in an upward direction; pain remaining at bite site; instantly severe pain; brownish discoloration at bite site; pricking type of pain at bite site; splitting type of pain at bite site.

वृषणः, मुष्कः, फलम्, अण्डः, अण्डकोषः, फलकोशः, कोषः, कोशः ( vṛṣaṇaḥ, muṣkaḥ, phalam, aṇḍaḥ, aṇḍakoṣaḥ, phalakośaḥ, koṣaḥ, kośaḥ )

Scrotum including testicles

वृषणकच्छूः ( vṛṣaṇakacchūḥ )

Scrotal dermatitis
A disorder characterized by itching in the scrotal region; sudden appearance of blisters; presence of secretion from blisters.

वृषता ( vṛṣatā )

Virility
Generative power, potency to produce a healthy progeny.

वृष्यः ( vṛṣyaḥ )

Treatment promoting vigour with aphrodisiac effect
Substances which promote the formation of semen; an aphrodisiac.

वृष्यम् ( vṛṣyam )

Substance enhancing the reproductive element in both quality and quantity

वेगः ( vegaḥ )

Urges
The natural urges are considered to be of two types: suppressible and non-suppressible

वेगरोधजराजयक्ष्मा ( vegarodhajarājayakṣmā )

Consumption due to withholding of natural urges
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: cold catarrh; cough; hoarseness of voice; loss of taste; pain in sides of chest/flanks; headache; fever; crushing type of pain in shoulders; generalized body aches; frequent vomiting; diarrhoea/loose motions; depletion of purisha or faeces; irritation in the throat; irritation in the chest; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing.

वेगावरोधः ( vegāvarodhaḥ )

Disorder due to suppression of natural urges

वेतसपत्रशस्त्रम् ( vetasapatraśastram )

Curved scalpel
A type of surgical scalpel which is slightly curved and sharp on its inner edge, used for puncturing or curetting.

वेदिनी ( vedinī )

Fifth layer of skin

वेध्यरोगः ( vedhyarogaḥ )

Eye disorders for bloodletting

वेल्लितकम् ( vellitakam )

Curved suture
A continous suture, the opposite of interrupted or separate sutures.

वेशवारः ( veśavāraḥ )

Boneless meat prepared with certain condiments
A preparation in which boneless meat is cooked, then ground and mixed with ghee and spices such as pepper and garlic, before being made into flattened balls which are steam cooked.

वैकल्यकरमर्म ( vaikalyakaramarma )

Vulnerable location(s) leading to deformity
Marma which if injured may lead to disability rather than death.

वैकृतदोषः ( vaikṛtadoṣaḥ )

Abnormal dosha as a cause of disease
A deviation of dosha from its normal physiological state of equilibrium, involving a disorder of its functional, qualitative or quantitative aspects: this is the basis of disease.

वैकृतापहकर्म (व्रणचिकित्सा) ( vaikṛtāpahakarma (vraṇacikitsā) )

Cosmetic corrections after wound healing
Restoration of normal scar conditions, i.e. restituting normal skin colour and encouraging regrowth of local hair.

वैक्रान्तम् ( vaikrāntam )

Fluorspar and tourmaline
Calcium fluoride (CaF2). In calcinated form vikrantam is used as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral formulations.

वैडूर्यम्/वैदूर्यम् ( vaiḍūryam/vaidūryam )

Cat’s eye
Chrysoberyl (BeAl2O4). Duly processed vaiduryam is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations.

वैतरणबस्तिः ( vaitaraṇabastiḥ )

Enema for obstinate diseases
A type of enema formulated with the specified ingredients for a specific purpose.

वैद्यः ( vaidyaḥ )

Physician
The physician or medical practitioner is expected to have the following qualities: to be an expert in medical treatment (daksha), academically qualified (trirthashastrartha), experienced (drishtakarma), in good physical and mental health (shuci) and able to fully appreciate the state of health or illness of the patient.

व्यक्तिः ( vyaktiḥ )

Stage of clinical manifestation of a disease
The fifth stage of disease manifestation, when a disease or condition becomes clinically manifest.

व्यञ्जकहेतुः ( vyañjakahetuḥ )

Aggravating cause of disease
An etiological factor that sustains, aggravates and stimulates progression of a disease or condition.

व्यतिरे कव्याप्तिः ( vyatirekavyāptiḥ )

Negative invariable concomitance
A condition pertaining to the logical conditions of inference in which minor terms do not exist in all loci with major terms.

व्यधनकर्म ( vyadhana karma )

Puncture
The procedure of puncturing a body part.

व्यधनविस्रावणकर्म ( vyadhanavisrāvaṇakarma )

Drainage by puncturing
Therapeutic drainage of a wound by puncture.

व्यपेताहिक्का/यमलाहिक्का ( vyapetāhikkā/ yamalāhikkā )

Dual or successive hiccups
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: hiccups increasing after food digestion; excessive talking/irrelevant speech/incoherent speech; vomiting; diarrhoea; thirst; senselessness/unconsciousness; yawning; eyes bathed or dimmed with tears; dryness of mouth; body bent/flexed; abdominal distension; hiccups originating from jatru; suppression of breath/death; hiccups in two bouts; shaking of the head and neck.

व्यभिचारिहेतुः ( vyabhicārihetuḥ )

Mild yet potential causative factor
A nondominant causative factor: it cannot independently give rise to a disease or condition but may contribute to it when the apposite situation arises in the body.

व्यवसायः ( vyavasāyaḥ )

Decision
Arriving at a clear and unambiguous decision.

व्यवाय व्यायाम पानक्लान्तानां नस्य व्यापदः ( vyavāya vyāyāma pānaklāntānāṃ nasya vyāpadaḥ )

Condition due to inhalation therapy administered to person fatigued by excessive indulgence in sexual activities; exercise or alcohol
A condition characterized by pain in head; pain in shoulders; pain in eyes; pain in chest.

व्यवाय-वैषम्यम्/ मैथुनापचारम् ( vyavāya-vaiṣamyam/ maithunāpacāram )

Disorders due to faulty sexual practices

व्यवायजन्यराजयक्ष्मा ( vyavāyajanyarājayakṣmā )

Consumption due to excessive copulation
A disorder characterized by pallor; signs of depletion of semen; depletion of earlier dhātu.

व्यवायमिथ्यायोगः/ मिथ्याव्यवायम् ( vyavāyamithyāyogaḥ/ mithyāvyavāyam )

Disorder due to deviated sexual activity

व्यवायातियोगः ( vyavāyātiyogaḥ )

Disorder due to excessive sexual activity

व्यवायी ( vyavāyī )

Substance spreading all over the body before being digested
Example: intoxication with Cannabis sativa L. and Papaver somniferum L.

व्याख्या ( vyākhyā )

Explanation, commentary
An exegetical commentary on, or explanation of, Ayurvedic texts.

व्याख्यानम् ( vyākhyānam )

Lucid explanation
A statement which develops a subject matter in detail.

व्याधिः ; आमयः ; गदः ; आतङ्क ; यक्ष्मा ; समुच्चय ; ज्वर ; विकारः ; रोग ; पाप्मा ( vyādhiḥ; āmayaḥ; gadaḥ; ātaṅkaḥ; yakṣmā, samuccaya; jvara; vikāraḥ; roga; pāpmā. )

Disease
Ayurveda uses several terms as synonyms for diseases, based on the different perspectives under which diseases are understood: Disease, a condition which causes various types of pain and distress to the body and mind; Origin of diseases from ama; Illness due to multiple factors; Illness as obtrusive to life; Syndrome; Fever as a generic term for disease; Disorder, ailment; Discomfort, disease; A disease-state originating from the individual’s physical or mental transgressions or demerits in present or past life.

व्याधिक्षमत्व ( vyādhikṣamatva )

Immunity

व्याधिक्षमत्वम् ( vyādhikṣamatvam )

Inherent capacity of the body to resist diseases
The inherent resisting power of the body, which strives to arrest the occurrence, progress and re-occurrence of diseases.

व्याधिबलविरोधितत्वम् ( vyādhibalavirodhitatvam )

Inherent capacity of the body to resist diseases
A natural, nonspecific type of immunity which defends the body whenever any disease occurs for the first time.

व्याधिभेदः ( vyādhibhedaḥ )

Types of disease
The categorization of diseases based on various established criteria.

व्याधिविनिश्चयः, रोगविनिश्चयः ( vyādhiviniścayaḥ, rogaviniścayaḥ )

Diagnosis
Arrived at through careful consideration of information and the application of knowledge. Information is provided by the patient’s narrative, the exploration of signs and symptoms and the results of patient examination. The knowledge derived from the learning and expertise of the physician is applied to this information to arrive at a diagnosis

व्याधिविपरीतः ( vyādhiviparītaḥ )

Antagonistic to disease
The judicious use of medicines, regimens and dietetics that are antagonistic to the nature of the disease or condition itself.

व्याधिविपरीतचिकित्सा ( vyādhiviparītacikitsā )

Treatment antagonistic to disease
One of the threefold classifications of treatment antagonistic to the disease.

व्याधिविपरीतार्थकारी ( vyādhiviparītārthakārī )

Treatment with interventions usually considered to be disease-aggravating factors
The judicious use of medicines, regimens and dietetics that are known to aggravate the signs and symptoms of the disease or condition temporarily but can provide relief from the disease itself.

व्याधिसङ्कर ( vyādhisaṅkaraḥ )

Comorbidity
The presence or co-existence of more than one disease or condition at a given time.

व्याधिसङ्करः ( vyādhisaṅkaraḥ )

Comorbidity
A disease that gives rise to another disease while continuing to exist; it may also signify two or more diseases which coexist owing to a similarity of etiology or pathogenic mechanism.

व्याधिहरम् ( vyādhiharam )

Disease elimination
Cure of disease. Synonym of treatment.

व्याधिहेतुः ( vyādhihetuḥ )

Disease-specific causes
Factors that give rise to a disease or condition irrespective of the dosha involved.

व्याध्युद्पादप्रतिबन्धकत्वम् ( vyādhyudpādapratibandhakatvam )

Inherent capacity of the body to resist diseases
The defence mechanism of the body which intervenes to resist the occurrence or re-occurrence of diseases.

व्यानः ( vyānaḥ )

Circulating vata
Subtype of vata seated in the cardiac region (hrdaya), which circulates or diffuses through the body. It performs the function of circulating of fluids through heart to all parts of the body, as well as transporting various materials from one body part to another.

व्यानवातकोपः ( vyānavātakopaḥ )

Aggravation of circulating vata
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a decrease in virility/semen; decrease or lack of enthusiasm/energy; diminution of physical strength; oedema; excitement; fever; quadriplegia; pricking type of pain; horripilation; numbness of body parts; skin disease; spreading cellulitis or erysipelas; diseases affecting whole body.

व्यापद् ( vyāpad )

Adverse event
A harmful or prejudicial event occurring during a therapeutic intervention.

व्यापन्नऋतु, ऋतुविपर्ययः ( vyāpannaṛtu, ṛtuviparyayaḥ )

Abnormal seasonal pattern

व्यापन्नर्तुकृतरोगः ( vyāpannartukṛtarogaḥ )

Diseases resulting from untimely climatic changes or sudden variations
Diseases and conditions that manifest in the body due to unexpected changes in climate.

व्याप्तिः ( vyāptiḥ )

Invariable concomitance
A condition pertaining to the logical conditions of inference in which minor terms uniformly exist in the same loci as major terms.

व्यामः ( vyāmaḥ )

Distance between tips of middle fingers of outstretched upper limbs
Measure of length equal to the distance between the tip of the middle fingers of both outstretched upper limbs: 72 inches or 182.88 cm.

व्यायामः ( vyāyāmaḥ )

Sweating induced by exercise
A type of sudation therapy in which diaphoresis is achieved by doing exercise.

व्यायामः ( vyāyāmaḥ )

Therapeutic exercise
The process of making the person take exercise as a therapeutic measure.

व्यायाम-वैषम्यम् ( vyāyāma-vaiṣamyam )

Disorders due to improper exercise

व्यायामजन्यराजयक्ष्मा ( vyāyāmajanyarājayakṣmā )

Consumption due to overexercise
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: pain in chest; haematemesis; typical type of excessive cough; haematuria; stiffness of sides of chest; stiffness of back; stiffness of lumbar region/lower back; clinical features of traumatic chest/pulmonary trauma without injury.

व्यायोजिमः ( vyāyojimaḥ )

Lobuloplasty type 8
A type of lobuloplasty indicated when one flap of the divided earlobe is thick and the other one thin or when one is regular and the other irregular.

व्यालकृतरोगः ( vyālakṛtarogaḥ )

Diseases caused by wild animals
Diseases and conditions caused by physical attack and bites from both tame and wild animals; it includes injuries caused by nails, horns, bites, snake poison and bee stings.

व्यूहनकर्म ( vyūhanakarma )

Dislodging of foreign body
The removal of a foreign body by retracting or elevating with a probe prior to removal.

व्योमाश्मः ( vyomāśmaḥ )

Jade
Duly processed vyomashma is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbomineral pharmaceutical formulations.

व्रणः ( vraṇaḥ )

Ulcer
An ulcer is an open sore on an external or internal surface of the body; caused by a break in the skin or mucous membrane which fails to heal; ranging from small; painful sores in the mouth to bedsores and serious lesions of the stomach or intestine.

व्रण-अपचारः ( vraṇa-apacāraḥ )

Condition due to due to improper wound care

व्रण-रोपणः ( vraṇa-ropaṇaḥ )

Wound-healing

व्रण-शोधनम् ( vraṇa-śodhanam )

Wound cleansing

व्रणजन्यराजयक्ष्मा ( vraṇajanyarājayakṣmā )

Consumption due to wounds
A disorder characterized by diminution of rakta, pain.

व्रणधूपनम् ( vraṇadhūpanam )

Fumigation of ulcers and wounds
The therapeutic procedure of fumigating wounds or ulcers.

व्रणधूपनम् ( vraṇadhūpanam )

Medicated fumigation for wound management
Therapeutic fumigation of a wound.

व्रणपाचनकर्म ( vraṇapācanakarma )

Induction of suppuration
Various procedures that help to induce ripening or suppuration of the inflammation.

व्रणशोफः ( vraṇaśophaḥ )

Pre-ulcerative inflammation
A condition characterized by widespread or nodular (localized) inflammation; regular or irregular; due to accumulation of vitiated dosha in the skin and muscles which may manifest in any part of the body. May develop independently leading to ulcer formation at a later stage or be preceded by vidradhi (abscess).

व्रणशोफस्यसप्तोपक्रमाः ( vraṇaśophasyasaptopkramāḥ )

Seven therapies for management of pre-ulcerative inflammation
The seven therapeutic measures for management of an inflammatory swelling: gentle massage, bloodletting, poultice application, incision, wound cleaning, wound healing and cosmetic measures.

व्रणस्यषष्टि-उपक्रमाः ( vraṇasyaṣaṣṭi-upakramāḥ )

Sixty therapeutic measures for wound management
Sixty therapeutic measures for management of wounds and ulcers.

व्रण्यः ( vraṇyaḥ )

Substance promoting wound-healing

व्रीहिमुखशस्त्रम् ( vrīhimukhaśastram )

Trocar
A pointed sharp instrument used for puncturing or surgical drainage.

शकुनीग्रहः ( śakunīgrahaḥ )

Symptom complex resembling bacterial infection of the skin due to external invisible factors
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a smell of birds emanating from the body; generalized discharging lesions; flaccidity/laxity; blisters with burning sensation spread over body; blisters with suppuration spread over body; afflicted with skin lesions due to injuries or trauma; diarrhoea; tongue ulcer; palate ulcer; throat ulcer; repeated blisters on joints; manifesting at any time; stomatitis; proctitis; fever; smelling of shakuni (a type of bird).

शंखः ( śaṃkhaḥ )

Conch shell
Calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Duly processed shankha is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations.

शंखावर्तसन्धिः ( śaṃkhāvartasandhiḥ )

Convoluted shell-like joint

शङ्काविषम् ( śaṅkāviṣam )

Doubt about being poisoned
The fear or suspicion of being poisoned or bitten by a poisonous animal or snake may develop into symptoms which resemble those of being poisoned when no poison is involved.

शङ्खः ( śaṅkhaḥ )

Temple
One of the ten sites in the body where vital life force is predominantly located.

शङ्खकः ( śaṅkhakaḥ )

Severe pain at temporal region

शङ्खप्रदेशः ( śaṅkhapradeśaḥ )

Temple

शतघ्नी ( śataghnī )

Retro-pharyngeal abscess
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a solid swelling ) obstructing the throat; associated with multiple fleshy buds; various types of pain; raised; numerous overlying muscular growths; muscular growths resembling varti; severe thirst; hyperpyrexia; severe heaadache; pain resembling śataghni.

शतपदी-दष्टः ( śatapadī-daṣṭaḥ )

Reaction due to sting of centipede
Poisoning characterized by oedema; pain; burning sensation in precordial/cardiac region; burning sensation; syncope or swooning; appearance of whitish papules.

शतपोनकः ( śataponakaḥ )

Boils with multiple tiny openings around the penis
A disorder characterized by the external opening becoming occluded due to heaped boils.

शतपोनकभगन्दरः/ वातजभगन्दरः ( śataponakabhagandaraḥ/ vātajabhagandaraḥ )

Anal fistula with multiple openings
A fistula in the anal tissues characterized by the appearance of slightly red-coloured eruptions; pricking pain; full of multiple minute pores resembling a sieve; suppurating if left untreated; wound always moist owing to close proximity to urinary bladder; heavy discharge through openings; clear discharge through openings; frothy discharge through openings; excessive discharge through openings; whipping pain; tearing pain; biting pain; pricking pain; splitting sensation in anus; flatus; urine; faeces and semen oozing from openings if left untreated; minute openings.

