शूरसेन

यन्त्रोपारोपितकोशांशः

कल्पद्रुमः

पृष्ठभागोऽयं यन्त्रेण केनचित् काले काले मार्जयित्वा यथास्रोतः परिवर्तयिष्यते। तेन मा भूदत्र शोधनसम्भ्रमः। सज्जनैः मूलमेव शोध्यताम्।

शूरसेनः, पुं, (शूराः सेना यस्य ।) राजविशेषः । देशविशेषः । यथा, -- “शूरसेनो यदुपतिर्मथुरामावसन् पुरीम् । माथुरान् शूरसेनांश्च विषयान् बुभुजे पुरा ॥” इति श्रीभागवते १० स्कन्धे १ अध्यायः ॥

वाचस्पत्यम्

पृष्ठभागोऽयं यन्त्रेण केनचित् काले काले मार्जयित्वा यथास्रोतः परिवर्तयिष्यते। तेन मा भूदत्र शोधनसम्भ्रमः। सज्जनैः मूलमेव शोध्यताम्।

शूरसेन¦ पु॰ शूरा सेना यत्र, यस्य वा।

१ देशभेदे

२ नृपभेदे च।

शब्दसागरः

पृष्ठभागोऽयं यन्त्रेण केनचित् काले काले मार्जयित्वा यथास्रोतः परिवर्तयिष्यते। तेन मा भूदत्र शोधनसम्भ्रमः। सज्जनैः मूलमेव शोध्यताम्।

शूरसेन¦ m. (-नः)
1. The country about Mathura
4.
2. The name of a prince. E. शूर a hero, सेना an army.

Monier-Williams

पृष्ठभागोऽयं यन्त्रेण केनचित् काले काले मार्जयित्वा यथास्रोतः परिवर्तयिष्यते। तेन मा भूदत्र शोधनसम्भ्रमः। सज्जनैः मूलमेव शोध्यताम्।

शूरसेन/ शूर--सेन m. N. of the country about मथुराPan5car.

शूरसेन/ शूर--सेन m. a king of मथुरा(and ruler of the यदुs , applied to विष्णुand उग्र-सेन) MBh. Hariv.

शूरसेन/ शूर--सेन m. N. of a son of कार्तवीर्यHariv.

शूरसेन/ शूर--सेन m. of a son of शत्रु-घ्नVP.

शूरसेन/ शूर--सेन m. of various other men Katha1s.

शूरसेन/ शूर--सेन m. pl. N. of the people inhabiting the above country (also नकand न-ज) Mn. MBh. etc.

Purana index

पृष्ठभागोऽयं यन्त्रेण केनचित् काले काले मार्जयित्वा यथास्रोतः परिवर्तयिष्यते। तेन मा भूदत्र शोधनसम्भ्रमः। सज्जनैः मूलमेव शोध्यताम्।

(I) (च्)--the kingdom of Citraketu. भा. VI. १४. १०; XI. ३०. १८.

(II)--a son of Arjuna (कार्तवीर्य); a महारथ. भा. IX. २३. २७; M. ४३. ४६; वा. ९४. ४९. ९९. ३२५; Vi. IV. ११. २१.

(III)--the Lord of the Yadus and overlord of माथुरस् and शूरसेनस्. भा. X. 1. २७.

(IV)--a son of शत्रुघ्न: capital मथुरा. Br. III. ६३. १८७; वा. ८८. १८६; Vi. IV. 4. १०४.

Purana Encyclopedia

पृष्ठभागोऽयं यन्त्रेण केनचित् काले काले मार्जयित्वा यथास्रोतः परिवर्तयिष्यते। तेन मा भूदत्र शोधनसम्भ्रमः। सज्जनैः मूलमेव शोध्यताम्।

Śūrasena  : m. (pl.): Name of a Janapada and its people; called Janapada at various places (4. 1. 9; 6. 18. 14; 6. 114. 77) and once Rāṣṭra (4. 1. 8).