शतारुकुष्ठः ( śatārukuṣṭhaḥ )

Skin disease with several ulcerated red, black or browncoloured patches
A skin disease characterized by reddish ulcerative lesion; bluish-black colour; lesion associated with burning sensation; pain; multiple ulcerative lesions; broad-based; excessively moist/wet discharge; full of worms; usually appears at joints.

शनैर्मेहः ( śanairmehaḥ )

Polyuria disorder with very slow voiding rate
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: urination with reduced flow; difficulty in micturition/dysuria; slow elimination of urine; elimination of mucus-mixed urine; elimination of slimy urine.

शब्दः ( śabdaḥ )

Sound
Trait of space element.

शब्दवहाधमनी ( śabdavahādhamanī )

Artery related to perception of sound

शब्दानुवहा, शब्दाभिवहा, शब्दपथः, शब्दवहस्रोतस् ( śabdānuvahā, śabdābhivahā, śabdapathaḥ, śabdavahasrotas )

Conduits carrying sound

शमनकवलः/प्रसादनकवलः ( śamanakavalaḥ/ prasādanakavalaḥ )

Palliative mouth gargle
A type of gargle with the property of pacifying morbid dosha.

शमनगण्डू षः ( śamanagaṇḍūṣaḥ )

Retention of palliative medications in the oral cavity
Full mouth retention of liquid medications with the property of pacifying morbid dosha for a specific time.

शमनधूमपानम् ( śamanadhūmapānam )

Palliative medicated smoking
The procedure of medicated smoking aimed at pacifying morbid dosha.

शमननस्यम् ( śamananasyam )

Intranasal therapy with pacifying effect
A type of nasya therapy which helps in treatment by pacifying morbid doṣa.

शमनम् [वातशमनम्, पित्तशमनम्, कफशमनम्] ( śamanam [vāta-śamanam, pitta-śamanam and kaphaśamanam] )

Restoring normalcy or pacifying action
Substances with the ability to restore normalcy, i.e. vata-pacifying, pitta-pacifying and kapha-pacifying .

शमीधान्यवर्गः/ शिम्बीधान्यवर्गः, वैदलवर्गः ( śamīdhānyavargaḥ, śimbīdhānyavargaḥ, vaidalavargaḥ )

Group of pulses and legumes
The group of seeds from plants covered with pods such as black gram, green gram, horse gram, green pea, pigeon pea or chickpea.

शम्बूकावर्तभगन्दरः/ सन्निपातजभगन्दरः ( śambūkāvartabhagandaraḥ/ sannipātajabhagandaraḥ )

Anal fistula with orifice resembling a snail’s shell (horseshoeshaped fistula)
A fistula characterized by a hallux-sized nodule; pricking pain; burning sensation; itching; suppurating if left untreated; discharge with various/invariable colours; resembling a snail’s ridges; tracts damaging soft tissues; boil resembling a cow’s teat; different types of pain; different colours; excessive/ copious discharge.

शरारिमुखशस्त्रम् ( śarārimukhaśastram )

Scissors
A double-bladed sharp instrument for cutting in surgery.

शरावः ( śarāvaḥ )

Earthen cupel or saucer
A utensil generally used for refining metals and minerals, and for calcinating metals and minerals using graded heat.

शराविका-प्रमेहपिडका ( śarāvikā-pramehapiḍakā )

Carbuncle resembling earthenware vessel with flat cover
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a boil with raised margins; bluish-black lesions; accompanied by wetness/dampness; pain; resembling an earthen saucer; a boil with a depressed centre.

शरीरः, देहः, कायः, तनुः, गात्रम्, वपुः ( śarīraḥ, dehaḥ, kāyaḥ, tanuḥ, gātram, vapuḥ )

Body

शरीरवृद्धिकरभावः ( śarīra-vṛddhikara-bhāvaḥ )

Factors responsible for body growth
Body growth is determined by four factors: appropriate time, innate nature, proper nutrition and absence of obstructing or impairing factors.

शरीरसम्पत् ( śarīra-sampat )

Healthy body and mind
The state in which all fundamental structural components of the body or dhatu are functioning normally.

शरीराधिष्टानम् ( śarīrādhiṣṭānaṃ )

Physical body as seat of disease
A disease or condition in which the body is first affected followed by the mind.

शरीरार्धम् ( śarīrārdham )

Body half

शर्कराजमूत्रकृच्छ्रम्, शर्करा-अश्मरी ( śarkarājamūtrakṛcchram, śarkarā-aśmarī )

Difficulty in urination due to urinary gravel
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: precordial pain/cardiac pain; shivering/ tremors; colicky pain in abdomen; diminution of agni; syncope or swooning; severe dysuria; lessening of pain when gravel passed in urine flow.

शर्करार्बुदः ( śarkarārbudaḥ )

Granulated tumour
A disorder characterized by a swelling of variegated coloration; moistening/soddening; foul smell; sudden occurrence of bleeding; honey-like discharge; clarified butterlike discharge; discharge resembling fat.

शलाका ( śalākā )

Ophthalmic probe
A probe used for various procedures in diseases of the head and neck region .

शलाकायन्त्रम् ( śalākāyantram )

Blunt, probe-like instruments
Instruments used in surgical and parasurgical procedures such as probing, mobilization, extraction and the application of medications.

शल्यगतिः ( śalyagatiḥ )

Route of foreign body entry and movement
Site of entry and movement of a foreign body in affected body tissue.

शल्यचिकित्सा ( śalyacikitsā )

Surgery
The clinical speciality of Ayurveda dealing with the removal of internal or external foreign bodies (shalya) through surgical intervention(s).

शल्यतन्त्रम् ( śalyatantram )

Surgery
One of the eight clinical branches of Āyurveda which deals with surgery.

शल्यनिमित्तजनाडीव्रणः ( śalyanimittajanāḍīvraṇaḥ )

Deep ulcer with fistula formation due to injury with foreign body
A sinus ulcer characterized by a frothy clear discharge as if churned; sanguineous discharge; warm discharge; constant pain; blood-mixed pus discharge; thin discharge; reduced quantity of discharge, e.g. pilonidal sinus.

शल्यम् ( śalyam )

Foreign body or substance that must be removed surgically or by other means
Any foreign body or factor which discomfits or obstructs the body and mind.

शल्यार्दित-विरेचनव्यापत् ( śalyārdita-virecanavyāpat )

Condition caused by purgation therapy administered to person afflicated with foreign body
A condition characterized by vata localized in the injured part leading to death.

शष्कुलिः ( śaṣkuliḥ )

Type of cake
A large round cake composed of ground rice, sugar and sesame, which is cooked in oil.

शष्कुली ( śaṣkulī )

Cochlea

शस्त्रकर्म-अपचारः ( śastrakarma-apacāraḥ )

Condition of improper surgical intervention

शस्त्रकर्मयोग्यवैद्यलक्षण: ( śastrakarmayogyavaidyalakṣaṇa )

Qualities of ideal surgeon
The qualities or attributes required by the ideal surgeon.

शस्त्रकृतरोगः ( śastrakṛtarogaḥ )

Diseases caused by sharp instruments
Diseases and conditions caused by weapons or instruments such as swords, surgical instruments, stones or wood.

शस्त्रदण्डहते नस्य व्यापदः ( śastradaṇḍahate nasya vyāpadaḥ )

Condition due to inhalation therapy administered to person injured by sharp and blunt weapon
A condition characterized by excruciating pain.

शस्त्रदोषः ( śastradoṣaḥ )

Defects of sharp instruments
The eight types of defects affecting sharp instruments which make them unsuitable for the respective surgical procedures: crooked, blunt, fissured, rough, very thick, very thin or small, too long and too small.

शस्त्रधारा ( śastradhārā )

Degree of sharpness of instruments
The degree of the sharpness of instruments for various surgical procedures is as follows: instrument with a cutting edge similar to that of a single split lentil for incising or cutting, half a single split lentil for scarification or curetting, a strand of hair for puncturing and draining, and half a strand of hair for excision.

शस्त्रपायना ( śastrapāyanā )

Tempering of sharp surgical instruments
There are three types of tempering for sharp instruments: with caustic liquids, water and oil

शस्त्रम् ( śastram )

Sharp surgical instruments
Instruments with sharp or cutting edges used for surgical purposes.

शस्त्रविभ्रमः ( śastravibhramaḥ )

Condition due to faulty surgical procedure

शस्त्रविस्रावणम् ( śastravisrāvaṇam )

Bloodletting with a surgical instrument
Procedures for bloodletting by making small cuts or venesection .

शस्त्रसम्पत् ( śastrasampat )

Qualities of ideal sharp surgical instruments
The qualities of ideal sharp surgical instruments which make them suitable for surgical procedures are: having a good handle, made of quality metal, fine blade, excellent appearance and face well positioned.

शस्त्रसाध्य ( śastrasādhya )

Conditions amenable to surgery
A disease or condition that requires, and which can be treated and managed by surgical techniques.

शाकवर्गः ( śākavargaḥ )

Group of vegetables
The group of vegetables comprising leaf, root or tuber, flower, stem and fruit.

शाकुनिकायः ( śākunikāyaḥ )

Person with intolerant, The characteristics of the person with an intolerant, unsteady unsteady temperament temperament are overindulgence in sexual activity, incessant eating, intolerance or impatience, and unsteadiness of mind.

शाखा ( śākhā )

Branch of knowledge
Ayurveda is considered a branch of knowledge because it is derived from other Indian knowledge systems such as the Vedas.

शाखा ( śākhā )

Upper and lower limbs
Five prominences in the developing fetus which correspond to the four limbs and head.

शाखागतिः ( śākhāgatiḥ )

Shifting of dosha from gut to structual components
Physiological or pathological movements of dosha towards the structural components; diseases become manifest when the vitiated dosha gets dislodged in structural components .

शाखामर्म ( Śākhāmarma )

Vulnerable location(s) in the limbs
Marma located in the limbs.

शाखाश्रितकामला ( śākhāśritakāmalā )

Jaundice affecting body tissues such as blood and limbs
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: yellow-coloured eyes; yellowish discoloration of urine; yellow-coloured skin; whitish stools; gurgling intestinal sounds/borborygmi; constipation/abdominal fullness; heaviness of heart region; pitta entering into tvaca and dhātu with gradual development of weakness; gradual development of pain in sides of chest; gradual development of hiccups; gradual development of breathlessness; gradual development of loss of taste; gradual development of fever.

शारीरः ( śārīraḥ )

Knowledge pertaining to the body
The study of the body in all its aspects from origin to death.

शारीर-गुणाः/गुर्वादिगुणाः ( śārīra-guṇāḥ/gurvādiguṇāḥ )

Physical attributes, properties or qualities
The property of a substance which is related to body tissues; it is extensively used for selecting and preparing Ayurveda medicines and applying them successfully.

शारीरशल्यम् ( śārīraśalyam )

Endogenous internal obstruction
An obstruction originating from factors such as vitiated excretory products and morbid matter or a calculus.

शारीरिकहेतुः ( śārīrikahetuḥ )

Somatic cause
Causes leading to disturbances in the anatomy and physiology of the body.

शालाकिन्/शलाकी ( śālākin/ śalākī )

Specialist in diseases of the head and neck region
A person who has expertise and practice in diagnosing and treating diseases of the head and neck or śalākāyantraṁ.

शालाक्यतन्त्र, ऊर्ध्वाङ्गचिकित्सा ( śālakyatantra, ūrdhvāṅgacikitsā )

Head and neck medicine
The clinical speciality of Ayurveda dealing with the treatment of diseases affecting the head and neck region (including ophthalmology, otorhinolaryngology and dentistry) .

शालाक्यतन्त्रम्/ उर्ध्वाङ्गचिकित्सा/ जत्रूर्ध्वचिकित्सा/ उत्तमाङ्गचिकित्सा ( śālākyatantram/ urdhvāṅgacikitsā/ jatrūrdhvacikitsā/ uttamāṅgacikitsā )

Branch of Āyurveda dealing with diseases of the head and neck region
One of the eight branches of Āyurveda which deals with the diseases affecting the supraclavicular regions of the body, i.e. eye, ear, nose, throat and oral cavity, as well as their management; it includes dentistry, ophthalmology, orthodontics, otolaryngology and the treatment of various types of scalp- and head-related conditions such as headaches including migraine.

शालिधान्य-अतियोगः ( śālidhānya-atiyogaḥ )

Disorder due to excessive intake of cereals, e.g. rice

शालिसक्तुः ( śālisaktuḥ )

Flour of roasted rice
A dietetic preparation made by adding sugar and water to the flour of roasted rice.

शास्त्रगुणाः ( śāstraguṇāḥ )

Qualities of technical writing
Good technical writing following structured sets of rules or instruments such as devices for composition and analysis of technical treatises (tantrayukti), sources of meaning (arthashraya), compositions (kalpana), inclinations (tacchilya) and explanations (vyakhya). These are literary devices to assist in comprehending the technical and hidden meanings of classical texts.

शास्त्रम्, सूत्रम्, शाखाविद्या, ज्ञानम्, तन्त्रम्, विधिः, विज्ञानम्, लक्षणम् ( śāstram, sūtram, śākhāvidyā, jñānam, tantram, vidhiḥ, vijñānam, lakṣaṇam )

Knowledge system or treatise
A knowledge system is concise and informative and offers both theoretical and practical knowledge in its many subdisciplines. Ayurveda is considered as a knowledge system.

शिण्डाकी ( śiṇḍākī )

Type of fermented beverage
A specific preparation resulting from a process of fermentation.

शिरः, मूर्धा, उत्तमाङ्गम्, मस्तकम् , कपालः , शङ्खः , ललाटम्, अलिकम् ( śiraḥ, mūrdhā, uttamāṅgam, mastakam, kapālaḥ, śaṅkhaḥ, Forehead, lalāṭam, alikam )

Head
The uppermost and chief part of the body; head, the site where life force and the sense organs are situated.

शिरःकपालम् ( śiraḥkapālam )

Skull

शिरःपिचुः ( śiraḥpicuḥ )

Therapeutic procedure A type of external application of oil to the head in which a pad of placing an oil-soaked of oil-soaked cloth or cotton is kept on the scalp for a defined tampon on head period.

शिरःशूलःवमनस्य व्यापदः ( śiraḥśūlaḥ vamanasya vyapadaḥ )

Condition caused by emetic therapy administered to person with headache

शिरःसेकः ( śiraḥsekaḥ )

Therapeutic streaming of medicated fluids to head
A type of external application of oil to the head in which oil is poured in a fine stream over the forehead in a meticulous manner, either observing pendulous movements or at a constant point.

शिरो-अर्तिबस्तिव्यापत् ( śiro-artibastivyāpat )

Condition of headache due to faulty enema therapy
A condition characterized by symptoms afflicting the heart.

शिरोपिचुः ( śiropicuh )

Application of tampon to the head
A procedure in which a tampon is soaked in oil or other substances and applied to the baby’s head.

शिरोबस्तिः ( śirobastiḥ )

Therapeutic retention of oil over head for specific duration
A procedure involving medicated oil being retained over the head region for a specific duration.

शिरोभिघातः ( śirobhighātaḥ )

A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: torticollis/stiffness of neck; facial paralysis; agitation of eyes; confusion/delirium; cramps; loss of motor activities; cough; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; lockjaw/catching sensation over jaw; muteness/inability to speak; stuttering/stammmering; closure of eyelids; twitching of cheek muscles; yawning; excessive salivation; aphasia; facial grimaces.

शिरोमर्म, जत्रूर्ध्वमर्म ( Śiromarma, jatrūrdhvamarma )

Vulnerable location(s) in the head and neck
Marma located in the head and neck..

शिरोरोगः/ शिरःशूलम्/ शिरस्तापः/ शिरोभितापः ( śirorogaḥ/ śiraḥśūlam/ śirastāpaḥ/ śirobhitāpaḥ )

Disorders of head
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: clinical features of all types of dosha; severe pain; severe pricking pain in both temporal regions; severe pricking pain at nape of neck; breaking pain at both temporal regions; breaking pain at nape of neck; burning sensation in middle of eyebrows; burning sensation in forehead; severe pain between both eyebrows; severe pain in forehead; puncturing pain in both ears; tininitus; feeling as if eyes being extracted; feeling as if head spinning; sensation of luxation in skull region; pulsating sensation over vascular plexus; stiffness of neck; sudden onset of pain; pulsating sensation; severe headache without apparent cause; severe headache at night; headache relieved by bandage; headache relieved by fomentation; heaviness of head; locked jaw; intolerance of light/ photophobia; rhinorrhoea; sudden relief of pain; softness generated by massaging; softness generated by oil; softness generated by sudation; softness generated by bandaging.

शिरोरोगचिकित्सा ( śirorogacikitsā )

Management of diseases of head
The treatment of diseases related to the head.

शिरोविरे चननस्य-अयोगः/ शिरोविरे चननस्य-हीनयोगः ( śirovirecananasyaayogaḥ/ śirovirecananasyahīnayogaḥ )

Condition due to suboptimal or inadequate dosage of evacuatory snuff
A condition characterized by derangement/impairment of vāta; dryness of sense organs; failure to obtain relief from the disease.

शिरोविरे चनम् ( śirovirecanam )

Type of intranasal administration used for shodhanakarma
A type of cleansing therapy that uses the nasal route.

शिरोविरे चनम् (व्रणचिकित्सा) ( Śirovirecanam (vraṇacikitsā) )

Errhine medication for nasal cleansing for wound management
Application of errhine therapy for its cleansing effect specifically for wound management.

शिरोविरेचननस्य-अतियोगः ( śirovirecananasyaatiyogaḥ )

Condition due to overdosage of evacuatory snuff
A condition characterized by protrusion of brain matter; features of increased vāta; abnormal sense organ functioning; feeling of emptiness in the head.