A. Location: Listed by Saṁjaya among the northern Janapadas (also called Deśas 6. 10. 68) of Bhāratavarṣa (ata ūrdhvaṁ janapadān nibodha) 6. 10. 37, 5; (śūrasenāḥ kaliṅgāś ca) 6. 10. 38; the country lay around the Kurus (paritaḥ kurūn) 4. 1. 9; Pāṇḍavas while proceeding from Dvaitavana (3. 295. 2-3) to the country of Matsyas had to pass through Yakṛlloma and Śūrasena; their way lay to the north of Daśārṇa and south of Pāñcāla (uttareṇa daśārṇāṁs te pāñcālān dakṣiṇena tu//antareṇa yakṛllomāñ śūrasenāṁś ca pāṇḍavāḥ/…matsyasya viṣayaṁ prāviśan vanāt) 4. 5. 3-4; the city of Mathurā lay in it 2. 13. 44.


B. Description: (a) of the country: delightful (ramya), (ramaṇīya), rich in grain (bahvanna), and protected (gupta) 4. 1 8-9; (b) of the warriors: strong (balavant) and great chariot-fighters (mahāratha) 6. 112. 107, 111; valorous (vikrānta) 8. 4. 36; heroic, ready to give away their life (in war) (śūra, tanutyaj) 6. 18. 14; (śūra, vīra) 8. 32. 17.


C. Characteristic:


A. certain Brāhmaṇa while reporting the characteristics of different peoples to the Kuru assembly said that Śūrasenas were sacrifice incarnate (i. e. as sanctifying as sacrifice) (śūrasenāś ca yajñaḥ) 8. 30. 73.


D. Epic events:

(1) Śūrasenas, due to fear of Jarāsandha, resorted to the west (jarāsandhabhayād eva pratīcīṁ diśaṁ āśritāḥ/śūrasenā…) 2. 13. 24-25;

(2) Having heard the news of the death of Haṁsa and Ḍibhaka, Jarāsandha (left the country) of Śūrasenas to return to his town in Magadha (jarāsandhaḥ…svapuraṁ śūrasenānāṁ prayayau) 2. 13. 43; (See Edgerton's note on the stanza in Vol. II, p. 496: “This latter reading (ºsenebhyaḥ) confirms my interpretation of śūrasenānāṁ as ablatival genitive (Speyer, V. S. S. § 73) in the sense of “from the Śūrasena country””);

(3) Sahadeva in his expedition to the south of Indraprastha (prayayau dakṣiṇāṁ diśam 2. 28. 1; 2. 23. 9) first conquered the entire land of Śūrasenas (sa śūrasenān kārtsnyena pūrvam evājayat prabhuḥ) 2. 28. 2;

(4) Arjuna mentioned Śūrasena among the countries in which Pāṇḍavas could stay during their ajñātavāsa 4. 1. 9;

(5) Saṁjaya told Dhṛtarāṣṭra that Śūrasenas no longer respected him and that they had joined the side of Yudhiṣṭhira recognizing his heroism (vīryajñās tasya dhīmataḥ) 5. 53. 17;

(6) Before the start of the war, Śūrasenas (who went to Kauravas) were among the twelve Janapadas who, led by Duḥśāsana and other sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, guarded the rear of Bhīṣma; they were all chariot-fighters twenty thousand strong (pṛṣṭhagopās tu bhiṣmasya …rathā viṁśatisāhasrāḥ; mahatā rathavaṁśena te 'bhyarakṣan pitāmaham) 6. 18. 10, 12, 14;

(7) On the second day of the war, in the Mahāvyūha (6. 47. 10) of Kauravas Duryodhana asked Śūrasenas and others to protect Bhīṣma with their armies (bhīṣmam evābhirakṣantu saha sainyapuraskṛtāḥ) 6. 47. 7, 9; Arjuna while proceeding to attack Bhīṣma killed many Śūrasenas in the Kaurava army 6. 48. 19;