शिरोऽभ्यङ्गः ( śirobhyaṅgaḥ )

Application of oil to head
A type of external application of oil to the head.

शिलाजतु ( śilājatu )

Black bitumen
Black bitumen in powder form is used as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbomineral formulations.

शिशुः ( śiśu )

Baby
An infant up to the age of one year.

शीतः ( śītaḥ )

Coldness
The quality of a substance which is responsible for promoting coldness and stiffness (staṃbhana).

शीतपित्तम् ( śītapittam )

Vata-predominant urticaria
A skin disease characterized by lesions resembling an insect/ wasp sting; itching; severe pricking type of pain; vomiting; fever; internal burning sensation; oedematous lesions appearing on skin; dominance of vata dosha.

शीतपूतनाग्रहः ( śītapūtanāgrahaḥ )

Assymmetric body temperature, excess sleep due to external invisible factors
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: diarrhoea; cough; weakness; vomiting; eye diseases; bad odour; frequent trembling of body; agitated; tremors; crying; involuntary sideways glance; thirst; borborygmi; smell of raw meat/animal fat; cold on one side but warm on other side of body; obstructed; clinging to mother and sleeping.

शीतप्रशमनम्, शीतापनयनम् ( Śītapraśamanam, śītāpanayanam )

Substance pacifying cold sensation

शीतमेहः ( śītamehaḥ )

Polyuria disorder with excessive or cold urine (phosphaturia)
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: excessively cold urination; excessively sweet urination; profuse urination.

शीतादः ( śītādaḥ )

Spongy gums
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: sudden bleeding from gums; bleeding without any cause; bad odour of gums; blackishness of gums; soddening of gums; softening of gums; decaying of gums; suppuration of gums; blackish gums.

शीताभिहतः ( śītābhihataḥ )

Frostbite

शीतोदक/ उष्णोदकमुखपरिषेकः ( śītodaka/ uṣṇodakamukhapariṣekaḥ )

Sprinkling water over the face
A step in neonatal resuscitation in which tactile stimulation is provided by sprinkling lukewarm or cold water (depending on the season) on the baby’s face.

शुक्तम् ( śuktam )

Vinegar
A kind of sour liquid prepared from roots and fruits by first steeping them in oil and salt, then drying them before placing them in water to undergo acetous fermentation.

शुक्तिः ( śuktiḥ )

Measure of weight approximately equal to 24 g
Measure of weight equal to 2 karsha.

शुक्तिः ( śuktiḥ )

Pearl oyster
Calcium carbonate (CaCO3). Duly processed shukti is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations.

शुक्तिः ( śuktiḥ )

Xerosis
A disorder characterized by blackish fleshlike dots; dots resembling muscle tissue; dots having the lustre of a pearl shell; blackish spots; yellowish spots; resembling a dirty mirror; burning sensation; pain; altered bowels/loose stools; thirst; fever.

शुक्रक्षयः ( śukrakṣayaḥ )

Diminution of semen
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: weakness or loss of physical strength; dryness of mouth; pallor/pale colour of body parts; exhaustion/tiredness of body and mind; inability to perform sexual act/impotence; inability to ejaculate semen/ suppression of semen; penile pain; scrotal pain/severe scrotal pain; inability to perform sexual act; delayed ejaculation; ejaculation of semen along with blood; black-outs; pricking type of scrotal pain; smoky sensation in penis.

शुक्रक्षयजन्य-क्लैब्यम्, पुंस्त्वोपघातजक्लैब्यम् ( śukrakṣayajanyaklaibyam, puṁstvopaghātajaklaibyam )

Impotency due to reduced semen
Condition characterized by impotency due to reduced semen.

शुक्रक्षयजन्यक्लैब्यम्, सौम्यधातुक्षयजक्लैब्यम् ( śukrakṣayajanyaklaibyam; saumyadhātukṣayajaklaibyam )

Impotency due to reduced semen
Impotency due to reduced seminal constituents or sperm .

शुक्रगतमसूरिका ( śukragatamasūrikā )

Lentil-shaped pox disease localized in semen
Lentil-shaped eruptive disorder is characterized by the suppurating appearance of the eruptions); unctuous apprearance of eruptions; minute eruptions; extremely painful; sensation of being covered with a wet cloth; distress/ discontent/restlessness; unconsciousness/confusion; burning sensation; associated with insanity; causing death.

शुक्रगतवातः ( śukragatavātaḥ )

Aggravation of vata in seminal tissue
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: delayed labour/postterm delivery, miscarriage/ abortion/preterm delivery; delayed ejaculation; premature ejaculation; congenital anomalies in offspring; inability to ejaculate.

शुक्रगतवातः ( śukragatavātaḥ )

Channels of male seed affected by vāta
A pathological condition in which vitiated vata enters the semen enriching channels, leading to various abnormal conditions.

शुक्रजननम् ( śukrajananam )

Semen-producing

शुक्रजननम् ( śukrajananam )

Semen-producing measure
A therapeutic measure for spermatogenesis.

शुक्रजननम् ( śukrajananam )

Treatment promoting semen production
Therapy or medicines with semen-forming properties (spermatogenesis).

शुक्रजन्यमूत्रकृच्छ्रम् ( śukrajanyamūtrakṛcchram )

Difficulty in urination due to vitiated semen
A disorder characterized by difficulty in passing urine; stiffness of scrotum; penile pain; pain in bladder region.

शुक्रधराकला ( śukradharākalā )

Sukra-bearing membrane

शुक्रधातुः ( śukradhātuḥ )

Reproductive fluids; semen
The seventh of the seven fundamental structural components. It is responsible for reproductive function, and is generally equated with reproductive cells (semen, ovum). It occurs in two forms: the first which pervades the entire body and the second which fertilizes the ovum.

शुक्रधातुगतज्वरः ( śukradhātugatajvaraḥ )

Fever due to vitiated seminal tissue
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: spermatorrhoea; death; death; persistent penile priapism; black-outs; impacts/damage to marmasthāna.

शुक्रधात्वग्निः ( śukradhātvagniḥ )

Metabolic factors located in semen
The transformative factor which converts bone marrow to reproductive fluids and semen .

शुक्रप्रसादनम् ( śukraprasādanam )

Semen-improving therapy
Therapy or medicines which normalize spermatogenesis and produce normal and healthy sperm.

शुक्रमेहः ( śukramehaḥ )

Polyuria disorder with semen-mixed urine
A disorder characterized by urine resembling semen; semenmixed urination; frequent micturition.

शुक्रलः ( śukralaḥ )

Promoting optimum semen quantity
The therapeutic action of a drug which increases semen.

शुक्रलः ( śukralaḥ )

Semen-increasing therapy
Therapy or medicines to increase the semen.

शुक्रवहस्रोतः ( śukravahasrotaḥ )

Channel carrying structural components of reproduction
The pathway for structural components of reproduction. Entities related to this channel are the testicles and penis.

शुक्रवहस्रोतोदुष्टिः ( shukravahasrotoduṣṭiḥ )

Vitiation of channels carrying semen
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: impotency, sterility, abortion and congenital deformities.

शुक्रवहस्रोतोविद्ध ( śukravahasrotoviddha )

Injury to the channels of the genital system
A disorder characterized by inability to perform the sexual act/ impotence; delayed ejaculation; blood-tinged semen.

शुक्रविकृतिः ( śukravikṛtiḥ )

Seminal abnormalities
Abnormal or pathological state of semen or sperm.

शुक्रविवर्धनम् ( śukravivardhanam )

Treatment increasing amount of semen
Therapy or medicines able to increase the amount of semen.

शुक्रवृद्धिः ( śukravṛddhiḥ )

Morbid increase of semen
A disorder characterized by seminal calculi/crystals; excessive ejaculation of semen; excessive desire for intercourse with women.

शुक्रवेगरोधः ( śukravegarodhaḥ )

Disorder due to withholding of ejaculation
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: penile pain; scrotal pain; generalized body aches; precordial pain/cardiac pain; obstruction to passage of urine/retention/oliguria; bladder swelling; anal swelling; scrotal swelling; pain in bladder; pain in anus; seminal calculi/ crystals; seminal discharge; swelling of genitals; fever; breaking type of pain in body; scrotal enlargement; impotence.

शुक्रवैषम्यम् ( śukravaiṣamyam )

Disproportion of semen
Changes in the normal quantity and quality of seminal tissue.

शुक्रशोधनम् ( śukraśodhanam )

Semen-purifying therapy
Therapy or medicines to purify the semen.

शुक्रशोधनम् ( śukraśodhanam )

Substances that cleanse or purify semen
A qualitative improvement of semen.

शुक्रशोधनम् ( śukraśodhanam )

Treatment improving quality of semen
Therapy or medicines with semen-purifying properties.

शुक्रसंवाहकः ( śukrasaṁvāhakaḥ )

Ejaculation-promoting therapy
Therapy or medicines to boost ejaculation.

शुक्रसारः ( śukra-sāraḥ )

Person with predominance or essence of semen
Characterized by features such as, gentleness; milky-looking eyes; enthusiasm; smooth and pleasant voice; large buttocks; strength; happiness; prosperity; health; wealth and many progeny.

शुक्रस्तम्भनिमित्तजक्लैब्यम् ( śukrastambhanimittajaklaibyam )

Obstruction to semen flow or formation
Decreased production of sperm in semen owing either to an obstructed ejaculatory tract or decreased motility.

शुक्रस्रुतिकरम् ( śukrasrutikaram )

Treatment stimulating ejaculation
Therapy or medicines promoting the ejaculation of semen.

शुक्रहरः, शुक्रघ्नम् ( śukraharaḥ, śukraghnam )

Substance that is harmful for semen production

शुक्राप्यायनम् ( śukrāpyāyanam )

Maintaining and promoting normal semen production
Therapeutic measures which maintain the normal production of sperm and semen.

शुक्राभिघातज-उदावर्तः ( śukrābhighātaja-udāvartaḥ )

Disorders of reversed or altered visceral movement due to suppression of ejaculation
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: pain in bladder; anal pain; scrotal pain; swelling in bladder; anal swelling; scrotal oedema; urinary retention; seminal calculi/crystals; premature ejaculation.

शुक्राश्मरी ( śukrāśmarī )

Urinary calculus due to crystallization of semen
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: dysuria; pain in urinary bladder or basti; swelling of scrotum; disappearing with passage of semen.

शुक्रोत्पादकः ( śukrotpādakaḥ )

Spermatogenic measure
A therapeutic action that generates semen and androgens.

शुक्रोपचयः ( śukropacayaḥ )

Semen qualityincreasing measure
Therapy or medicines with spermatogenesis-increasing potency.

शुक्लकृष्णसन्धिः ( śukla-kṛṣṇa-sandhiḥ )

Sclerocorneal junction

शुक्लमण्डलम्, श्वेतमण्डलम् ( śuklamaṇḍalam, śvetamaṇḍalam )

Sclera

शुक्लमेहः ( śuklamehaḥ )

Polyuria disorder with excessive whitish urine
A disorder characterized by elimination of floury whitish urine; increased urinary frequency.

शुक्लवर्गः, सुधावर्गः ( śuklavargaḥ, sudhāvargaḥ )

Group of whitecoloured substances
A group of whitish substances of mineral, plant and animal origin which contain natural calcium.

शुक्लार्म ( śuklārma )

Pinguecula
A disorder characterized by a soft muscular growth; whitish muscular growth; even muscular growth; gradual growth of tissue.

शुद्धव्रणः ( śuddhavraṇaḥ )

Clean ulcer
An ulcer resembling the tongue surface; excessively soft; glossy; and moist; mild or no pain; healing in the normal pattern; without any discharge; no tridosha signs or symptoms; bluish-coloured edges; nodular appearance of wound base; slightly raised mid-portion; slightly red-coloured; slightly pale-coloured; not having blackish discoulration; not overly raised; nondepressed base.

शुद्धिः ( śuddhiḥ )

Cleansing
Internal and external purifications.

शुष्काक्षिपाकः ( śuṣkākṣipākaḥ )

Xerophthalmia
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: closed eyelids; hard eyelids; closed hard dry eyelids; blurred vision; difficulties in opening eyes; rubbing friction; pricking pain; breaking type of pain; excessive discharge of rheum; difficulty in opening eyelids; difficulty in closing eyes; dryness of eyes; desire for cold; pain; inflammation/suppuration; burning eyelids.

शुष्कार्शः/लोहितार्शः ( śuṣkārśaḥ/ lohitārśaḥ )

Granuloma or polyp-like growth
A disorder characterized by long; rough; firm and troublesome bud-like projections; rough; stiffness of eyelids; occurring on inner side of eyelids

शूकधान्यवर्गः ( śūkadhānyavargaḥ )

Group of grains from grass seeds with awn
The group of grains derived from grass seeds having awn and spikes.

शूकरोगः ( śūkarogaḥ )

Complications of due to forced increase of penile size
A group of disorders developing due to a forced increase in the size of the penis using external measures.

शूर्पः ( śūrpaḥ )

Measure of weight approximately equal to 24 kg and 576 g
Measure of weight equal to 2048 karsha or 2 drona.

शूलः ( śūlaḥ )

Abdominal colic
A disorder characterized by pain in abdomen; painful expiration; afflicted with pain; severe pain as if pierced by a nail.

शूलप्रशमनम् ( śūlapraśamanam )

Anti-colic

शृङ्गाटकम् (मर्म) ( śrṛṅgāṭakam (marma)

Vulnerable location(s) at confluence of nose, ear, eye and tongue vessels
Four in number. Injury to this point leads to immediate death.

शेफसेवनी ( śephasevanī )

Frenulum of the penis

शोकः ( śokaḥ )

Grief, sorrow or misery
A state of affliction caused by various determinants (vibhava) such as the death of a loved person, loss of wealth or personal misfortune.

शोकजन्यराजयक्ष्मा ( śokajanyarājayakṣmā )

Consumption due to excessive grief
A disorder characterized by a constant thoughtful mood; flaccidity/laxity; pallor.

शोकजोन्मादः ( śokajonmādaḥ )

Psychosis due to grief
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a person irrelevantly describing imagined things; improper perception/unconsciousness; singing; laughing; crying suddenly; stupefaction due to improper perception; pallor/paleness; timidity or apathy; fainting repeatedly; weeping and making sounds such as “ha-ha”; dying; overestimating; mind disturbed by sorrow; thinking; alert; doing inappropriate acts.

शोणितजकृमिः/ रक्तजकृमिः [केशादः, रोमादः/ लोमादः, लोमविध्वंसः, लोमद्वीपः, सौरसः, औदुम्बरः] ( śoṇitajakṛmiḥ/ raktajakṛmiḥ [keśādaḥ, romādaḥ/ lomādaḥ, lomavidhvaṃsaḥ, lomadvīpaḥ saurasaḥ, audumbaraḥ,] )

Worm formed in blood and affecting blood vessels
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a bristling sense, paraesthesia at wound site or hyperaesthesia; itching, pain, and feeling of creeping/ crawling of worms at wound site; devouring of skin; devouring of vessels; devouring of tendons; devouring of muscle worms; devouring of cartilage; loss of hair; loss of moustache; loss of nails; loss of body hairs; loss of eyelashes; diseases of blood/ bloodborne diseases.

शोणितार्बुदः ( śoṇitārbudaḥ )

Boils with blackreddish blisters on the penis
A disorder characterized by blackish blisters; boil associated with blood; severe pain at the lesion site.

शोणितास्थापनकर्म ( śoṇitāsthāpanakarma )

Haemostatic measure
Therapeutic measures adopted to achieve haemostasis.

शोथहरः, शोथघ्नः, श्वयथुघ्नः, श्वयथुहरः ( śothaharaḥ, śothaghnaḥ, śvayathughnaḥ, śvayathuharaḥ )

Substance alleviating inflammation

शोधनकर्म (व्रणचिकित्सा) ( śodhanakarma (vraṇacikitsā)

Wound-cleansing measures
Therapeutic measures aimed at cleansing the wound and its periphery by applying medicines.

शोधनकवलः ( śodhanakavalaḥ )

Mouth gargle with cleansing property
A type of gargle with the property of removing morbid dosha.

शोधनगण्डू षः ( śodhanagaṇḍūṣaḥ )

Retention of medications with cleansing property in the oral cavity
Full mouth retention of liquid medications with the property of removing morbid dosha for a specific time.

शोधनधूमपानम् ( śodhanadhūmapānam )

Medicated smoking with cleansing effect
The procedure of medicated smoking to remove morbid dosha through the nasal and/or oral cavity.

शोधनम् ( śodhanam )

Processing raw ingredients to optimize safety and efficacy

शौर्यम् ( śauryam )

Valour

शौषिरः ( śauṣiraḥ )

Dental apical or root abscess
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: swelling of a tooth root; painful teeth; excessive salivation; itching sensation.

श्मश्रु ( śmaśru )

Beard and moustache

श्याव-वर्त्म ( śyāva-vartma )

Ecchymosis, haematoma of lid
A disorder characterized by the eyelid appearing blackish externally and internally; blackish on inside; swelling; associated with pain; burning sensation; itching; moistness.

श्यावदन्तकः ( śyāvadantakaḥ )

Discoloured, bluishblack tooth
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a tooth becoming permanently damaged; bluishness of teeth; blackishness of teeth.

श्रमश्वासवेगरोधः ( śramaśvāsavegarodhaḥ )

Disorder due to withholding of breath on exertion
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: palpable glandular enlargement in the abdomen/abdominal lump; heart diseases; unconsciousness/confusion.

श्रवणस्रोतस् ( śravaṇasrotas )

Ear cavity

श्रान्तपिपासितक्षुधितेषु वमनस्य व्यापदः ( śrāntapipāsitakṣudhiteṣu vamanasya vyāpadaḥ )

Condition caused by emetic therapy administered to person who is tired, thirsty and hungry
A condition characterized by mental damage.

श्रामार्तमत्तमूर्च्छितानाम नस्य व्यापदः ( śrāmārtamattamūrcchitānāma nasya vyāpadaḥ )

Condition due to inhalation therapy administered to person with fatigue; intoxication or syncope

श्रृङ्गावचरणम् ( śrṛṅgāvacaraṇam )

Bloodletting using horn
Bloodletting by means of an animal horn.

श्रोणिः ( śroṇiḥ )

Pelvis

श्रोणीकर्णः ( śroṇīkarṇaḥ )

Ala of the sacrum

श्रोणीप्रदेशः ( śroṇīpradeśaḥ )

Pelvic region

श्रोत्रेन्द्रियम् ( śrotrendriyam )

Auditory sense faculty
One of the sensory faculties : the faculty responsible for perception of sound or hearing.

श्लक्ष्णः ( ślakṣṇaḥ )

Smoothness, slipperiness
The quality of a substance which is responsible for smoothness.

श्लीपदः ( ślīpadaḥ )

Filariasis
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: painful swelling associated with fever; swelling usually affects the limbs; preponderantly the lower limbs with an origin in the groin and spreading to legs.

श्लेषककफः ( śleṣaka-kaphaḥ )

Lubricating kapha
Subtype of kapha seated in the joints which provides lubrication.

श्लेष्मजव्रणः ( śleṣmajavraṇaḥ )

Ulcer due to vitiated kapha
An ulcer characterized by constant severe itching; thick wound margins; covered with rigid membranous vessels and ligamentous tissue; rigid (base); pale appearance; mild pain; whitish discharge; dense copious discharge; cold discharge; excessive slimy discharge; feeling of heaviness; thick/dense discharge; mild pain; feeling of being wrapped in a wet cloth; mild soddening only; taking a long time to suppurate.

श्लेष्मधराकला ( śleṣmadharākalā )

Synovial membrane

श्लेष्मभुवः ( śleṣmabhuvaḥ )

The hard areas on both sides of the neck

श्लेष्मा-स्रावः ( śleṣmā-srāvaḥ )

White, sticky discharge from corners of eye
A disorder characterized by white-coloured discharge; thick discharge; slimy discharge; painless discharge; profuse discharge.

श्लेष्मा, कफ ( śleṣmā, kapha )

Kapha, doṣha responsible for cohesiveness
One of the three regulatory functional factors responsible for stability, unctuousness, lubrication, immunity and cohesion. The predominant basic elements in kapha are earth and water.

श्लैष्मिक-असृग्दरः ( ślaiṣmika-asṛgdaraḥ )

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding due to vitiated kapha
A gynaecological disorder characterized by slimy menses; pale coloured; heavy menstrual flow; unctuous; cold in nature; thick in consistancy; mild pain; vomiting; loss of taste; nausea; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; cough; discharge resembling semi-digested food mixed with gastric fluids; unctuous discharge resembling extract of śālmali; discharge resembling rice water.

श्लैष्मिक-लिङ्गनाशः ( ślaiṣmika-liṅganāśaḥ )

Mature cataract due to vitiated kapha
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: large-size cataracts; smooth/unctuous/oily; off-white colour resembling a conch; colour resembling a jasmine flower; colour resembling the moon; mandala widening when eyes are rubbed; loss of vision; mandala resembling a shining drop of water on a moving lotus leaf; pupil constricting on sunlight; pupil dilating in shade; whitish colour resembling a lotus; whitish colour resembling a quartz crystal.

श्लैष्मिकरक्तदुष्टिः ( ślaiṣmikaraktaduṣṭiḥ )

Blood vitiated by kapha
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: yellowish, white-coloured blood; slimy in nature; thready appearance of blood; blood with a thick consistency; blood resembling a solution of red ochre/gairika; blood of an unctuous nature; blood which is cold to touch; thick voluminous blood; blood which oozes for long time/ delayed coagulation; blood as thick as muscle fibres; blood coloured like a kovidara flower; blood which clots easily; blood which blocks a wound opening; blood with a salty taste; blood smelling of vasa.

श्वयथुः/शोथः/शोफः ( śvayathuḥ/ śothaḥ/ śophaḥ )

Oedema
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a feeling of heaviness; unstable/inconsistent/ shifting in nature; swelling; warmth; prominence of vessels; horripilation; discoloration; swelling between tvak and māṃsa.

श्वासः ( śvāsaḥ )

Dyspnoea
A disorder characterized by difficult and hurried respiration.

श्वासहरः ( śvāsaharaḥ )

Substance relieving dyspnoea

श्वित्रः ( śvitraḥ )

Vitiligo; skin disease with morbid white patches on skin
A skin disease characterized by patches of hypopigmented, white-coloured skin lesions; without discharge.

श्वेता ( śvetā )

Third layer of skin

षट् -यन्त्रप्रकारः ( ṣaṭ-yantraprakāraḥ )

Six types of blunt instruments
The sixfold classification of blunt surgical instruments.

षट्-पदार्थाः ( padārthāḥ )

Six ontological categories of an object
The object of experience is subdivided into six fundamental categories: generality (samanyam), particularity (vishesham), substance (dravyam), quality (gunaḥ), action (karma), and inherence (samavayaḥ).

षडङ्गम् ( ṣaḍaṅgam )

The six anatomical areas of the body
The six sections of the body comprise the four limbs, the trunk, and the head and neck region.

षड्रिपुः ( ṣaḍripuḥ )

Six internal enemies
Six mental attributes or inner faults that lead to bondage of the soul, namely: desire, anger, greed, delusion, arrogance and jealousy.

षड्विधपरीक्षा ( ṣaḍvidhaparīkṣā )

Six ways of clinical examination
Examination of a patient based on analysis of information acquired by the physician using his or her five senses and by interview.

षड्विधोपक्रमाः ( ṣaḍvidhopakramāḥ )

Six types of treatment modalities
A subdividing of therapeutic measures into six categories: br̥ ṁhaṇam, snehanam, stambhanam, laṁghanaṁ, svedanam and rūkṣaṇaṁ.

षष्ठमासगर्भः ( ṣaṣṭamamāsa-garbhaḥ )

Sixth month of pregnancy
This month is characterized by an excessive increase in foetal strength; an increase in foetal complexion; appearance of intellect; appearance of tendons; appearance of veins; appearance of body hair; appearance of nails; appearance of skin; the pregnant woman loses her strength and complexion.

षाडवः ( ṣāḍavaḥ )

Confectionery
Various type of preparations made of sweet, sour, and salty substances.

षाण्ढ्यकरः, पुम्स्त्वोपघातिन्, पुम्स्त्वनाशनः ( ṣāṇḍhyakaraḥ, puṃstvopaghātīn, puṃstvanāśanaḥ )

Substance inducing sterility

सक्तुः ( saktuḥ )

Toasted grain flour
A dietetic preparation made by adding sugar and water to the flour of roasted grains such as barley, wheat, Bengal gram or parched rice.

सक्थि ( sakthi )

Lower limb

सक्थिमर्म ( Sakthimarma )

Vulnerable location(s) in the lower limbs
Marma located in the lower limbs.

संख्या ( saṃkhyā )

Number, enumeration, tally
The quality that enables determination of amounts and calculations.

सग्रासम्, ग्रासम् ( sagrāsam, grāsam )

Administration of medicine with a morsel of food

संघातबलप्रवृत्तरोगः ( samghātabalapravṛttarogaḥ )

Traumatic physical injury
Diseases and conditions caused by trauma and injuries.

सङ्करस्वेदः ( saṅkarasvedaḥ )

Sweating induced by medicated bolus
A type of sudation therapy in which diaphoresis is achieved by external application of prewarmed medicine in bolus form, with or without a covering cloth.

सङ्कल्पः ( saṅkalpaḥ )

Evaluation
The process of assessing merits and demerits.

सङ्क्षिप्त: ( saṅkṣipta )

Lobuloplasty type 11
A type of lobuloplasty indicated when the pinna is atrophied, and one flap of the divided ear lobule is absent and the other one very small.

सङ्ख्यासम्प्राप्तिः ( saṅkhyāsamprāptiḥ )

Number of subtypes of pathogenesis
Number of pathogenesis subtypes characteristic of a disease or condition.

सङ्गः ( saṅgaḥ )

Body channel dysfunction involving obstruction
Obstruction of the body channels with restriction of movement; sometimes resulting in the formation of a collateral pathway.

संज्ञाप्रबोधनम् ( samjñāprabodhanam )

Reviving consciousness
Measures to revive a person from unconsciousness.

संज्ञास्थापनम् ( saṃjñāsthāpanam )

Substance restoring consciousness

संज्ञास्थापनम् (विषोपक्रम) ( saṁjñā-sthāpanam (viṣopakrama)

Resuscitation
Therapy or medicines administered to restore consciousness.

सञ्चयः ( sañcayaḥ )

Stage of a dosha increasing in its own location
The first stage of disease manifestation, when dosha increases in its own place or site.

सञ्चारस्थानम् ( sañcārasthānam )

Transit destinations of dosha
Spread or migration of vitiated dosha.

सततविषमज्वरः ( satataviṣamajvaraḥ )

Intermittent fever spiking twice daily
A disorder characterized by a fever spike twice every twenty-four hours

सत्त्वकायः ( sattvakāyaḥ )

Person with tranquil, harmonious temperament
The mental and physical characteristics of the person with a tranquil, harmonious temperament are purity, bravery and tolerance.

सत्त्वम् ( sattvam )

Tranquillity, harmony
Characterized by lightness, knowledge and enlightenment, it is a stable state of mind and does not vitiate the same.

सत्त्वसारः ( sattva-sāraḥ )

Person with predominance or essence of strong willpower
Characterized by features such as good memory; devotion; gratefulness; wisdom; pure in body thought words and deeds; great enthusiasm; erudition and knowledge; courage; valour in fighting; absence of sorrow; proper gait; depth of wisdom; relevance of activities; sincerity and virtuousness of acts.

सत्यबुद्धिः ( satyabuddhiḥ )

Perception of truth
State of self-realization of ultimate reality, which eliminates all worldly miseries and leads to liberation and the emergence of true knowledge in which the soul transcends the ego.

सत्वावजयचिकित्सा ( satvāvajayacikitsā )

Counselling and selfempowerment
Psychotherapy and counselling treatment by means of which the mind is supported to restrain itself from wrong preoccupations; treatment by which the mind and mental health are supported through talking therapy.

सद्यःक्षतघ्नम् ( sadyaḥkṣataghnam )

Substance healing fresh wounds

सद्यःप्राणहरमर्म ( sadyaḥprāṇaharamarma )

Vulnerable location(s) leading to imminent death
Marma which if injured may lead to death within a period of seven days.

सद्यस्नेहः ( sadyasnehaḥ )

Instant oleation
An unctuous substance administered internally which induces rapid oleation.

सद्योगर्भः ( sadyogarbhaḥ )

Early signs of conception
The characteristics of this state are exhaustion or fatigue; fatigue in mind and body; thirst; weakness or fatigue of the thighs; conjoining of ovum and sperm; quivering of vagina; retention of sperm and ovum in the vagina; satiety; heaviness; pulsating sensation; heart palpitations; drowsiness or lassitude; horripilation.

सद्योजातः/जातमात्रः ( sadyojāta/ jātamātraḥ )

Newborn
The neonate soon after birth.

सद्योजातशिशुपरिचर्या ( sadyojātaśiśuparicaryā )

Care of the newborn baby
Various procedures undertaken in neonatal care soon after birth.

सद्योव्रणः ( sadyovraṇaḥ )

Acute ulceration due to injury
An injury to living tissue caused by a cut; blow or other impact; typically, one in which the skin is cut or broken Types: incised or surgical wound; stab injury or wound; puncture wound; lacerated wound; contused wound; abrasion.

सद्वृत्तम् ( sadvṛttam )

Harmonious way of living

सद्हेतु ( sadhetu )

Cause or variable, independent variable
A cause possessing all formal characteristics which allow it to act as a sufficient reason for the inference of its marked object; the independent variable influencing the dependent variable.

सन्ततविषमज्वरः ( santataviṣamajvaraḥ )

Continuous fever
A disorder characterized by continuous fever without a break.

सन्तर्पणम् ( santarpaṇam )

Nourishing therapy
A procedure of disease alleviation by nourishment of bodily tissues.

सन्दंशयन्त्रम् ( sandaṃśayantram )

Forceps
Forceps with or without catchlocks used in surgical and parasurgical procedures such as extraction of foreign bodies from the skin, muscles, veins and nerves.

सन्धानकरः ( sandhānakaraḥ )

Tissue-binding, union-promoting
Substance aiding in fracture union or wound healing.

सन्धानकर्म ( sandhānakarma )

Procedure for wound healing and closing (unification)
Therapeutic approximation of wound margins; a type of haemostatic procedure.

सन्धानम् ( sandhānam )

Fermentation

सन्धानम् ( sandhānam )

Haemostasis by applying sutures or pressure bandage
A method of haemostasis based on pressure and containment.

सन्धानीय ( sandhānīya )

Tissue-binding, union-promoting

सन्धायसंभाषा ( sandhāyasaṃbhāṣā )

Productive debate

सन्धिः ( sandhiḥ )

Joint, articulation

सन्धिगत-शल्यः ( sandhigata-śalyaḥ )

Foreign body in the joints
A disorder due to presence of foreign body in the joints; characterized by loss of joint functions; inability to perform flexion/extension movements.

सन्धिगतवातः ( sandhigatavātaḥ )

Aggravation of vata in joints
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: swelling as if filled with air on palpation; swelling in joints; flexion and extension of joints with pain; joint pain; loss of joint mobility.

सन्धिमर्म ( sandhimarma )

Vulnerable location(s) in which the main structural component is joint
Marma where joints are structurally prominent.

सन्धिलेपनम् ( sandhilēpanam )

Sealing of vessel joint
Sealing of the vessel containing the processed substance, usually with a paste of clay and cloth.

सन्निकर्षः ( sannikarṣaḥ )

Contact
The process in which the object of cognitive organ(s) (indriyartha),cognitive organ (indriya), mind (manas) and soul (atma) acquire direct perception of an object.

सन्निकृष्टहेतुः ( sannikṛṣṭahetuḥ )

Proximate cause
A cause from which a disease or condition results as a direct and uninterrupted consequence, e.g. a dry or astringent diet is the proximate cause of fever due to the predominance of vata.

सन्निपातः ( sannipātaḥ )

Coexistence of aggravated three dosha
Simultaneous or stagewise involvement of all three aggravated dosha in the pathogenesis of a disease.

सन्निपातज-अपस्मारः ( sannipātaja-apasmāraḥ )

Epilepsy due to vitiated tridosha
A disorder characterized by clinical features of all three types.

सन्निपातज-अरोचकः ( sannipātaja-arocakaḥ )

Anorexia due to vitiated tridosha
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: clinical features of all types of arocaka; loss of taste/altered taste, not just one type of taste; different types of pain.

सन्निपातज-उदररोगः ( sannipātaja-udararogaḥ )

Abdominal enlargement due to vitiated tridosha
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: nails of different colours; eyes of different colours; different colours appear on face; urine of different colours; skin of different colours; faeces of different colours; abdominal linings of different colours; veins over abdomen of different colours; aggravation of features on cold and windy days; aggravation of features on cloudy days; burning sensation; constant syncope/fainting; pallor/pale; emaciated/ thin/malnourished; dryness due to thirst; severe form of disease; dreadful; quickly leading to ascites or jalodara.

सन्निपातज-उपदंशः ( sannipātaja-upadaṃśaḥ )

Sexually transmitted penile inflammation due to vitiated tridosha
A disease characterized by clinical features of all types of dosha; cracking of penile skin; appearance of kṛmi; scrotal oedema; severe pain; rapidly suppurating; discharge of various colours; pain of different types; death.

सन्निपातज-ओष्ठप्रकोपः ( sannipātajaoṣṭhaprakopaḥ )

Disorders of lip due to vitiated tridosha, aphthous ulcer
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: clinical features of all types of dosha; occasionally black lesions; occasionally yellow lesions occasionally whitish lesions; multiple nodules; nodules of various colors; foul-smelling discharge; slimy nodule; suddenly dry nodule; oedematous lips; painful lips; invariably ripening nodule.

सन्निपातज-प्रतिश्यायः ( sannipātaja-pratiśyāyaḥ )

Rhinitis due to vitiated tridosha
A disorder characterized by repeated/intermittent reoccurrences, disappearing suddenly with or without undergoing inflammation. स्नान-वैषम्यम्

सन्निपातज-योनिरोगः ( sannipātaja-yonirogaḥ )

Vaginal disease due to vitiated tridosha
A gynaecological disorder characterized by mixed features; burning pain; colicky pain; whitish discharge; slimy menstrual flow; clinical features of all types of dosha; complications.

सन्निपातज-शिरोरोगः ( sannipātaja-śirorogaḥ )

Headache due to vitiated tridosha
Headache characterized by pain; giddiness or dizziness; shaking of head; burning sensation; intoxication; thirst; heaviness; drowsiness/lassitude; all symptoms seen/complete expression of disease symptoms.

सन्निपातजकर्णरोगः/ सान्निपातिककर्णशूलम् ( sannipātajakarṇarogaḥ/ sānnipātikakarṇaśūlam )

Ear disorder due to vitiated tridosha, complicated otalgia
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: discharge according to the predominant dosha; clinical features of all types of dosha; alternating preference for hot and cold; impaired hearing; associated with swelling; fever; severe pain; exudation of white discharge after suppuration; exudation of blackish discharge after suppuration; exudation of bloody discharge after suppuration; exudation of thick discharge after suppuration.