(8) On the third day, all Śūrasenas were posted at the ‘tail’ of the Garuḍavyūha (6. 52. 2-3) of Kauravas (puccham āsan… śūrasenāś ca sarvaśaḥ) 6. 52. 7;

(9) On the ninth day, Śūrasenas were among those who did not forsake Bhīṣma in the battle although they were being killed by sharp arrows (saṁgrāme nājahur bhīṣmaṁ vadhyamānāḥ śitaiḥ śaraiḥ) 6. 102. 7;

(10) On the tenth day, incited by Duryodhana to attack Arjuna Śūrasenas marched on him; Arjuna burnt (dadāha) them with his divine weapons; when afflicted by arrows and when their chariots and banners were shattered, their kings stopped attacking Arjuna (śarārtā…viprakī rṇarathadhvajāḥ/nābhyavartanta rājānaḥ sahitā vānaradhvajam); Arjuna scattered their army (6. 112. 102106, 109-112, 114-116); towards the end of that day, when the Kaurava army, afraid of Arjuna, fled from the battle, Śūrasenas were among those twelve Janapadas who, though afflicted by arrows and pained due to wounds, did not abandon Bhīṣma fighting with Arjuna (śūrasenāḥ…dvādaśaite janapadā śarārtā vraṇapīḍitāḥ/saṁgrāme na jahur bhīṣmaṁ yudhyamānaṁ kirīṭinā//) 6. 114. 76-77;

(11) On the eleventh day, Śūrasenas and others led by Duryodhana marched behind Karṇa in the Śakaṭavyūha (7. 6. 15) of Kauravas (tavātmajaṁ puraskṛtya sūtaputrasya pṛṣṭhataḥ) 7. 6. 6-7;

(12) On the twelfth day, Śūrasenas and others riding elephants, horses and chariots along with their foot-soldiers in hundreds and thousands stood at the ‘neck’ of the Suparṇavyūha of Kauravas (grīvāyāṁ śūrasenāś ca…gajāśvarathapattyaughās tasthuḥ śatasahasraśaḥ) 7. 19. 8;

(13) On the fourteenth day, ten thousand chariot-warriors of Śūrasenas and others, led by Jaya and Kṛtavarman, tried to check the onward march of Arjuna towards Jayadratha 7. 66. 37; later, when Sudakṣiṇa and Śrutāyudha were killed, angered Śūrasenas and others, showered arrows on Arjuna; he killed six thousand of them; afraid, they fled, but returned and surrounded Arjuna; Arjuna cut off their arms and heads 7. 68. 2-5; towards the end of the day, while lamenting the death of Jayadratha, Duryodhana mentioned Śūrasenas among those who fought for him but were killed by Arjuna (hatā madarthaṁ saṁgrāme yudhyamānāḥ kirīṭinā) 7. 125. 31-32;

(14) During the night war between the fourteenth and the fifteenth day, Yudhiṣṭhira and Bhīma killed Śūrasenas 7. 132. 24; 7. 136. 4;

(15) On the seventeenth day, Kṛpa and others fought with Śūrasenas (on Pāṇḍavas' side); they fought a battle which led them to heaven in case of death (teṣām antakaraṁ …svargyaṁ yaśaskaram) 8. 32. 17-18;

(16) At night, on the seventeenth day (niśi) while reporting the death of Karṇa to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (8. 1. 25-26) Saṁjaya mentioned Śūrasenas among those who were killed in war 8. 4. 36.


E. King Sunāman brother of Kaṁsa is referred to as king of Śūrasenas: śūrasenarāj 7. 10. 8.


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Mahabharata Cultural Index

पृष्ठभागोऽयं यन्त्रेण केनचित् काले काले मार्जयित्वा यथास्रोतः परिवर्तयिष्यते। तेन मा भूदत्र शोधनसम्भ्रमः। सज्जनैः मूलमेव शोध्यताम्।

Śūrasena  : m. (pl.): Name of a Janapada and its people; called Janapada at various places (4. 1. 9; 6. 18. 14; 6. 114. 77) and once Rāṣṭra (4. 1. 8).