सन्निपातजक्षीरदोषः ( sannipātajakṣīradoṣaḥ )

Breast milk vitiated by tridosha

सन्निपातजगुल्मः ( sannipātajagulmaḥ )

Lumps or growths due to vitiated tridosha
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: clinical features of all three dosha; clinical features of all types of gulma; severe/excruciating pain; associated with severe burning sensation; stony compactness; stony elevation; quick sloughing; severity; reduced body strength; reduced intellectual strength; reduced strength of agni; thick, raised, dense lesion, suppurating quickly.

सन्निपातजग्रहणीरोग ( sannipātaja grahaṇīroga )

Chronic diarrhoea with malabsorption of nutrients due to vitiated tridosha
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: indigestion; defecation of blue, yellowcoloured stools; defecation of yellow-coloured stools; stools liquid in nature; putrid eructations; sour belching/eructations; burning sensation in the precordial/cardiac region; burning sensation in the throat; loss of taste; thirst.

सन्निपातजछर्दिः ( sannipātajachardiḥ )

Vomiting due to vitiated tridosha
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: colicky pain in abdomen; indigestion; loss of taste; burning sensation; thirst; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; fainting/severe confusion; forceful vomiting; continuous vomiting; vomitus salty in taste; sour vomiting; blue-coloured vomitus; thick vomitus; vomitus hot in nature; vomitus with blood; signs/symptoms of all types of chardi.

सन्निपातजज्वरः ( sannipātajajvaraḥ )

Fever due to vitiated tridosha
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: all the clinical features mentioned above; a fluctuating feeling of burning and coldness; tinnitus; otalgia; cough; non-emaciation; dumbness/aphasia; heaviness of abdomen; insomnia; giddiness or dizziness; breathlessness/ difficulty in breathing; drowsiness/lassitude; numbness of body; loss of taste; thirst; confusion/delirium; intoxication; rigidity/stiffness; burning sensation; feeling of cold/chills; precordial pain/cardiac pain; delayed suppuration of dosha; insanity; brown-reddish teeth; roughness of tongue; blackishness of tongue; pain in joints; headache; bone pains; curved/stooping of eyes; turbid eyes; tinnitus; otalgia; excessive talking/irrelevant speech/incoherent speech; inflammation in srotasa; constant cooing sound from throat; loss of consciousness; minimal sweating; diminished micturition/oliguria; decreased defecation; prolonged sweating; micturition after a long time; defecation after a long time; repeated burning sensation; repeated cold/chills; excessive daytime sleep; sleeplessness at night; constant sleepiness; sleeeplessness; severe perspiration; anhidrosis/ lack of sweating; perverted singing/dancing/laughing; watery eyes/eyes filled with tears; turbid eyes; reddish-coloured eyes; curved/stooping of eyes; eyes with shaking/trembling eyelids; pain in calf muscles; pain in sides of chest/flanks; severe headache; pain in small joints; pain in bones; sensation in the throat as if full of bristles; tongue looks as if burnt; roughness of tongue; heaviness of body; flaccidity/ laxity; loose joints; spitting of blood; spitting of pitta; spitting of kapha; wagging of head; appearance of kotha; appearance of reddish brown circular patches; appearance of reddish circular patches; obstruction to passage of faeces; scanty faeces; excessive defecation; unctuous face; diminution of physical strength; loss of voice.

सन्निपातजनाडीव्रणः ( sannipātajanāḍīvraṇaḥ )

Deep ulcer with fistula formation due to vitiated dosha
A sinus ulcer characterized by a burning sensation; fever; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; syncope or swooning; dryness of mouth; fatal; like the night of death.

सन्निपातजनासार्शः ( sannipātajanāsārśaḥ )

Nasal polyp due to vitiated tridosha

सन्निपातजपाण्डुरोगः ( sannipātajapāṇḍurogaḥ )

Anaemic syndrome due to vitiated tridosha

सन्निपातजमूर्च्छा ( sannipātajamūrcchā )

Syncope due to vitiated tridosha
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: clinical features of all three types of dosha; fainting resembling an epileptic fit; falling down suddenly without a hideous manifestation.

सन्निपातजयोनिकन्दः ( sannipātajayonikandaḥ )

Round-shaped abscess in vagina due to vitiated tridosha
A gynaecological disorder characterized by clinical features of all types of vitiated dosas in yonikanda.

सन्निपातजरोहिणी ( sannipātajarohiṇī )

Diphtheria due to vitiated tridosha
A disorder characterized by deep-seated suppuration; of uncontrollable progress or nature; clinical features of all types of dosha.

सन्निपातजविद्रधिः ( sannipātajavidradhiḥ )

Abscess due to vitiated tridosha
A type of abscess characterized by a swelling of variegated colours; various types of pain; associated with varied discharges; markedly raised; uneven and extensive; irregular nature; broad/extensive; suppurating irregularly; mixed features.

सन्निपातजविसर्पः ( sannipātajavisarpaḥ )

Erysipelas, spreading cellulitis due to vitiated tridosha
Cellulitis characterized by symptoms of all the three dosas with a high rate of fatality

सन्निपातजविस्फोटकः ( sannipātajavisphoṭakaḥ )

Bullous eruptions due to vitiated tridosha

सन्निपातजव्रणशोफः ( sannipātajavraṇaśophaḥ )

Pre-ulcerative inflammation due to vitiated tridosha
A condition characterized by a reddish swelling; soft oedema; roughly indurated swelling; nonfixed/movable swelling; soft oedema; hard swelling; unctuous swelling; cold swelling; suppuration without delay; suppuration taking a long time; pricking pain; breaking pain; cutting type of pain; burning sensation; severe burning sensation; smoky/fuming sensation; itching; heaviness; numbness.

सन्निपातजशोफः ( sannipātajaśophaḥ )

A disorder characterized by various colours on the nails; stretch marks; varied colours on the abdomen and other body parts.
ITA-5.44.6

सन्निपातजहृद्रोगः ( sannipātajahṛdrogaḥ )

Heart disease due to vitiated tridosha
A disorder characterized by clinical features of different types of dosha-predominant heart disorders.

सन्निपातजार्शः ( sannipātajārśaḥ )

Haemorrhoids due to vitiated tridosha
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a hard polyp at the anus; polyp of dry nature; polyp of various sizes; severe pain; convulsive movements; pricking pain; pulsating sensation; anal region hyperaesthesia; relief with unctuous treatment; relief with hot treatment; abdominal distension; penile stiffness; scrotal stiffness; stiffness of urinary bladder or basti; stiffness of groin region; excessive stiffness of cardiac region; severe body aches; heart palpitations; constant suppression of flatus; constant suppression of urine; pain in thighs; low back pain; pain in sacroiliac region; pain in sides of chest/flanks; pain in abdomen; pain in urinary bladder or basti; burning sensation in the head; cold catarrh; cough; upward movement of vata due to obstruction; stretching of body; dryness/wasting/ emaciation; oedema; syncope or swooning; loss of taste; dysgeusia/loss of taste; errors of refraction/partial blindness; itching; nasal pain; earache; pain in temporal region; suppression of voice; dark-coloured nails; dark-coloured eyes; dark-coloured face; dark-coloured skin; dark-coloured urine; dark-coloured faeces; slightly reddish-coloured nails; slightly reddish-coloured eyes; slightly reddish-coloured face; slightly reddish-coloured skin; slightly reddish-coloured urine; slightly reddish-coloured faeces; rough nails; roughness of eyes; roughness of mouth/face; rough/dry skin; roughness of urine; roughness of faeces; dry anal sprouts; reddish anal sprouts; discoloured anal sprouts; anal sprouts with irregular growth; tubular anal sprouts; flowerbud-sized anal sprouts; anal sprouts resembling sharp needles; painful defecation; defecation of hard stools; penile pain; proctalgia; pain in umbilical region; dissimilar appearances in different haemorrhoid masses; dry anal sprouts; anal sprouts with a tingling sensation; dirty looking anal sprouts; blackish anal sprouts; reddish anal sprouts; noncompressible haemorrhoids; clear anal sprouts; rough anal sprouts; rough peduncle in perianal region; twisted; sharp tipped; cracked; opened-mouthed; resembling the bimbi fruit; resembling the kharjūra fruit; resembling the karkandhu fruit; resembling the karpasi fruit; resembling the kadamba flower; resembling siddhārthaka; severe pain in head; severe pain in sides; pain in scapular regions; pain in waist; severe pain in thighs; pain in groin region; sneezing; eructations; constipation/abdominal fullness; constricting pain in cardiac region; loss of taste; cough; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; impairment of agni; tinnitus; giddiness or dizziness; scybalous faeces; faeces in small amounts; stool with production of sound; stool passed with griping; stool passed with pain; stool passed with froth; mucilaginous stool passage; impacted stool; blackish discoloration of skin; blackish discoloration of nails; blackish discoloration of faeces; blackish disoloration of urine; blackish discoloration of eyes; blackish discoloration of faeces; blackish discoloration of teeth; raising suspicion of gulma; raising suspicion of splenomegaly; raising suspicion of ascites; raising suspicion of prostatic enlargement; irregular centre; about cotton-plant size.

सन्निपातजोन्मादः ( sannipātajonmādaḥ )

Psychosis due to vitiated tridosha
A disorder characterized by clinical features common to all three types.

सन्निपातमूत्रकृच्छ्रम् ( sannipātamūtrakṛcchram )

Difficulty in urination due to vitiated tridosha
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: clinical features of all types of dosha; burning sensation; cold/chills; pain; urine of different colours; frequent micturition; distress; difficulty in micturition.

सन्निपातिक-असृग्दरः (रक्तप्रदरः) ( sannipātika-asṛgdaraḥ (raktapradaraḥ) )

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding due to vitiated tridosha
A gynaecological disorder characterized by symptoms of all three dosha; discharge resembling honey in colour; ghṛta-like discharge; discharge resembling haritala in colour; bone marrow-like discharge; menstrual blood with a cadaveric smell.

सन्निपातिकरक्तपित्तम् ( sannipātikaraktapittam )

Haemorrhage due to vitiated tridosha
A disorder characterized by the mixed symptoms of all types of raktapitta.

सन्निरुद्धगुदः ( sanniruddhagudaḥ )

Anal stenosis
A disorder characterized by difficulty in defecation; narrowed anal opening.

संन्यासः ( saṃnyāsaḥ )

Coma
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: falling like a log of dead wood; loss of life if not treated early/or if emergency treatment support withdrawn.

सपक्षः ( sapakṣaḥ )

Context in which a cause-and-effect relationship is affirmed
Figuratively, an accommodating context or environment.

सपिण्डिकः ( sapiṇḍikaḥ )

Fritter-like preparation with sweet honey stuffing
A preparation similar to a fritter with sweet stuffing in which honey is additionally mixed and prepared in bolus form.

सप्तममासगर्भः ( saptamamāsa-garbhaḥ )

Seventh month of pregnancy
This month is characterized by nourishment of all foetal elements; fatigue of the pregnant woman; complete foetal development; clear manifestation of all body parts and organs; full formation of body parts.

समवायः ( samavāyaḥ )

Inherence
Coexistence or concomitance, an intimate and constant relation between the whole and its parts or the basic elements (mahabhuta) and their qualities.

समवायिकारणम् ( samavāyikāraṇam )

Inherent cause
Of the three types of cause (karana), inherent cause is the most essential: it denotes the causal substrate or substance in which an effect occurs (through inherence).

समशनम् ( The consumption of wholesome and unwholesome foods at the samaśanam same time, e.g. intake of green gram (considered wholesome) and black gram (considered unwholesome). )

Combining wholesome and unwholesome foods

समाग्निः ( samāgniḥ )

Normal state of digestive, metabolic factors
A state in which the action of transformative factor is normal due to all three dosha being in functional balance.

समानः ( samānaḥ )

Kindling vata
Subtype of vata seated at the navel (between stomach and intestines) and close to digestive fire: it is responsible for metabolism and transformation.

समानप्रत्ययारब्धद्रव्यः ( samānapratyayārabdhadravyaḥ )

Substance with properties aligned to the five basic elements in its composition
Substance with properties aligned to the five basic elements in its composition as deducted from its perceivable attributes such as taste and qualities. Although barley and wheat possess the properties of sweetness and heaviness (which ideally should alleviate vata), wheat alleviates vata while barley aggravates it. In this instance, wheat is an example of a substance with properties aligned to the five basic elements in its composition.

समानवातकोपः ( samānavātakopaḥ )

Aggravation of kindling vata
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: palpable glandular enlargement in abdomen/ abdominal lump; diminution of digestive fire; diarrhoea; colicky pain in abdomen; structural and functional impairment of duodenum; diseases of or originating in distal gastrointestinal tract; diseases of or originating in stomach.

समाहितयन्त्रः ( samāhitayantraḥ )

Ideal blunt instruments
Instruments which have the ideal qualities making them suitable for their respective purposes.

समुच्चयः ( samuccayaḥ )

Enlisting one by one
A phrase or paragraph in which things with common characteristics are grouped together and enumerated.

संमूढपिडका ( saṃmūḍhapiḍakā )

Vesicles due to excessive friction on the skin of the penis
A disorder characterized by papules/eruptions on the penis.

सम्प्राप्तिः, जातिः, आगतिः ( samprāptiḥ, jātiḥ, āgatiḥ )

Evolution or natural course of disease
The sequence of events from etiology to manifestation of a disease, which is classified into six stages.

सम्प्राप्तिभेदः ( samprāptibhedaḥ )

Classification of pathogenesis

सम्भवः ( sambhavaḥ )

Statement indicating a source
A statement specifying when and where an event occurred.

सम्मोहः ( sammohaḥ )

Delusion
A mental state characterized by infatuation or being led astray.

सम्यक् -दग्धः ( samyak-dagdhaḥ )

Proper cauterization
A superficial burn lesion bearing the colour of the ripe fruit of Borassus flabellifer (tala-phala).

सम्यग्रूढव्रणः ( samyagrūḍhavraṇaḥ )

Properly healed ulcer
An ulcer characterized by healed edges; no indurated swelling; nonoedematous ulcer; painless ulcer; ulcer of same colour as skin; level with skin.

संयोगः ( saṃyogaḥ )

Combination
A combination or amalgam of two or more substances.

सरः ( saraḥ )

Instability, mobility
The quality of a substance which is responsible for stimulation and mobility (preraṇa), and which governs normal movements such as peristalsis.

सर्पकायः ( sarpakāyaḥ )

Person with The characteristics of the person with a simultaneously brave simultaneously brave and timid temperament are strength or sharpness of action, and timid temperament laboriousness, cowardice, angriness, deceptiveness, and quickness of action and behaviour.

सर्पिः (व्रणचिकित्सा) ( sarpiḥ (vraṇacikitsā)

Application of medicated ghee for wound management
Topical application of medicated ghee to a wound.

सर्वसरमुखरोगः ( sarvasaramukharogaḥ )

Global oral cavity disorder Disorders of the ear

सर्वसारः, ओजस्सारः ( sarva-sāraḥ, oja-sāraḥ )

Characterized by features such as strength; happiness; ability to tolerate suffering; self-confidence in all undertakings; sincerity and virtuousness in acts; firm, well-built body; correct gait; melodious, soft and pleasant voice; attainment of happiness, prosperity, wealth and longevity; having many progeny and resistant to diseases.

सर्वाङ्गः ( sarvāṅgaḥ )

Whole body

सर्वाङ्गवातः/सर्वाङ्गरोगः ( sarvāṅgavātaḥ/ sarvāṅgarogaḥ )

Paraparesis
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: flickering/twitching of various parts of body; bursting type of pain in joints; feeling as if limbs are being broken; severe pain; pricking pain; breaking type of pain; pulsating sensation; stiffening of body; convulsions; joint contraction; joint trembling.

सर्वाङ्गाभिहतः ( sarvāṅgābhighataḥ )

Multiorgan injuries

सर्वोपघातशमनीयरसायनम् ( sarvopaghātaśamanīyarasāyanam )

Rejuvenation therapy for pacifying all ailments
Rejuvenation therapy in its broad aspects as a curative for all ailments.

सर्षपिका ( sarṣapikā )

Boils resembling white mustard seeds on the penis
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: boils resembling white mustard seeds; eruptions resembling white mustard seeds in shape and size; thick and firm lesion; mustard seed-sized boil.

सर्षपिका-प्रमेहपिडका ( sarṣapikāpramehapiḍakā )

Carbuncle characterized by lesions resembling white mustard seeds
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a not very big boil suppurating quickly; very painful; resembling a heap of white mustard seedsized eruptions.

संवत्सरः ( saṃvatsaraḥ )

Time equivalent to one year
Time equal to two ayana.

संवरणी ( saṃvaraṇī )

Intermediate rectal fold
One of the transverse folds of the rectum or plicae recti.

सवर्णकरणम् (व्रणचिकित्सा) ( savarṇakaraṇam (vraṇacikitsā) )

Normalizing scar with skin colour
A procedure to modify scar colour so that it blends with surrounding skin.

संवाहनम् ( saṁvāhanam )

Gentle massage
A massage procedure involving light pressure.

सविकल्पकम् ( savikalpakam )

Determinate perception
Direct perception, observation with specific details of the cognitive process.

सविष-जलौकादष्टः ( saviṣa-jalaukādaṣṭaḥ )

Poisonous leech bite
Poisoning characterized by itching; oedema; fever; syncope or swooning.

सविष-मत्स्यदष्टः ( saviṣa-matsyadaṣṭaḥ )

Contact with or consumption of poisonous fish
Poisoning characterized by burning sensation; swelling at the site; pain in situ.

संवृतदन्तः ( saṃvṛtadantaḥ )

A kind of abnormal dentition
An abnormal type of dentition which is prone to early decay.

संवॄत कोष्ठ वमनस्य व्यपदः ( samvṝta koṣṭha vamanasya vyapadaḥ )

Condition caused by emetic therapy administered to person whose gut is occluded
A condition characterized by erysipelas; rigidity/stiffness; dullness/frigidity/inactivity; mental perversion; death.

सव्रणशुक्रः/क्षतशुक्लः ( savraṇaśukraḥ/ kṣataśuklaḥ )

Corneal ulcer
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a depression ulcer of the cornea; feeling of being pierced by needle; profuse warm discharge; severe pain; pricking pain; tear secretion; reddish discoloration of eyes; resembling ripe jambū fruits; slightly depressed.

संशमन-कर्म ( saṃśamana-karma )

Palliative action
A drug which neither eliminates aggravated doṣha nor aggravates normal dosha but restores irregular dosha to normalcy.

संशमनम् ( saṁśamanam )

Conservative therapy
Therapy which aims to mitigate the disease by pacifying dosha (in contrast to purifying therapies, which remove dosha from the body).

संशयः ( saṃśayaḥ )

Inconclusive statement
An indefinite statement which leaves its ultimate conclusion in doubt.

सशल्यव्रणः ( saśalyavraṇaḥ )

Ulcer with foreign body.
A wound characterized by a pricking sensation; numbness; heaviness; excessive sensation of being struck; oedema; severe pain; patient always protecting the affected part.

संशोधनकर्म, शोधनकर्म, शोधन चिकित्सा ( saṁśodhanakarma, śodhanakarma, śodhana cikitsa )

Cleansing therapy
Treatment modality based on the principle of removing vitiated doṣa.

संशोधनार्हः ( saṁśodhanārhaḥ )

Patient fit for cleansing threrapy
Patient who has no contraindications and is fit to undergo cleansing therapy.

सशोफपाकः ( saśophapākaḥ )

Panophthalmitis
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: itching of the eyes; rheum; associated with watering; eyes resembling ripe udumbara; burning sensation; gooseflesh-like feeling in eyes; coppery discoloration; oedema; pricking type of pain; heaviness; repeated discharge; frequent hot tear secretion; frequent cold tear secretion; swelling of eyes; inflammation/suppuration of eyes; severe pain; spitting/excessive expectoration; frequent clear tear secretion; frequent slimy tear secretion; frequent thin tear secretion; frequent thick tear secretion.

संसर्ग ( saṃsarga )

Disease caused by more than one dosha
A disease or condition caused by the combination of two dosha.

संसर्गजरोगः ( samsargajarogaḥ )

Contagious diseases
Diseases and conditions that arise in individuals and are transmitted by close contact with other persons affected by diseases such as leprosy and conjunctivitis.

संसर्जनक्रमः ( saṁsarjana-kramaḥ )

Posttherapy dietary regimen for revival of digestion
The dietary regimen for restoration of agni after cleansing therapy .

संस्कारः ( saṃskāraḥ )

Alteration of properties
The quality of being able to induce a change or transformation in the original properties of any substance.

संस्कारः ( saṁskāraḥ )

Medical sociospiritual rituals, ceremonies
The rituals and ceremonies performed at various junctures in a lifetime which indicate major milestones or rites of passage.

संस्कृतलाजमण्डः ( saṃskṛtalājamaṇḍaḥ )

Processed liquid portion of parched grain gruel
The liquid portion of parched grain gruel which is processed with oil or ghee, and spices.

सस्यकः/तुत्थः ( sasyakaḥ/tutthaḥ )

Bornite and peacock ore
Bornite and peacock ore have the chemical composition Cu3FeS4 and Cu5FeS4 respectively; copper sulfate is also known as tutthaḥ. In calcinated form tuttha is used as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral formulations.

सहजबलम् ( sahaja-balam )

Innate strength
Innate strength or immunity present since birth.

सहजार्शः ( sahajārśaḥ )

Congenital haemorrhoids
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: tender anal sprouts; tenderness in anal sprouts; perspiring; wet; bluish tips; reddish coloration; yellowish-coloured haemorrhoidal mass; blackish-coloured anal sprouts; thin sanguinous discharge; yellowish discharge; haemorrhoidal mass with blood discharge; with blood flow; itching; pain; pricking type of pain; relief with cold; faeces in large quantity; excessive urination/polyuria; black-outs; unconsciousness/confusion; aversion to food; bluish tips; spreading; yellowish; diarrhoea with blood; yellowish teeth; foul odour; few in number; soft haemorrhoidal mass; elongated/lax; resembling a parrot’s tongue; resembling a piece of liver; resembling a leech’s mouth; burning sensation; inflammation/suppuration; fever; perspiration; thirst; syncope or swooning; loss of taste; confusion/delirium; hot; stools liquid in nature; bluish stool; hot stools; yellowish stools; passage of unformed. faeces; stools with blood; barleyshaped in the middle; green coloration of skin and nails; green-coloured urine; green-coloured eyes; green coloration of face; yellowishness of skin; yellowish nails; yellowish stools; yellowish urine; yellowish eyes; yellow coloration of face; yellow-coloured skin; yellow-coloured nail; yellowcoloured faeces; yellowish discoloration of urine; yellowcoloured eyes; yellow-coloured face; anal sprouts smelling of raw meat; passage of unformed faeces.

साक्षी ( sākṣī )

Witness of all actions
The soul (atma) not actively participating in any action but performing the duty of a witness.

साग्नि-उपनाहस्वेदः ( sāgni-upanāhasvedaḥ )

Sweating induced by application of a medicated herbal paste or powder
Sudation achieved with the application of a prewarmed paste.

सात्म्यम् ( sātmyam )

Agreeable to nature or natural constitution
Agreeable to nature or natural constitution; excellence or abundance of suitable qualities: food that is fully compatible with the individual and which is completely digested and accepted by the body.

साधकपित्तम् ( sādhakapittam )

Pitta for intellect
Subtype of pitta seated in the heart which is responsible for driving the higher mental functions involving decisions and actions for accomplishments.

साधन ( sādhana )

Independent variable
Another term for the independent variable.

साधनम् ( sādhanam )

Treatment instrument
Tool or means by which a disease is cured, and health restored. Synonym of treatment.

साधारणरसः ( sādhāraṇarasaḥ )

Group of supplement- A group of mineral substances which serve a supplementary ary mineral substances role in the processing of mercury: kampillakaḥ, gaurīpāṣāṇam, narasāraḥ/navasādaraḥ, kapardakaḥ, vahnijāraḥ, girisindūraḥ, hiṅgulam and mṛddāraśrṛṃgaḥ.

साध्य ( sādhya )

Dependent variable
The effect or dependent variable influenced by the independent variable.

साध्यरोगः ( sādhyarogaḥ )

Diseases that are treatable
Diseases and conditions with a good prognosis.

साध्यासाध्यता ( sādhyāsādhyatā )

Prognosis
The classification of diseases based on their prognosis as either curable or incurable.

सानुबाधनम् ( sānubādhanam )

Detrimental to health in the long term
One of the two types of hazardous substance which give rise to disease, e.g. long-term adoption of incompatible food and unhealthy practices.

सान्द्रः ( sāndraḥ )

Density, viscidity
The quality of a substance which is responsible for density.

सान्द्रप्रसादमेहः ( sāndraprasādamehaḥ )

Polyuria disorder with dense and clear urine (belluria)
A disorder characterized by urine separating on sedimentation into a transparent and a turbid moiety.

सान्द्रमेहः ( sāndramehaḥ )

Polyuria disorder with high density urine (chyluria)
A disorder characterized by urine which when kept overnight undergoes sedimentation; turbid urination; thick coarse urine.

सान्निपातिक-दन्तनाडी ( sānnipātika-dantanāḍī )

Alveolar sinus due to tridosha, complicated sinus
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a burning sensation; fever; breathlessness/ difficulty in breathing; syncope or swooning; dryness of mouth.

सान्निपातिक-लिङ्गनाशः ( sānnipātika-liṅganāśaḥ )

Mature cataract due to vitiated tridosha
A disorder characterized by a multicoloured cataract.

सान्निपातिकरक्तदुष्टिः ( sānnipātikaraktaduṣṭiḥ )

Blood vitiated by tridosha
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: gruel-coloured blood; blood with a very bad odour; coppery, blue-coloured blood; impure blood; turbid blood.

सान्निपातिकशूलः ( sānnipātikaśūlaḥ )

Abdominal colic due to vitiated tridosha
A disorder characterized by clinical features of all types of doṣa in śūla.

सामदोषः ( sāmadoṣaḥ )

Dosha associated with ama
Dosha associated with ama undergoes qualitative and functional alterations and becomes capable of giving rise to diseases.

साममलः ( sāmamalaḥ )

Excretory products associated with incomplete digestion, transformation or metabolism
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: obstruction in srotas or channels; diminution of physical strength; heaviness; suppression of movements of vata; lethargy; indigestion; spitting; obstruction of faecal passage; loss of taste; exhaustion without exertion.

सामान्यजविकारः ( sāmānyajavikāraḥ )

Disease caused by one or more dosha
A disease or condition of generic etiology, i.e. due to derangement of one or more dosha.

सामान्यपूर्वरूपम् ( sāmānyapūrvarūpam )

General prodrome
General premonitory symptoms. The term also denotes those premonitory symptoms which may indicate the impending disease or condition without providing any information about dosha predominance.

सामान्यम् ( sāmānyam )

Generality, shared feature
Denotes the universal or class-essence. The principle of similarity may identify a commonality among different substances, qualities and actions.

सामुद्गदन्तः ( sāmudgadantaḥ )

A kind of abnormal dentition
An abnormal type of dentition which is prone to early loss.

सामुद्गम् ( sāmudgam )

Administration of medicine immediately before and after meals

सामुद्गसन्धिः ( sāmudgasandhiḥ )

Box-like joint

सामुद्रजलम् ( sāmudrajalam )

Surface water
Surface water which is very prone to contamination with dust, soot, toxic substances, and other environmental impurities.

सामुद्रलवणम् ( sāmudralavaṇam )

Sea salt
Sodium chloride (NaCl)

सारः ( sāraḥ )

Predominance of a particular fundamental structural component in a person

सार-विषः ( sāra-viṣaḥ )

Poisonous resinous exudates
Poisoning characterized by halitosis; roughness/dryness; headache; secretion of mucus.

सारसम् ( sārasam )

Lake water
A type of water obtained from lakes.

सावशेषौषधव्यापत् ( sāvaśeṣauṣadhavyāpat )

Condition due to incomplete elimination of purgative drugs
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: exhaustion without exertion; burning sensation; bodily exhaustion or tiredness/inability to perform physical activities; giddiness or dizziness; syncope or swooning; headache; distress/discontent/restlessness; loss of physical strength or weakness; manifestations due to residual drug in therapeutic purgation; thirst; pain in sides of chest/ flanks; vomiting; breaking type of pain in small joints; nausea; foul eructations.

सिकतामेहः ( sikatāmehaḥ )

Polyuria disorder with gravel urine
A disorder characterized by minute gravel in urine; painful micturition; passage of saliva-like urine containing shreds.

सिद्धबस्तिः ( siddhabastiḥ )

Enema for strength, complexion and growth
A type of specially medicated enema which can cure certain diseases and boost longevity.

सिद्धान्तः ( siddhāntaḥ )

Theory
An established theory that has been critically examined and accepted by qualified investigators. It may be common to all schools of thought, scripture and branches of science (sarvatantrasiddhantaḥ) or particular to any one of them (pratitantrasiddhantaḥ).

सिध्मः ( sidhmaḥ )

Skin disease with lesions resembling bottle gourd flower
A skin disease characterized by lesions resembling bottle gourd flowers; rough/dry; reddish in colour; broken/shattered; thin outside; unctuous inside; whitish and reddish tinge; numerous; mild pain; minimal itching; minimal burning sensation; minimal pus discharge; reduced watery discharge; light onset; fewer complications; fewer worms; dust on itching; resembling daugdhika flowers; usually affecting upper part of body.

सिरा ( Sirā )

Vein
Any tubular conduit of the body, commonly referring to veins.

सिरागत-शल्यः ( sirāgata-śalyaḥ )

Foreign body in the veins
A disorder due to presence of foreign body in the veins; characterized by engorgement; pain in veins; swelling.

सिरागतवातः ( sirāgatavātaḥ )

Aggravation of vata in veins
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: mild pain; mild oedema; dryness/emaciation of body; presence or absence of pulsation in blood vessels; thinness or excessive thickness and narrowing or dilatation of blood vessels; sharp pain; contraction/narrowing of blood vessels or sira; bulky/prominent blood vessels; fullness of blood vessels; emptiness of blood vessels.

सिराग्रन्थिः ( sirāgranthiḥ )

Body channel dysfunction involving bulging or growth
Occurrence of a knot-like or nodular growth in the lumen of the body channels.

सिराग्रहः ( sirāgrahaḥ )

Obstructed blood vessel
A disorder characterized by blackish discoloration; dryness; associated with pain. In certain cases where the vessels of head are affected the condition becomes complicated (difficult to treat).

सिराजग्रन्थिः ( sirājagranthiḥ )

Nodular swelling, cyst of vascular origin
A disorder characterized by a raised round swelling; nonpulsatile nodule; painless micturition.

सिराजपिडका ( sirājapiḍakā )

Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis
A disorder characterized by papules; network of veins; situated near the cornea; vessels associated with burning sensation; vascular growth leading to friction; increased vascular network; eruptions resembling mustard seeds.

सिराजालः ( sirājālaḥ )

Haemangioma
A disorder characterized by an extensive branched network of rigid veins full of blood; covered with hard vessels; broad/ extensive; associated with blood; large network of veins; thick network of veins; reddish vascular network; raised vascular network.

सिराजालम् ( sirājālam )

Network of veins

सिराप्रहर्षः ( sirāpraharṣaḥ )

Hyperaemia of the eyeball
A disorder characterized by thick coppery-coloured tears; thick clear tears; difficulty in vision; increased vascularity in comparison with episcleritis.

सिरामर्म ( Sirāmarma )

Vulnerable location(s) in which the main structural component is vein
Marma where vessels are structurally prominent.

सिराविद्धः ( sirāviddhaḥ )

Penetrating or puncturing deep injury to vessels

सिरावेधः ( sirāvedhaḥ )

Venesection
Bloodletting by means of venesection.

सिरोत्पातः/शिरोत्पातः ( sirotpātaḥ/ śirotpātaḥ )

Episcleritis
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: absence of pain; associated with pain; coppery-coloured lines; frequent discoloration; covered with red streaks; burning sensation with sweating and restlessness; pain; absence of swelling; absence of excessive tear secretion; absence of excessive secretion of rheum.

सीमन्तः ( sīmantaḥ )

Boundary region

सीमन्तः (मर्म) ( sīmantaḥ (marma)

Vulnerable location(s) on the skull resembling the cranial sutures
Five in number and leads to fear, insanity and death when injured.

सीवनकर्म ( sīvanakarma )

Suturing procedure
Suturing procedure for wound closure.

सीवनभेदः ( sīvanabhedaḥ )

Types of sutures
Various types of sutures such as vellitaka, gophanika, tunnasevani and rujugranthih.

सीवनम् ( sīvanam )

Suturing
The procedure of approximating the edges of a wound by suturing.

सीवनी, सेवनी ( Sīvanī, sevanī )

Suture, frenulum
A structure with a suture-like appearance of which there are seven: five in the head, one under the tongue and one on the penis..

सुकुमार वमनस्य व्यपदः ( sukumāra vamanasya vyapadaḥ )

Condition caused by emetic therapy administered to sensitive person
A condition characterized by haemorrhage through upward and downward tracts.

सुकुमार-विरेचनव्यापत् ( sukumāra-virecanavyāpat )

Condition caused by purgation therapy administered to people with fragile bodily constitution
A condition characterized by haemorrhage through the upward and downward tracts.

सुखम् ( sukham )

Pleasure, happiness
A favourable perception including happiness, delight, joy and pleasure.

सुखसाध्यरोगः ( sukhasādhyarogaḥ )

Diseases that are easily treatable
Easily curable diseases and conditions which have fewer causative factors, lesser vitiation of dosha and develop in body tissues which are comparatively less depleted.

सुखायुः ( sukhāyuḥ )

High quality of life
A lifestyle characterized by a high quotient of happiness.

सुभग-विरेचनव्यापत् ( subhaga-virecanavyāpat )

Condition caused by A condition characterized by haemorrhage through the purgation therapy upward and downward tracts. administered to person in delicate health

सुरा/प्रसन्ना ( surā/prasannā )

Distillate

सुरामेहः ( surāmehaḥ )

Polyuria disorder with urine resembling arrack or spirituous liquor
A disorder characterized by urine resembling arrack, an alcoholic beverage that is distilled from fermented mash of malted rice with toddy or molasses. In this event the upper portion of the urine appears transparent and lower portion turbid.

सुवर्णप्राशनम् ( suvarṇaprāśanam )

Therapeutic administration of gold
The administration of gold in specific form (with or without other medicines) together with honey and ghee to the child after birth to enhance intellect and immunity.

सुषिरस्नायुः ( suṣirā-snāyuḥ )

Porous membrane
Membranes located in stomach, intestines and bladder.

सूक्ष्मः ( sūkṣmaḥ )

Minuteness, penetrating
The quality of a substance which is responsible for minuteness and consequent ability to pass through barriers.

सूचीशस्त्रम् ( sūcīśastram )

Surgical needle
A surgical needle used for suturing or venepuncture.

सूतिका ( sūtikā )

Mother in puerperium

सूतिकारोगः ( sūtikārogaḥ )

Puerperal disorder
A disorder characterized by generalized body aches; fever; tremors; thirst; heaviness of body; swelling of body; colicky pain in abdomen; diarrhoea.

सूत्रम् ( sūtram )

Aphorism, summarized A short, unambiguous sentence or aphoristic rule, as well as knowledge a term of summarized knowledge relating to a particular discipline.