A. Location: Listed by Saṁjaya among the northern Janapadas (also called Deśas 6. 10. 68) of Bhāratavarṣa (ata ūrdhvaṁ janapadān nibodha) 6. 10. 37, 5; (śūrasenāḥ kaliṅgāś ca) 6. 10. 38; the country lay around the Kurus (paritaḥ kurūn) 4. 1. 9; Pāṇḍavas while proceeding from Dvaitavana (3. 295. 2-3) to the country of Matsyas had to pass through Yakṛlloma and Śūrasena; their way lay to the north of Daśārṇa and south of Pāñcāla (uttareṇa daśārṇāṁs te pāñcālān dakṣiṇena tu//antareṇa yakṛllomāñ śūrasenāṁś ca pāṇḍavāḥ/…matsyasya viṣayaṁ prāviśan vanāt) 4. 5. 3-4; the city of Mathurā lay in it 2. 13. 44.


B. Description: (a) of the country: delightful (ramya), (ramaṇīya), rich in grain (bahvanna), and protected (gupta) 4. 1 8-9; (b) of the warriors: strong (balavant) and great chariot-fighters (mahāratha) 6. 112. 107, 111; valorous (vikrānta) 8. 4. 36; heroic, ready to give away their life (in war) (śūra, tanutyaj) 6. 18. 14; (śūra, vīra) 8. 32. 17.


C. Characteristic:


A. certain Brāhmaṇa while reporting the characteristics of different peoples to the Kuru assembly said that Śūrasenas were sacrifice incarnate (i. e. as sanctifying as sacrifice) (śūrasenāś ca yajñaḥ) 8. 30. 73.


D. Epic events:

(1) Śūrasenas, due to fear of Jarāsandha, resorted to the west (jarāsandhabhayād eva pratīcīṁ diśaṁ āśritāḥ/śūrasenā…) 2. 13. 24-25;

(2) Having heard the news of the death of Haṁsa and Ḍibhaka, Jarāsandha (left the country) of Śūrasenas to return to his town in Magadha (jarāsandhaḥ…svapuraṁ śūrasenānāṁ prayayau) 2. 13. 43; (See Edgerton's note on the stanza in Vol. II, p. 496: “This latter reading (ºsenebhyaḥ) confirms my interpretation of śūrasenānāṁ as ablatival genitive (Speyer, V. S. S. § 73) in the sense of “from the Śūrasena country””);

(3) Sahadeva in his expedition to the south of Indraprastha (prayayau dakṣiṇāṁ diśam 2. 28. 1; 2. 23. 9) first conquered the entire land of Śūrasenas (sa śūrasenān kārtsnyena pūrvam evājayat prabhuḥ) 2. 28. 2;

(4) Arjuna mentioned Śūrasena among the countries in which Pāṇḍavas could stay during their ajñātavāsa 4. 1. 9;

(5) Saṁjaya told Dhṛtarāṣṭra that Śūrasenas no longer respected him and that they had joined the side of Yudhiṣṭhira recognizing his heroism (vīryajñās tasya dhīmataḥ) 5. 53. 17;

(6) Before the start of the war, Śūrasenas (who went to Kauravas) were among the twelve Janapadas who, led by Duḥśāsana and other sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra, guarded the rear of Bhīṣma; they were all chariot-fighters twenty thousand strong (pṛṣṭhagopās tu bhiṣmasya …rathā viṁśatisāhasrāḥ; mahatā rathavaṁśena te 'bhyarakṣan pitāmaham) 6. 18. 10, 12, 14;

(7) On the second day of the war, in the Mahāvyūha (6. 47. 10) of Kauravas Duryodhana asked Śūrasenas and others to protect Bhīṣma with their armies (bhīṣmam evābhirakṣantu saha sainyapuraskṛtāḥ) 6. 47. 7, 9; Arjuna while proceeding to attack Bhīṣma killed many Śūrasenas in the Kaurava army 6. 48. 19;

(8) On the third day, all Śūrasenas were posted at the ‘tail’ of the Garuḍavyūha (6. 52. 2-3) of Kauravas (puccham āsan… śūrasenāś ca sarvaśaḥ) 6. 52. 7;

(9) On the ninth day, Śūrasenas were among those who did not forsake Bhīṣma in the battle although they were being killed by sharp arrows (saṁgrāme nājahur bhīṣmaṁ vadhyamānāḥ śitaiḥ śaraiḥ) 6. 102. 7;

(10) On the tenth day, incited by Duryodhana to attack Arjuna Śūrasenas marched on him; Arjuna burnt (dadāha) them with his divine weapons; when afflicted by arrows and when their chariots and banners were shattered, their kings stopped attacking Arjuna (śarārtā…viprakī rṇarathadhvajāḥ/nābhyavartanta rājānaḥ sahitā vānaradhvajam); Arjuna scattered their army (6. 112. 102106, 109-112, 114-116); towards the end of that day, when the Kaurava army, afraid of Arjuna, fled from the battle, Śūrasenas were among those twelve Janapadas who, though afflicted by arrows and pained due to wounds, did not abandon Bhīṣma fighting with Arjuna (śūrasenāḥ…dvādaśaite janapadā śarārtā vraṇapīḍitāḥ/saṁgrāme na jahur bhīṣmaṁ yudhyamānaṁ kirīṭinā//) 6. 114. 76-77;

(11) On the eleventh day, Śūrasenas and others led by Duryodhana marched behind Karṇa in the Śakaṭavyūha (7. 6. 15) of Kauravas (tavātmajaṁ puraskṛtya sūtaputrasya pṛṣṭhataḥ) 7. 6. 6-7;

(12) On the twelfth day, Śūrasenas and others riding elephants, horses and chariots along with their foot-soldiers in hundreds and thousands stood at the ‘neck’ of the Suparṇavyūha of Kauravas (grīvāyāṁ śūrasenāś ca…gajāśvarathapattyaughās tasthuḥ śatasahasraśaḥ) 7. 19. 8;

(13) On the fourteenth day, ten thousand chariot-warriors of Śūrasenas and others, led by Jaya and Kṛtavarman, tried to check the onward march of Arjuna towards Jayadratha 7. 66. 37; later, when Sudakṣiṇa and Śrutāyudha were killed, angered Śūrasenas and others, showered arrows on Arjuna; he killed six thousand of them; afraid, they fled, but returned and surrounded Arjuna; Arjuna cut off their arms and heads 7. 68. 2-5; towards the end of the day, while lamenting the death of Jayadratha, Duryodhana mentioned Śūrasenas among those who fought for him but were killed by Arjuna (hatā madarthaṁ saṁgrāme yudhyamānāḥ kirīṭinā) 7. 125. 31-32;

(14) During the night war between the fourteenth and the fifteenth day, Yudhiṣṭhira and Bhīma killed Śūrasenas 7. 132. 24; 7. 136. 4;

(15) On the seventeenth day, Kṛpa and others fought with Śūrasenas (on Pāṇḍavas' side); they fought a battle which led them to heaven in case of death (teṣām antakaraṁ …svargyaṁ yaśaskaram) 8. 32. 17-18;

(16) At night, on the seventeenth day (niśi) while reporting the death of Karṇa to Dhṛtarāṣṭra (8. 1. 25-26) Saṁjaya mentioned Śūrasenas among those who were killed in war 8. 4. 36.


E. King Sunāman brother of Kaṁsa is referred to as king of Śūrasenas: śūrasenarāj 7. 10. 8.


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