सूप्यम् ( sūpyam )

Suitable for preparation Pulses which are beneficial in soup preparations such as of soup green gram.

सूर्यकान्तः ( sūryakāntaḥ )

Sun stone
Sun stone is plagioclase feldspar which when viewed from certain directions exhibits a spangled appearance. Duly processed suryakanta is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations.

सूर्यक्षारः ( sūryakṣāraḥ )

Salt petre
Potassium nitrate (KNO3).

सूर्यचन्द्रदर्शनसंस्कारः ( sūryacandradarśanasaṁskāraḥ )

Exposure of a baby to the sun and moon
A ceremony in which the infant is exposed to the sun and moon for the first time within a month of birth.

सूर्यावर्तः ( sūryāvartaḥ )

Headache worsening and subsiding with strength of sun
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: headache worsening as the day progresses; reducing towards end of day; mild pain in eyes at sunrise; mild pain in eyebrows at sunrise; severe pain in eyes;. worsening in sunlight; subsiding with cold; sometimes subsiding with hot treatment; pulsating pain in temporal region at sunrise; pulsating pain in eyes at sunrise; pulsating pain in eyebrows at sunrise; pulsating pain in forehead at sunrise; worsening at midday; pain worsening on an empty stomach; uncertain comfort with cold; uncertain comfort with hot; pain subsiding later; pain subsiding at sunset.

सृक्कणी, ओष्ठप्रान्तः ( sṛkkaṇī, oṣṭhaprāntaḥ )

Corners of mouth

सेकः ( sekaḥ )

Continuous streaming of liquid medicines over the eyes
A procedure involving gentle pouring of a thin stream of medicated solution over the closed eyelids for a stipulated period.

सेवनी-छेदः ( sevanī-chedaḥ )

Injury to perineal raphe

सैन्धवलवणम् ( saindhavalavaṇam )

Rock salt

सौम्यरसः ( saumyarasaḥ )

Taste exerting a cooling effect
Taste exerting a cooling effect due to the predominance of water element.

सौम्यरोगः ( saumyarogaḥ )

Diseases caused by kapha
A disease caused by vitiation of kapha in the body such as anorexia.

सौवर्चललवणम् ( sauvarcalalavaṇam )

Black salt

स्कन्दग्रहः ( skandagrahaḥ )

Neurological symptoms due to external invisible factors
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: the sudden onset of agitation in the baby; sudden onset of fearfulness in baby; sudden onset of crying; gouging or scratching wet-nurse or mother; biting wet-nurse or mother; scratching or gouging own body; biting him or herself; upward movement of eyes; teeth-gnashing; cooing sound; yawning; hasty movements of eyebrows; teethgrinding; drooping of lips; frothy vomiting; severe weakness; staying awake at night; swelling of eyes; altered stools/loose motions; hoarse voice; smelling of meat and blood; aversion to food/breast milk; lacrimation from one eye; convulsive movements of limbs; sweating; body smelling of blood; diminished crying; facial paralysis; fearfullness; aversion to breast milk; twitching of limbs; smelling of wound; ptosis of one eye; flickering of one eye; anxious; quickening of eye movements; constipation; frequent shaking of head; hemiplegia/hemiparesis; stiffness of body; bending/drooping of neck; crying with hoarse voice; vomiting of saliva; odour of animal fat; odour of blood; making fists; hard stool; movement of one eye brow; movement of one cheek; reddness of both eyes; lameness; death.

स्कन्दनम् ( skandanam )

Haemostasis by application of cold
A method of haemostasis by the application of cold (ice and other cooling materials).

स्कन्दापस्मारः ( skandāpasmāraḥ )

Epilepsy-like symptoms due to external invisible factors
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: frequent episodes of unconsciousness; pricking of hairs; drooping of neck; bending of body; yawning; faecal excretion; urination; frothy vomiting; upward movement of eyes; involuntary movements of hands; involuntary movements of eyebrows; biting of mother’s breast; biting of own tongue; inflammation; fever; sleeplessness; odour of pus and blood; excessive crying after regaining consciousness; episodes of unconsciousness; involuntary movements of hands and feet; body smelling of pus or blood; frothy vomitus.

स्तनः, स्तनपिण्डः, पयोधरौ, कुचौ. ( stanaḥ, stanapiṇḍaḥ, payodharau, kucau )

Breast

स्तनमूलम् (मर्म) ( stanamūlam (marma)

Vulnerable location(s) on the anterior part of the chest below the nipple
Two in number (one on either side of the chest) and leads to death due to difficulty in breathing due to accumulation of kapha in the chest when injured.

स्तनरोहितम् (मर्म) ( stanarohitam (marma) )

Vulnerable location(s) on the anterior part of the chest above the nipple
Two in number (one on either side of the chest) and leads to death due to cough and difficulty in breathing due to accumulation of blood in the chest when injured.

स्तन्यक्षयः ( stanyakṣayaḥ )

Diminution of breast milk
A disorder characterized by emaciated breasts/loss of shapliness of breasts; suppression of lactation; reduced lactation.

स्तन्यजननम्, स्तन्यकृत् ( Stanyajananam, stanyakṛt )

Galactagogue, substance promoting lactation

स्तन्यम् ( stanyam )

Breast milk
Supportive structural component of primary circulating nutrient fluid. It is composed predominantly of the basic element water and nourishes the baby.

स्तन्यवृद्धिः ( stanyavṛddhiḥ )

Morbid increase of breast milk
A disorder characterized by fully extended/large breasts; frequent secretion of milk; pricking pain.

स्तन्यवैषम्यम् ( stanyavaiṣamyam )

Vitiation of breast milk

स्तन्यशोधनम् ( stanyaśodhanam )

Breast milk purifier

स्तन्यापनयनम् ( stanyāpanayanam )

Weaning
A method for the gradual withdrawal of breast feeding.

स्तम्भः-वमनव्यापत् ( stambhaḥ-vamanavyāpat )

Condition of body rigidity due to faulty emetic therapy
A condition characterized by retention of flatus; stiffness of anal region; proctalgia; in which morbid dosha is eliminated only in small quantities.

स्तम्भन-अतियोगः ( stambhana-atiyogaḥ )

Condition of excessive astringent therapy
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: blackish appearance; stiffness of body; upward movement of vāta; rigidity of jaw; bradycardia; nonexcretion of faeces.

स्तम्भन-अपचारः ( stambhana-apacāraḥ )

Condition due to improper astringent therapy

स्तम्भनम् ( stambhanam )

Inhibition of excess flow or secretions
The action of a dry, cold, and astringent substance is to increase vata and check its flow through or out of the body; it therefore has a styptic action.

स्तम्भनम्/स्तम्भनकर्म ( stambhanam/ stambhanakarma )

Astringent therapy
One of the six types of treatment modalities: a procedure or medicine causing arrest of secretion or allowing control of bleeding.

स्तम्भविरेचनव्यापत् ( stambhavirecanavyāpat )

Condition of rigidity due to faulty purgative therapy
A condition characterized by retention of flatus; stiffness of anal region; proctalgia; morbid dosha eliminated only in small quantities.

स्त्रीबीजम् ( strībījam )

Female seed
Female factors responsible for conception. Generally referred to along with menstrual fluid.

स्थगिकाबन्धः ( sthagikābandhaḥ )

Stump bandage
A type of bandage used for the tip of the thumb, finger or penis.

स्थपनी (मर्म) ( sthapanī (marma) )

Vulnerable point located near the glabella (area between eyebrows)
One in number which when injured by a foreign body may lead to death if it is removed.

स्थानसंश्रयः ( sthānasamśrayaḥ )

Stage of a dosha localizing outside its location
The fourth stage of disease manifestation, when aggravated and migrant dosha lodges in a different location from its original one and gives rise to prodromal symptoms.

स्थानान्तरगतदोषः ( sthānāntaragatadoṣaḥ )

Displaced dosha
Aggravated dosha which has migrated or been relocated from its original site. Synonym: āgantu-dosha.

स्थानिकदोषः ( sthānikadoṣaḥ )

Correctly located dosha
Dosha residing in its own place.

स्थापना ( sthāpanā )

Proving the proposed hypothesis
Justifying a proposition based on sound reason, illustration and conclusion.

स्थालकम् ( sthālakam )

Head of the rib

स्थालकार्बुदम् ( sthālakārbudam )

Tubercle of the rib

स्थालीपाकः ( sthālīpākaḥ )

Cooking in a vessel

स्थावरः/अन्तश्चेतनः ( sthāvaraḥ/antaścetanaḥ )

Stationary in form, inner sentience
A division of the natural world which refers to living beings which have internal awareness or inner sentience not manifested externally, i.e. trees and plants.

स्थावरविषः ( sthāvaraviṣaḥ )

Vegetable poison
Poisoning characterized by fever; hiccups; tenderness or sensitive teeth/dental hyperaesthesia; choking sensation in throat; frothy vomiting; restlessness; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; syncope or swooning.

स्थावरविष-अधिष्ठानम् ( sthāvaraviṣaadhiṣṭhānam )

Substrata of poison in plants and minerals
The various sites at which poisons are located in plants such as the root, leaf, fruit, flower, bark, pith, gum, latex, petal or bulb.

स्थिरः ( sthiraḥ )

Stability, immobility
The quality of a substance which is responsible for maintaining stability and position .

स्थिरसन्धिः ( sthirasandhiḥ )

Immovable or slightly movable joints

स्थूलः ( sthūlaḥ )

Grossness, bulkiness
The quality of a substance which is responsible for bulkiness and consequent ability to fill spaces.

स्थूलान्त्रम्, कट्यन्त्रम् ( sthūlāntram, kaṭyantram )

Large intestine

स्थूलास्थि ( sthūlāsthi )

Large bone

स्थैर्यकरः ( sthairyakaraḥ )

Substance promoting firmness, stability

स्नातशिरसः नस्य व्यापदः ( snātaśirasaḥ nasya vyāpadaḥ )

Condition due to inhalation therapy administered to person who has taken a head bath
A condition characterized by cold catarrh.

स्नान-वैषम्यम् ( snāna-vaiṣamyam )

Disorder due to improper bathing habits
snāna-vaiṣamyam

स्नायुः ( snāyuḥ )

Sinews
Tendons, ligaments and other fibrous connective tissue.

स्नायुगत-शल्यः ( snāyugata-śalyaḥ )

Foreign body in the ligaments, and tendons
A disorder due to presence of foreign body in the ligaments; characterized by redness/congestion/inflammation; forceful flow of fluid on cutting tendons; associated with severe pain.

स्नायुगतवातः ( snāyugatavātaḥ )

Aggravation of vata in tendons and ligaments.
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: external bending of body, internal bending of body; shooting pain in extremities; kyphosis; quadriplegia; monoplegia; rigidity/stiffness; tremors; sharp pain; convulsions; sciatica.

स्नायुजालम् ( snāyujālam )

Network of tendons
Collyrium to reduce complications of high potency collyrium

स्नायुप्रतानः ( snāyupratānaḥ )

Network of sinews

स्नायुमर्म ( Snāyumarma )

Vulnerable location(s) in which the main structural component is tendon
Marma where fibrous connective tissue is structurally prominent

स्नायुविद्धः ( snāyuviddhaḥ )

Penetrating or puncturing A disorder characterized by a flexion deformity/humpback; deep injury to ligaments inability to move; a slowly healing wound; severe pain; weakness of limbs.

स्नाय्वर्म ( snāyvarma )

Tumour of conjunctiva
A disorder characterized by rough muscular growth; excessively white muscular growth; muscular growth resembling tendons; spreading in nature; swelling associated with abundant fleshy tissue; dry tissue; fixed swelling.

स्निग्धः ( snigdhaḥ )

Unctuousness, oiliness
The quality of a substance which is responsible for imparting smoothness, oiliness and moisture.

स्निग्धगण्डू षः ( snigdhagaṇḍūṣaḥ )

Retention of unctuous medications in oral cavity
Full mouth retention of liquid medications with unctuous properties for a specific time.

स्नेहं अशनावॄतं स्नेह बस्ति व्यापद् ( snehaṃ aśanāvṝtaṃ sneha basti vyāpad )

Condition of obstruction of unctuous enema emulsion obstructed by food
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: vomiting; syncope or swooning; loss of taste; fatigued mind and body; colicky pain in abdomen; sleep; generalized body aches; signs of āma; burning sensation.

स्नेहं पित्तावॄतं स्नेह बस्ति व्यापद् ( snehaṃ pittāvṝtaṃ sneha basti vyāpad )

Condition of obstruction A condition characterized by some or all the following signs of unctuous enema and symptoms: burning sensation; redness/congestion; thirst; emulsion by pitta confusion/delirium; black-outs; fever.

स्नेहं वातावॄतं स्नेह बस्ति व्यापद् ( snehaṃ vātāvṝtaṃ sneha basti vyāpad )

Condition of obstruction A condition characterized by some or all the following signs of unctuous enema and symptoms: generalized body aches; fever; abdominal emulsion by vata distension; feeling of cold; rigidity/stiffness; pain in thighs; pain in sides of chest/flanks; cramps in sides of chest.

स्नेहं विडावॄतं स्नेह बस्ति व्यापद् ( snehaṃ viḍāvṝtaṃ sneha basti vyāpad )

Condition of obstruction A condition characterized by some or all the following signs of unctuous enema and symptoms: retention of faeces; obstruction to passage of emulsion by stool urine/retention; obstruction to passage of flatus; pain; heaviness; abdominal distension; stiffness of cardiac region.

स्नेहं श्लेश्मावॄतं स्नेह बस्ति व्यापद् ( snehaṃ śleśmāvṝtaṃ sneha basti vyāpad )

Signs of obstruction of unctuous enema emulsion by kapha
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: drowsiness/lassitude; fever with chills; lethargy; excessive salivation; loss of taste; heaviness; syncope; fatigued mind and body.

स्नेहकर्म, स्नेहन ( snehakarma, snehana )

Oleation

स्नेहन-अतियोगः ( snehana-atiyogaḥ )

Condition of excessive oleation
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: pallor; heaviness; dullness/frigidity/inactivity; unformed stools; drowsiness/lassitude; loss of taste; nausea/ provocation of dosha; aversion to food; salivation; burning sensation in anus; dysentery; excessive elimination of faeces; clinical features of pāṇḍu; bodily exhaustion or tiredness/ inability to perform physical activities; nasal discharge; anal discharge; vomiting; syncope or swooning; thirst; dry eructations; giddiness or dizziness; breathlessness/difficulty in breathing; cough.

स्नेहन-अपचारः ( snehana-apacāraḥ )

Condition of improper oleation therapy

स्नेहन-अयोगः ( snehana-ayogaḥ )

Condition of subnormal oleation
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: hard compact stools; dry stools; perplexed vata; weak agni; harshness/sharpness of body parts; dryness of body parts.

स्नेहन-आश्च्योतनम् ( snehana-āścyotanam )

Instillation of eye drops for unctuous effect
The instillation of liquid medications in the eye for unctuous effect.

स्नेहननस्य-अतियोगः ( snehananasya-atiyogaḥ )

Condition due to overdosage of oily snuff
A condition characterized by mucoid expectoration; heaviness of the head; abnormal sense organ functioning.

स्नेहननस्य-अयोग/ स्नेहननस्यहीनयोगः ( snehananasya-ayoga/ snehananasyahīnayogaḥ )

Condition due to suboptimal or inadequate dosage of oily snuff

स्नेहनपुटपाकः ( snehanapuṭapākaḥ )

Retention of specially prepared heat extract bolus with unctuous effect
A therapeutic procedure in which an herbal extract (expressed from a warm bolus of herbs) is retained over the eyes for a stipulated period for unctuous effect.

स्नेहनमिथ्यायोगः/ मिथ्यास्नेहनम् /स्नेहनव्यापदः /स्नेहविभ्रमम् ( snehanamithyāyogaḥ/ mithyāsnehanam/ snehana-vyāpadaḥ/ snehavibhramam )

Condition of improper administration of oleation therapy
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: drowsiness/lassitude; nausea/provocation of dosha; borborygmi with distension; fever; rigidity/stiffness; improper perception/unconsciousness; skin diseases; itching; pallor; oedema; haemorrhoids; loss of taste; thirst; obstinate abdominal diseases; diseases due to malfunctioning grahaṇī; sensation of being covered with a wet cloth; suppression of speech; colicky pain in abdomen; diseases of āma.

स्नेहनम्/स्नेहनकर्म ( snehanam/snehanakarma )

Therapeutic oleation
One of the six types of treatment modalities which involves administration of oils or fats both internally and externally.

स्नेहनसेकः ( snehanasekaḥ )

Continuous streaming of liquid medicines over the eyes for unctuous effect
A procedure involving gentle pouring of a thin stream of medicated solution over the closed eyelids for a stipulated period for unctuous effect.

स्नेहपानकर्म (व्रणचिकित्सा) ( snehapānakarma (vraṇacikitsā) )

Internal oleation for wound management
Therapeutic intake of a medicated unctuous substance.

स्नेहबस्तिः ( snehabastiḥ )

Therapeutic ghee or oily enema
A medicated unctous enema, the amount of which is usually a quarter that of a decoction enema.

स्नैहिककवलः ( snaihikakavalaḥ )

Mouth gargle with unctuous medications
A type of gargle with unctuous properties.

स्नैहिकधूमपानम् ( snaihikadhūmapānam )

Unctuous medicated smoking
The procedure of medicated smoking with unctuous effect.

स्पर्शः ( sparśaḥ )

Touch
Trait of air element.

स्पर्शवहाधमनी ( sparśavahādhamanī )

Artery related to perception of touch

स्पर्शहानिः ( sparśahāniḥ )

Loss of sensation due to vitiated blood in the penis
A disorder characterized by numbness.

स्फटिकः ( sphaṭikaḥ )

Quartz
Rock crystal (SiO2); duly processed sphatika is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations.

स्फिक् , नितम्बः, प्रोथौ, कटी-प्रोथः ( sphik, nitambaḥ,prothau, kaṭī-prothaḥ )

Buttock

स्फुटित-भग्नः ( sphuṭita-bhagnaḥ )

Fissured fracture
A fracture characterized by distension and a sensation of being filled with bristles; multiple cracks on bone.

स्मरमन्दिरम् ( smaramandiram )

Pudendum

स्मरातपत्रम्, मदनातपत्रम् ( smarātapatram, madanātapatram )

Clitoris

स्मृतिः ( smṛtiḥ )

Memory, recollection
The faculty of recollection, remembrance of things directly perceived or heard (scriptures) which results from a particular conjunction between soul and mind.

स्मृतिवर्धकः ( smṛtivardhakaḥ )

Memory enhancer
Therapies or medicines beneficial for increasing memory power.

स्रंसन-कर्म ( sraṃsana-karma )

Mild laxative
A type of purgative which does not allow unformed excreta to adhere to the alimentary canal but expels them.

स्रावः ( srāvaḥ )

Epiphora
A disorder characterized by discharge at the inner canthus; painless discharge.

स्रुतिवृध्दिकरम् ( srutivṛdhdikaram )

Treatment promoting amount and flow of semen
Therapy or medicines able to increase both the amount and flow of semen.

स्रोतः ( srotaḥ )

Channel, conduit
Channels for the transportation of substances from one part to another.

स्रोतोदुष्टिप्रकारः ( srotoduṣṭiprakāraḥ )

Types of body channel deformities
The various types of the deformity affecting the body channels.

स्रोतोदुष्टिहेतुः ( srotoduṣṭihetuḥ )

Functional alteration of body channels
A structural and/or functional alteration of the body channels due to vitiated dosha or ama.

स्रोतोरोधः ( srotorodhaḥ )

Obstructive pathology
A complete or partial obstruction in the body channels leading to their malfunctioning.

स्रोतोविद्धः ( srotoviddhaḥ )

Injury or damage to the body channels

स्रोतोवैगुण्यम् ( srotovaiguṇyam )

Functional alteration of body channels
A functional and/or structural alteration of the body channels leading to a pathological process.

स्रोतोवैषम्यम् ( srotovaiṣamyam )

Vitiation of channels
Deleterious changes in the structure and function of channels (srotas) carrying vital life force; water; food; seven tissues; menstrual flow-carrying channel; excretory products: stools, sweat and urine.

स्रोतोऽञ्जन ( srotoñjana )

Stibnite used as collyrium
A type of collyrium containing antimony sulfide.

स्वतन्त्र ( svatantra )

Independent
Autonomy; an attribute of soul (atma).

स्वतन्त्र ( svatantra )

Primary disorder
A disease entity of independent etiology and pathology which has a direct bearing on associated conditions in terms of ultimate treatment outcome:

स्वप्नजननम् ( svapnajananam )

Somniferous, soporific
Substance tending to induce sleep

स्वप्नम् ( svapnam )

Dream
svapnam

स्वभावः ( svabhāvaḥ )

Natural removal of foreign body
The removal of a loosely impacted foreign body by natural means.

स्वभावबलप्रवृत्तरोगः ( svabhāvabalapravṛttarogaḥ )

Conditions resulting from physiological variations or the ageing process
Diseases and conditions brought about by the natural progression of bodily processes such as hunger, thirst, sleep and old age.

स्वभावव्याधिप्रतिषेधीयरसायनम् ( svabhāvavyādhipratiṣedhīyarasāyanam )

Rejuvenation therapy counteracting natural diseases
Rejuvenation therapy to prevent natural diseases such as hunger, thirst or greying of hair.

स्वरघ्नम् ( svaraghnam )

Paralysis of vocal cords
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: a feeling of entering into darkness constant respiratory distress; hoarseness of voice; dryness of throat; uncontrolled throat; obstructed/suffocated voice.

स्वरभेदः ( svarabhedaḥ )

Hoarse voice, altered voice

स्वरसः ( svarasaḥ )

Juice

स्वर्जिक्षारः, सर्जिक्षारः, सर्जिकाक्षारः ( svarjikṣāraḥ, sarjikṣāraḥ, sarjikākṣāraḥ. )

Alkali containing mainly sodium bicarbonate

स्वर्णम् ( svarṇam )

Gold
Au (Aurum). Duly processed svarna is employed as a standalone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations.

स्वर्यम् ( svaryam )

Substance enhancing the voice

स्वसञ्ज्ञा ( svasañjñā )

Technical terminology limited to a school of thought
A technical terminology devised and used by only one school of thought.

स्वस्तिकबन्धः ( svastikabandhaḥ )

Figure-of-eight bandage
A type of bandage applied to joints which resembles a figure of eight.

स्वस्तिकयन्त्रम् ( svastikayantram )

Cruciform instruments
Cruciform instruments used in surgical and parasurgical procedures such as removal of an impacted foreign body in bone.

स्वस्त्ययनम् ( svastyayanam )

Blessings from elders
A type of therapeutic ritual: treatment of a disease by receivingblessings (aśirvada) to cure the ailment.

स्वस्थः ( svasthaḥ )

Healthy person
An individual in a balanced state of dosha, metabolism, structural components and excretion, with pleasantly functioning senses, mind and consciousness, all acting in harmony.

स्वस्थवृत्तः ( svasthavṛttaḥ )

Routine(s) for health maintenance
Daily, seasonal and ethical regimens for the maintenance of health.

स्वस्थवृत्तहितम् ( svasthavṛttahitam )

Maintaining well-being and good health

स्वस्थस्योर्जस्करम् ( svasthasyorjaskaram )

Health-promoting
A medicine or regimen which boosts health in a healthy person; a feature of rejuvenative therapy.

स्वाङ्गशीतम् ( svāṅgaśītam )

Left to cool, self-cooling

स्वार्थानुमानम् ( svārthānumānam )

Inference for self
Obtaining the proof of inference for oneself.

स्वास्थ्यम्, आरोग्यम् ( svāsthyam, ārogyam )

Positive attributes of health
A healthy state of body, mind and soul.

स्वेदः ( svedaḥ )

Sweat
The mala of fat, the function of which is to withhold moisture in the skin.

स्वेदक्षयः ( svedakṣayaḥ )

Diminution of sweat
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: stiff/rigid body hairs; wasting/contracture of skin; abnormality in touch perception; loss of perspiration; hair loss; tearing/cracking of skin; numbness of skin; hardness/ roughness of skin.

स्वेदजः ( svedajaḥ )

Creatures generated by humidity
An insect species which thrives in a sweaty or humid environment e.g. flies, mosquitos, ants or worms.

स्वेदजननम् ( svedajananam )

Diaphoretic
Substance inducing perspiration.

स्वेदन ( svedana )

Fomentation

स्वेदन-अतियोगः ( svedana-atiyogaḥ )

Condition of excessive sudation
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: clinical features of pitta prakopa; syncope or swooning; flaccid body/exhaustion; thirst; burning sensation; weak voice; weakness; joint pains; appearance of blisters; clinical features of pitta and rakta prakopa; confusion/ dizzines; exhaustion without exertion; loss of voice; bodily exhaustion or tiredness/inability to perform physical activities; appearance of brownish red circular patches.

स्वेदन-अपचारः ( svedana-apacāraḥ )

Condition due to improper sudation
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: giddiness or dizziness; loss of physical strength or weakness; impairment of sense organs; dullness/ frigidity/inactivity; stiffness due to āma.

स्वेदन-अयोगः ( svedana-ayogaḥ )

Condition of subnormal sudation

स्वेदनकर्म (व्रणचिकित्सा) ( Svedanakarma (vraṇacikitsā)

Therapeutic fomentation for wound management
Application of a poultice to enhance the wound-healing process.

स्वेदनम् ( svedanam )

Sudation of mercury

स्वेदवहस्रोतोदुष्टिः ( svedavahasrotoduṣṭiḥ )

Vitiation of channels carrying sweat
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: complete lack of sweating. or excess sweating; dryness or excess stickiness of skin; burning sensation of limbs; horripilation.

स्वेदवृद्धिः ( svedavṛddhiḥ )

Morbid increase of sweat
A disorder characterized by bad skin odour; itching; increased perspiration.

स्वेदवैषम्यम् ( svedavaiṣamyam )

Derangement of sweat

स्वेदापनयनः ( svedāpanayanaḥ )

Anti-diaphoretic
Substance reducing perspiration.

हताधिमन्थः ( hatādhimanthaḥ )

Atrophic bulbi following acute congestive glaucoma
A disorder characterized by severe pain; sudden shrinking of eyeball; different types of pain; injury to the visual faculty; loss of vision.

हनुः ( hanuḥ )

Jaw, mandible

हनुग्रहः ( hanugrahaḥ )

Lockjaw; trismus
A disorder characterized by difficulty in chewing; difficulty in speaking; mouth remaining open; lack of pain; mouth remaining closed/trismus.

हनुसन्धिः ( hanusandhiḥ )

Temporo-mandibular joint

हन्वस्थि, हनुकास्थि ( Hanvasthi, hanukāsthi )

Mandible

हरितवर्गः ( haritavargaḥ )

Group of greens
The group of vegetables which should be consumed fresh such as salads, leafy vegetables and certain spices: Zingiber officinale Roscoe (ardraka), Raphanus sativus L. (mulaka), Mentha spicata L.(putiha), Coriandrum sativum L.(dhanyaka) or Allium cepa L. (palandu).

हरितालम् ( haritālam )

Orpiment, yellow arsenic
Arsenic trisulfide (As2S3). Duly processed haritalam is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations.

हरिद्रमेहः ( haridramehaḥ )

Polyuria disorder with urine resembling turmeric water
A disorder characterized by passage of acrid urine; passage of turmeric-coloured urine; burning micturition.

हर्षः ( harṣaḥ )

Removal of foreign body by creating exhilaration
The removal of a loosely impacted foreign body by creating joy, happiness, cheer or exhilaration.

हलीमकः (लोढरः) ( halīmakaḥ (loḍharaḥ) )

Advanced stage of jaundice
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: green discoloration of the skin; yellowish discoloration of skin; bluish tinge to skin; blackish discoloration of skin; giddiness or dizziness; thirst; uninterested in sexual activity; mild fever; drowsiness/ lassitude; diminution of physical strength; diminution of agni; loss of vigour; generalized body aches; burning sensations; loss of taste.

हंसोदकम् ( haṃsodakam )

Water detoxified by exposure to the rays of sun and moon and Canopus star
Water purified by the rays of the sun and moon and detoxified by the effect of Canopus or “cleanser of waters” star (agastyanakṣatra) which is seen in autumn (sharad ṛtu).

हस्तः ( hastaḥ )

Cubit
Measure of length equal to the distance from the tip of the middle finger to the olecranon process or elbow: 18 inches or 45.72 cm.

हस्ततलम्, पाणितलम् ( hastatalam, pāṇitalam )

Palm

हस्ताग्रम् ( hastāgram )

Distal part of the hand

हस्तिमेहः ( hastimehaḥ )

Polyuria disorder with uncontrolled passage of urine; urinary incontinence
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: urinary incontinence; described as passing urine like an unrestrained elephant in rut; urine flow is weak and obstructed but continuous in nature; occurring without any voluntary effort from the patient; consistency of urine slimy as if mixed with lymph.

हिक्का (हिध्मा) ( hikkā (hidhmā) )

Hiccup
A disorder characterized by vayu repeatedly and forcefully brought out, accompanied by sound; feeling as if liver; spleen and intestines are being expelled through the mouth; making noise, and causing sudden death.

हिक्कानिग्रहणः ( hikkānigrahaṇaḥ )

Hiccup-relieving

हिक्काबस्तिव्यापत् ( hikkābastivyāpat )

Condition of hiccups due to faulty enema therapy
A condition characterized by hiccups.

हिक्कावेगरोधः ( hikkāvegarodhaḥ )

Disorder due to withholding of hiccups

हिङ्गुलम् ( hiṅgulam )

Cinnabar, red sulfide of mercury
Mercuric sulfide (HgS). Duly processed hingulam is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations.

हितम् ( hitam )

Salutary to health
Wholesome food, all activities such as a daily routine and medications which are conducive to health. Synonym of treatment.

हितायुः ( hitāyuḥ )

Salutary life
A mode of life that is advantageous for oneself and generally beneficial.

हिमकषायः, शीतकषायः, हिमः, शीतः ( himakaṣāyaḥ, śītakaṣāyaḥ,himaḥ,śītaḥ )

Cold infusion

हीनकर्णः ( hīnakarṇaḥ )

Lobuloplasty type 12
A type of lobuloplasty indicated when both flaps of the split earlobe are lacking a base and little musculature is present in or around the cheek.

हीनदग्ध-अर्शः ( hīnadagdha-arśaḥ )

Condition due to inadequate cautery of haemorrhoids
A condition characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: bluish-black colour; small wound; itching; impairment of vāta; impairment of sense organs; failure to resolve.

हीनमात्राहारः ( hīnamātrāhāraḥ )

Disorder due to insufficient or suboptimal food intake
A disorder characterized by some or all the following signs and symptoms: emaciation; insatiability; upward movement of vāta; death; impotence; lack of vigour/energy; affliction of body; affliction of manas/mind; affliction of buddhi/intellect; affliction of sense organs; loss of sāra; loss of wealth/beauty; eighty types of vāta diseases; constipation.

हीरकम्, वज्र ( hīrakam, vajra )

Diamond
Duly processed hiraka is employed as a stand-alone medicine or as an ingredient in the preparation of polyherbo-mineral pharmaceutical formulations.

हृत्प्राप्तिबस्तिव्यापत् ( hṛtprāptibastivyāpat )

Condition of discomfort A condition characterized by symptoms afflicting the heart. in precordial region due to faulty enema therapy

हृदयम्, अर्थः, क्रोडः, महत्, रसस्थानम् ( hṛdayam, arthaḥ,kroḍaḥ,mahat, rasasthānam )

Heart

हृदयस्थानम् ( hṛdayasthānam )

Cardiothoracic region

हृदयावरणम् (विषोपक्रमः) ( hṛdayāvaraṇam (viṣopakramaḥ)

Protection of heart from poison
Administering antipoison medications to protect the heart from toxic effects.

हृद्बस्तिः ( hṛdbastiḥ )

Therapeutic retention of oil over cardiac region
A procedure which involves holding medicated oil over the cardiac region for a specific duration.

हृद्यम् ( hṛdyam )

Substance enhancing health and functioning of the heart, mindpleasing

हृद्रोगः ( hṛdrogaḥ )

Heart disease

हॄदयोपसरणम्/ हॄदग्रहः-वमनव्यापत् ( hṝdayopasaraṇam/ hṝdagrahaḥvamanavyāpat )

Condition of tightness in precordial region, due to faulty emetic therapy

हॄदयोपसरणम्/ हॄदग्रहविरेचनव्यापत् ( hṝdayopasaraṇam/ hṝdagrahavirecanavyāpat )

Condition of migration to precordial region due to faulty purgative therapy

हॄद्रोगि वमनस्य व्यापदः ( hṝdrogi vamanasya vyapadaḥ )

Condition caused by emetic therapy administered to person with heart disease

हेतु ( hetu )

Cause or variable
A cause or reason; the immediate cause of an observable event; the pivotal element in the inferential process.

हेतुविपरीतः ( hetuviparītaḥ )

Antagonistic to etiology
The judicious use of medicines, regimens and dietetics that are antagonistic to the etiology of the disease or condition.

हेतुविपरीतचिकित्सा ( hetuviparītacikitsā )

Treatment antagonistic One of the threefold classifications of treatment antagonistic to to cause the cause.

हेतुविपरीतार्थकारी ( hetuviparītārthakārī )

Treatment with interventions similar to disease etiology
The judicious use of medicines, regimens and dietetics that are similar to the etiology of the disease or condition, but capable of providing relief.

हेतुव्याधिविपरीतः ( hetuvyādhiviparītaḥ )

Antagonistic to etiology and disease
The judicious use of medicines, regimens and dietetics that are antagonistic to both the etiology and disease itself.

हेतुव्याधिविपरीतार्थकारी ( hetuvyādhiviparītārthakārī )

Pro-causative factor and disease

हेतुव्याधिविपरीतार्थकारी ( hetuvyādhiviparītārthakārī )

Treatment with interventions similar to disease etiology as well as diseaseaggravating factors
The judicious use of medicines, regimens and dietetics that are similar to both the etiology and disease, but capable of providing relief.

हेत्वन्तरम् ( hetvantaram )

Proposing the wrong reason
Proposing a fallacious or irrelevant form of reasoning in a given context.

हेत्वर्थः ( hetvarthaḥ )

Extended reasoning
Extension or extrapolation of an argument or supportive reasoning from a different context.

हेत्वाभासः ( hetvābhāsaḥ )

False positive or false negative
A fallacious inference which renders the entire inferential process invalid.

हैमम् ( haimam )

Water derived from snow
Water formed when ice melts.

होमम् ( homam )

Oblations or offerings given through fire
A type of therapeutic ritual: treatment of a disease through the process of combusting various things as offerings to cure the ailment.

होलाकस्वेदः ( holākasvedaḥ )

Sweating induced by burning substances in a pot
A type of sudation therapy in which diaphoresis is achieved by lying down on or sitting over a bed placed above a specially designed pot which generates heat by burning dry substances such as cow dung.

ह्रस्वजाड्यम् ( hrasvajāḍyam )

Retinitis pigmentosa, central opacity of lens
A disorder characterized by seeing small objects with great difficulty during daytime; pupils appearing small.

स्रोतः[सम्पाद्यताम्]

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